Question 1

Using IBC table1607.1, Live load for roof = 20 psf

Concrete self-weight = 3�12 " × 150 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙/𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3 = 37.5 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Armstrong metalcrafts 22-gauge aluminum steel self-weight = 0.357 psf

EDIL Polyester water proof membrane self-weight = 0.92 psf

Using ASCE 7-02 celling finishes and lighting fixtures dead load = 20 psf

Total dead Load = 37.5 + 20 + 0.357 + 0.92 = 58.777 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Beam B1 design

One way loading of roof

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Dead load = 58.777 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 293.885 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
= 0.29 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Live load = 20 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 100 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
= 0.1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

Calculate moments

ØMn ≥ Mu

Mu = ?

1
 𝑤𝑤𝑢𝑢𝑙𝑙2
Mu = 8

wu = ?

wu = 1.2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

wu = (1.2 × 0.29) + (1.6 × 0.1)

wu = 0.508 kips/ft

0.508(15)2
Mu = = 14.29 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
8

Calculate Weak axis moment of inertia

ØMn = ØZxFy

Remember ØMn ≥ Mu

𝑀𝑀
⸫ Zx = ∅𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢
𝑦𝑦

14.29 ×12
Zx = 0.9 ×36
= 5.29 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖3

Select W- section Zx ≥ 5.29 in3

W4X13; 6.28 in3 > 5.29 in3

bf = 4.060 in; tw = 0.280 in; d = 4.16 in; tf = 0.345 in

2
Check compact limit for λ

For flange

𝑏𝑏 65
λ = 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 <
𝑓𝑓 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

4.060 65
λ = 2 ×0.345 <
√36

λ = 5.88 < 10.83 OK

For web

ℎ 640
λ = 𝑡𝑡 <
𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

�𝑑𝑑− 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 � 640

λ= <
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

[4.16− (2 ×0.345)] 640

λ= <
0.280 √36

λ = 12.39 < 106.67 OK

Recompute Mu to include self-weight of beam

wu = [1.2 × (0.29 + 0.013)] + (1.6 × 0.1) = 0.524 kips/ft

0.524 × (15)2
Mu = = 14.74 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
8

ØMn ≥ Mu

ØMn = ØZxFy

ØMn = 0.9 × 6.28 × 36

3
ØMn = 203.472 kip.in = 16.96 kip.ft

16.96 kip.ft > 14.74 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 OK

BEAM B2

Reaction from inner B1 beams

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0.524 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
× 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 7.86 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Taking moments at one end of beam B1; 7.86 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 7.5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃𝑃 × 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

58.95 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃𝑃15𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

58.95 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

P= �15𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 3.93 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Reaction from B1 end beams

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Dead load = 58.772 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 × 2.5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 146.943 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
= 0.147 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Live load = 20 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2.5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 50 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.05 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
wu = 1.2(0.147 + 0.013) + (1.6 × 0.05) = 0.272 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0.272 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
× 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 4.08 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 @ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Taking moments at one end of beam B1; 4.08 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 7.5 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃𝑃 × 15𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

30.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃𝑃 × 15𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

30.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
⸫ 𝑃𝑃 = 15 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
= 2.04 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑠𝑠

4
Calculate moments

ØMn ≥ Mu

Mu = ?

Mu = 𝑃𝑃 × 𝑥𝑥

Mu = 3.93 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 10 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 39.9 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 × 2 = 78.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

Calculate Weak axis moment of inertia

ØMn = ØZxFy

Remember ØMn ≥ Mu

𝑀𝑀
⸫ Zx = ∅𝐹𝐹𝑢𝑢
𝑦𝑦

78.6 ×12
Zx = 0.9 ×36
= 29.11 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖3

Select W- section Zx ≥ 29.11 in3

W12X22; 29.3 in3 > 29.11 in3

bf = 4.030 in; tw = 0.260 in; d = 12.31 in; tf = 0.425 in

Check compact limit for λ

For flange

𝑏𝑏 65
λ = 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 <
𝑓𝑓 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

5
 4.030 65
λ = 2 ×0.425 <
√36

λ = 4.74 < 10.83 OK

For web

ℎ 640
λ = 𝑡𝑡 <
𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

�𝑑𝑑− 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 � 640

λ= <
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

[12.31− (2 ×0.425)] 640

λ= <
0.260 √36

λ = 44.08 < 106.67 OK

Recompute Mu to include self-weight of beam

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0.022 × (20 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Mu = � � + 78.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
8

Mu = 1.1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 78.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 79.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

ØMn ≥ Mu

ØMn = ØZxFy

ØMn = 0.9 × 29.3 × 36

ØMn =949.32 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ÷ 12 = 79.11 kip.ft

79.7 kip.ft > 79.11 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 NOT OK, Chose a larger beam

Select W-section W14x22; 33.2 in3 > 29.11 in3

6
bf = 5.0 in; tw = 0.230 in; d = 13.74 in; tf = 0.335 in

Check compact limit for λ

For flange

𝑏𝑏 65
λ = 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 <
𝑓𝑓 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

5 65
λ = 2 ×0.335 <
√36

λ = 7.46 < 10.83 OK

For web

ℎ 640
λ = 𝑡𝑡 <
𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

�𝑑𝑑− 2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 � 640

λ= <
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦

[13.74− (2 ×0.335)] 640

λ= <
0.230 √36

λ = 56.83 < 106.67 OK

Recompute Mu to include self-weight of beam

𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
0.022 × (20 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓)2
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Mu = � � + 78.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
8

Mu = 1.1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + 78.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 79.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

7
ØMn ≥ Mu

ØMn = ØZxFy

ØMn = 0.9 × 33.2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖3 × 36 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

ØMn =1069.2 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ÷ 12 = 89.1 kip.ft

89.1 kip.ft > 79.7 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘. 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 OK

Question 2

A compact section is a section that has sufficiently stocky profile so that it is capable of

developing a fully plastic stress distribution before buckling (web or flange). For a section to be

compact, the width thickness ratio of the flages of W or I-shaped rolled sections must not exceed

ad/t value λp = 0.38�𝐸𝐸/𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 . Similarly, the webs in flexural compression ust not exceed an h/tw

value λp = 3.6�𝐸𝐸/𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 .

A nonecompact section is one for which the yield stree can be reached in some, but not

all, of its compression element before buckling occurs. It is not capable of reachin a fully plastic

stress distribuition. The noncompact section are those that have web-thivkness ratios grater that

λp, but not greater that λf. For the noncompact range, the witdh-thiicness ratios of the flanges or

W- or toher I-shaped rolled section must not exceed λf = 1.0�𝐸𝐸/𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 , while those for the webs

must not exceed λf = 5.70�𝐸𝐸/𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 .

A slender section is one for which width/thickness ratio exceed the limit λr of AISC-B4

and must be treated in accordance with AISC-F3.2(b). the nominal of such a section is

0.9𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 26,100𝑘𝑘𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥

𝑀𝑀 = =
�ℎ/𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �ℎ/𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤

8
taking E = 29,000 ksi.