MODULE 5 LESSON 2 (DRUGS FOR COMMON COLD AND COUGH)

CHECK-IN ACTIVITY

After reading the articles provided, make a summary of drugs used for common colds and cough.

YOU CAN ADD MORE ROWS IF NEEDED.

Drugs for common What they do? How does it work? Side effect/s or
colds (pharmacologic action) (MOA) disadvantage
(Specify the DRUG CLASS/specific
agent under each category)
DECONGESTANTS
Pseudoephedrine It relieves congestion It acts on alpha and  Feel sick
caused by dilating beta-adrenergic  Headache
blood vessels in the receptors, causing  Xerostomia
nasal passages. It is vasoconstriction and  Fast or irregular
also used to treat a smooth muscle heartbeat
stuffy nose and sinus relaxation in the  Increased BP
pressure caused by an bronchi. Alpha-
infection. adrenergic receptors are
located on the muscle
lining walls of blood
vessels.
Phenylephrine It promotes An alpha1 adrenoceptor  Mild upset stomach
vasoconstriction, which agonist wherein its  Insomnia
reduces edema and nasal decongestant  Dizziness
enhances sinus cavity activity activates  Trembling
drainage. alpha1 adrenoceptors  Tachycardia
in nasal mucosal  Nervousness
arterioles.
 Headache
 Lightheadedness

Oxymetazoline It helps to relieve nasal It stimulates the alpha2  Nausea

and conjunctival adrenergic receptor.  Dizziness
congestion.  Burning
 Stinging
 Sneezing
 Increased nasal
discharge
 Dry inside the nose
 Nervousness

ANTIHISTAMINES
Diphenhydramine It is an antihistamine An inverse agonist at  Nausea
that is used to treat the H1 receptor,  Dizziness
allergies, hay fever, and reversing histamine's  Loss of appetite
the common cold. effects on capillaries  Drowsiness
and lowering allergic  Xerostomia, dry nose
reaction symptoms. H1 and throat
receptors are related
 Vomiting
to muscarinic
 Increased chest
receptors.
congestion
 Constipation

Chlorpheniramine It helps reduce the It inhibits the effects of  Nausea

symptoms of a cold or histamine that causes
 allergies, but it does allergic symptoms.  Headache
not address the  Drowsiness
underlying cause of the  Xerostomia
symptoms or hasten  Dry nose and throat
recovery.  Vomiting
 Increased chest
congestion
 Loss of appetite
 Constipation

Brompheniramine It helps to reduce As with other popular  Nausea

symptoms but does not antihistamines, it is an  Dizziness
treat the underlying antagonist of the H1  Drowsiness
cause of the symptoms histamine receptors  Blurred vision
or enhance recovery. with mild  Loss of appetite
antimuscarinic  Stomach pain
properties. It alleviates
 Constipation
the symptoms of
 Dry nose
allergies, hay fever, and
the common cold, such  Xerostomia
as red, irritated, itchy,  Memory problems or
watery eyes, sneezing, concentration
and runny nose. problems
 Restless or excited
(especially in
children)

Cetirizine It is categorized as a An antihistamine that  Sneezing or blocked

non-drowsy is non-sedating and and runny nose
antihistamine since it acts by inhibiting the  Headaches
affects the body's H-1 receptor on cells.  Dizziness
natural chemical  Nausea
histamine.  Xerostomia
 Sore throat
 Stomach pain
 Diarrhea
Clemastine An antihistamine that A selective H1  Drowsiness
lowers the effects of antagonist that binds  Dizziness
the body's natural to the H1 receptor.  Headache
chemical histamine.  Excitement
(especially in
children)
 Decreased
coordination
 Chest congestion
 Nausea
 Xerostomia
 Dry nose and throat

Fexofenadine It is an antihistamine It inhibits the  Headache

that is used to treat production of certain  Fever
allergy symptoms. histamines by the body  Cough
during an allergic  Upper respiratory
 reaction. tract infection
 Vomiting
 Muscle pain
 Back pain
 Diarrhea
Loratadine It is an antihistamine It inhibits the activity of  Headache
that is used to treat histamine, which  Nervousness
allergy symptoms. causes allergic  Difficulty falling
reactions. asleep or staying
asleep
 Weakness
 Nosebleed
 Xerostomia
 Sore throat
 Mouth sores
OTHER REMEDIES
Acetaminophen or Antipyretic Inhibits prostaglandin  Drowsiness
Ibuprofen production in the CNS  Headache
and peripherally to  Nausea
prevent pain impulse  Loss of appetite
generation. Its  Itching
antipyretic activity  Rash
stems from its impact on  Stomach pain
prostaglandin E2 in the  Dark urine
CNS, which causes fever.
Ibuprofen is a COX
enzyme inhibitor
required for
prostaglandin
production, and
inhibiting COX causes an
antipyretic effect in the
CNS due to reduced
prostaglandin E
synthesis.

Drugs for COUGH What they do? How does it work? Side effect/s or
(Specify the DRUG CLASS/specific (pharmacologic action)
agent under each category)
(MOA) disadvantage
ANTITUSSIVE
Dextromethorphan It suppresses the cough It has antitussive  Nausea
frequently linked with properties. It  Dizziness
the common cold and penetrates the blood-  Drowsiness
other respiratory brain barrier and works  GI upset
diseases. It centrally in the cough  Excessive
momentarily soothes center of the medulla consumption
coughing but does not to suppress cough.
produces
cure the underlying
hallucinogenic effects
cause or hasten to
heal.  Respiratory and
cardiac arrest

Codeine It is a centrally acting In the liver, CYP2D6  Itchiness

narcotic opioid that has converts it to  Lightheadedness
been approved as an morphine. Codeine  Vomiting
antitussive. Codeine binds to mu-opioid
 has a complex function receptors, which play a  Drowsiness
as an analgesic, role in pain  Constipation
sedative, and cough transmission all
suppressant. throughout the body
and CNS.
EXPECTORANTS
Guaifenesin It thins and loosens It decreases the surface  Drowsiness
mucus in the airways, tension and viscosity of  Dizziness
promoting the mucus, making  Headache
bronchodilation and expectoration easier.  Nausea
relieving congestion.  Vomiting
 Rash
 Stomach pain
 Decreased uric acid
levels
MUCOLYTICS
Guaifenesin It thins and loosens It decreases the surface  Drowsiness
mucus in the airways, tension and viscosity of  Dizziness
promoting the mucus, making  Headache
bronchodilation and expectoration easier.  Nausea
relieving congestion.  Vomiting
 Rash
 Stomach pain
 Decreased uric acid
levels
OTHER REMEDIES
Amoxicillin For persistent coughs During the active  Headache
caused by mild chest spread stage, it exerts a  Nausea
infections such as bactericidal effect on  Vomiting
bronchitis, an antibiotic sensitive bacteria. It  Swollen, black, or
is frequently hinders cell wall “hairy” tongue
prescribed. production, causing  Rash
bacteria to die.  Diarrhea
 Vaginal itching or
discharge