Myat Kyi Phyu Khin

Grade-7 (Room 1) Diamond

Units (4): Dynamic Equilibrium: Other Organisms

Chapter (13): Cells - The Units of Life

Section (1): The World of Cells

Importance of Cells

1. A cell is the smallest unit of life in all living things.

2. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from
food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out
specialized functions.
3. Different cells have different jobs in living things.
4. Cells are important because they’re organized structures
that help living things carry on the activities of life, such
as the breakdown of food, movement, growth and
reproduction.

Cell Theory
5. Because most cells are small, they weren’t observed
until microscopes were invented.
 6. The three main ideas of the cell theory are:

1. All living things are made of one or more cells.

2. The cell is a basic unit of life in which the activities of
life occur.
3. All cells come from cells that already exist.

The Microscopic Cell

7. The smallest organism on Earth is bacteria.

8. Bacterias are one-celled organisms, which means they

are made up of only one cell.

9. Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms

often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a
large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.

10. Each bacterium is only made up of one cell.

11. Larger organisms are made of many cells.

12. Cells in larger organisms work together to complete all

of the organism’s life activities.
13. Many-celled organisms, like trees, dogs, insects, people,
have more than 10 trillion cells.

Microscopes
14. The microscope used in most classrooms is called a
compound light microscope.

15. a) Light passes through the object you are looking at

and then through two or more lenses.
b) The lenses enlarge the image of the object.
c) How much an image is enlarged depends on the
powers of the eyepiece and the objective lens.
d) The power - a number followed by an X - is found on
each lens. For example, a power of 10X means the lens can
magnify something to 10 times larger than its actual size.
e) The magnification of a microscope is found by
multiplying the powers of the eyepiece and the objective
lens.

What are cells made of?

16. A cell has a cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm,
mitochondrion and chromosomes.
17. In the cell boundary, the cell’s life activities take place.

18. The smaller parts inside the cell can act as storage
areas.

19. The cell also has parts that use ingredients such as
oxygen, water, minerals, and other nutrients.

20. Some cell parts can release energy or make substances

that are necessary for maintaining life.

Outside the Cell

21. The cell membrane is a flexible structure that holds the
cell together.

22. The cell membrane forms a boundary between the cell

and its environment.

23. The cell membrane helps control what goes into and
comes out of the cell.
24. The function of the cell wall is to help support and
protect these cells.

Inside the Cell

25. Cytoplasm is where the cell’s activities take place.

26. Cytoplasm contains many chemicals that are needed

by the cell.

Organelles
27. Cells contain organelles.

28. Organelles are specialized structures that perform

various jobs inside cells.

29. Chromosomes contain DNA.

30. Cell organelles move around the cytoplasm and

perform activities that are necessary for life.
a) Mitochondrion converts food energy into a form that
a cell can use.
b) Nucleus controls most of the cell’s activities.
c) Cell wall provides support and protection.
 d) Cell membrane helps control what enters and leaves
the cell.
e) Vacuole stores food, water, minerals and wastes.
f) Chloroplast captures energy from sunlight and uses it
to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
g) Chromosomes allow DNA to be accurately copied
during these cell divisions.
h) Cytoplasm provides a platform upon which other
organelles can operate within the cell.

The Nucleus
31. The hereditary material of the cell directs most of the cell’s
activities.

32. The hereditary material is located in the cells of organisms.

33. Inside the nucleus are chromosomes.

34. Chromosomes contain a plan for the cell.

35. Chromosomes contain an important chemical called DNA.

36. DNA determines which traits an organism will have.

Storage
37. In cells, food, water and other substances are stored in
balloon-like organelles in the cytoplasm called vacuoles.

38. Some vacuoles store wastes until the cell is ready to get rid
of them.

39. Plant cells usually have a large vacuole that stores water
and other substances.

Energy and the Cell

40. An important process called cellular respiration takes place
inside mitochondrion.

41. Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions in which

energy stored in food is converted to a form of energy that the
cell can use.

42. This energy is released as food and oxygen combine.

43. The waste products from the cellular respiration carbon
dioxide and water.

44. All cells with mitochondria use the energy from cellular
respiration to do all of their work.

Nature’s Solar Energy Factories

45. Plants, algae and many types of bacteria make food
through a process called photosynthesis.

46. Most photosynthesis in plants occurs in leaf cells.

47. Inside these leaf cells are green organelles called chloroplast.

48. Most leaves are green because their cells contain so much
chloroplast.

49. During photosynthesis, chloroplast captures light energy and

combines carbon dioxide from the air with water to make food.

50. Energy is stored in food after the photosynthesis.

51. As the plant needs energy, its mitochondria release the
food’s energy.

52. The captured light energy is passed to other organisms

when they eat organisms that carry on photosynthesis.