Likha G10-Alunsinag3

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
LIKHA – PROJECT PROPOSAL TEMPLATE
(1) PROJECT PROFILE

Project Title:
• Banana Peels and Apple Pomace As An Alternative Sources For The
Production of Biofuel
Names of Project Proponents:
• Anillo, Arianne Kylie Orena
• Caraig, Ashley Anne Viray
• Poquiz, Rowan Danniel Picar (Team Leader)
Region: IV-A (CALABARZON)
School: General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School (GMATHS)
Division: Cavite Province
Grade Level: ten (10)
Email:
• arianne.anillo@gmail.com
• ashleycaraig@gmail.com
• rowanpocar@gmail.com
Contact Number:
• 09687362580 (SMART)
• 09651620529 (TM)
• 09762981374 (GOMO)
(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME

_____ Physical Science _____ Food Safety
_____ Life Science _____ Water Conservation
_____ Robotics and Intelligent Machines _____ Renewable Energy
_____ Mathematics and Computational _____ Cyber Security
Sciences _____ Traffic/ Road Congestion
_____ Health
(3) _____ Disaster Mitigation
_____ Individual _____ Agriculture and Environment
_____ Team Innovation Others (please specify)
(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (not to exceed 200 words)
Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite
(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849

www.depedcavite.com.ph
deped.cavite@deped.gov.ph
REGION IV-A
The biodiesel production process in reality is much more than just a

chemical reaction. The practical aspects of how to convert a locally available
bio-oil resource into a modern biodiesel fuel in a rural-scale biodiesel plant
are of utmost importance in enhancing its techno-social economic viability. It
has been proven, under Indian conditions that the industrial-scale biodiesel
plant application had failed due to a variety of feedstock problems and its
management.
This project aims to make renewable energy, biodegradable, nontoxic,
and has low emission profiles making it environmentally benign. This report
outlines the finding from socio-economic and environmental research to
discover the feasibility of a suitable biofuel business. For biofuel refining, it
will discuss various feedstocks for producing biofuels. The objective of this
research or project is to discern whether to implement a strategy for the
production, refinement, and distribution of biofuels. Biofuel production will
examine the geographical and agricultural profile of the Philippines, the
production of major food crops, and the productivity of the chosen district. It
mainly focuses on analyzing the reasons for the significantly low-yield crops
and formulating potential solutions to increase the yield for greater
production. The distribution section will review the supply chain as well as
transportation and storage details.
(6) INTRODUCTION
In recent times, the world has been confronted with an energy crisis
due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increased environmental
problems. The tremendous use of petroleum products is responsible for the
alarming pollution of the environment. This situation has led to the search
for an alternative fuel, which should not be only suitable but also
environment friendly. Fuels of bio-origin such as ethanol, vegetable oil,
biomass, biogas, and many more are becoming the focus of attention. With
shrinking crude of reserves and limited refining capacity, the world will have
to depend heavily on imports of crude oil. From the point of view, protecting
the global environment and the concern for long-term supplies of
conventional fuels, it becomes imperative to develop alternate fuels
comparable to conventional fuels.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
Biofuels are the only alternative. Biofuels include fuels derived from
biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels, and various
biogases. Although fossil fuels have their origin in ancient carbon fixation,
they are not considered biofuels by the generally accepted definition because
they contain carbon that has been out of the carbon cycle for a very long
time.
Biofuels are fossil fuel substitutes that can be made from a range of
agricultural crops and other sources of biomass, it is also a hydrocarbon fuel
that is produced from organic matter in a time interval of days, weeks or even
months. They are produced from organic waste, common commercially used
biofuels, bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane. It is derived from biological
carbon fixation, it can reduce carbon footprint. Biofuels have been used to
replace carbon-based fossil fuels due to the effect of pollution to the
atmosphere and global warming. It is a fuel that is made from biomass or
plant material. Biofuel is being heavily refined as it emits significantly less
carbon dioxide than fossil fuels.
Any fuel that is derived from biomass, that is plant or algae material or
animal waste. In the 1890s, Rudolf Diesel was the first person who made
biofuel from vegetable oil.
(6.1) RATIONALE/SIGNIFICANCE
The use of biofuels for transport is a major thrust of the Philippines to

reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels and to mitigate
greenhouse gas emissions. Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels—fuels
produced from renewable organic material—has the potential to reduce some
undesirable aspects of fossil fuel production and use, including conventional
and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutant emissions, exhaustible resource
depletion, and dependence on unstable foreign suppliers. The price of
gasoline in the Philippines increases this day which affects the transportation
fees in society but if we provide or replace biofuels It can helcarbon footprint
of transportation and other industries, by making the most of our planet's
carbon cycle. Every gallon of biofuel that replaces a gallon of fossil fuel helps
reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
REGION IV-A
This experiment of banana peels and apple pomace as an alternative

source for the production of biofuel will help our society the earth rather. It
helps to reduce undesirable aspects of fossil fuel production and use, including
pollutant emissions and environmental costs.
(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK /

MATHEMATICAL THEORY INVOLVE
The project “ Banana peels and Apple Pomace as alternative sources for
the Production Of Bio-fuel” Is intended to be used to adapt and improvise for
the rising of gas prices. This project intends to lower the gas prices and let
our country provide our fuel and gases for ourselves and do not depend on
other country providing gases for us.
Based on the studies of Alula Gebregergs (2016). Ethanol can be
extracted from banana peel. The researchers would like to prove it and test it
and if possible make it a source of fuel that can power cars. According to
Alula buying and exporting fuels is too expensive. If we produce fuel for
ourselves, we could save money and even sell it to other countries. In recent
months, gases spiked because of the tension between Russia and Ukraine
and we cannot keep on depending on Russia to produce fuel for us.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
(6.3) OBJECTIVES
General:
The objective of the study is to provide cheap and efficient fuel for
everyone while also cleaning our environment. If the researchers successfully
provided this kind of fuel our gas prices could go down 85% from what it is
now. Now how the researchers tell that it would go down by 85%, because the
researchers will use 85% ethanol extracted from the vegetable and fruit waste.
And if 15% gasoline is added, it could theoretically power a machine or better,
a car. Fuel/Gasoline is now also in demand in the market. Why do gas prices
are going up? Well, it is because of the tension between Ukraine and Russia,
that NATO cut off the ability of Russia in exporting gasoline/Fossil fuels, it
made the gasoline prices higher because of the lack of sources of fossil fuels.
Specific: Specifically, the project aims to:

1. To produce biofuel or biodiesel that can be used for cooking and also
can be used as a substitute for gasoline or fossil fuel;
2. Minimize the use of crude oil and fossil fuel that can affect our
environment;
3. To reduce the prices of gas, and it would not destroy or damage any of
the nature around us.
REGION IV-A
(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Biofuel, is any fuel that is derived from biomass that is, plant or algae
material or fruit waste. Since such feedstock material can be replenished
readily, biofuel is considered to be a source of renewable energy, unlike fossil
fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, biofuels are a reliable
alternative energy resource.
With more development and research, it is possible to overcome the
disadvantages of biofuels and make them suitable for widespread consumer
use. The feedstock inputs you need for biodiesel are more expensive than
petroleum. On top of that, the processes for producing the fuel aren't yet
efficient enough that you can produce it very cheaply.
That’s why biofuels are not very popular but sure they still help more if
it’s used. From the banana peels and apple pomace as an alternative for
bioethanol/ biofuel these Biofuels Benefits and Considerations. Biofuel is a
domestically produced, clean-burning, renewable substitute for petroleum
diesel. Using biofuel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, improves air
quality and the environment, and provides safety benefits.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
(8) METHODOLOGY
Materials
Banana peels are lignocellulosic agricultural waste that has the
potential to produce bioethanol as a renewable form of energy. And apple
pomace is an excellent feedstock for producing ethanol that could either be
used as biofuel or biogas. And 15% of gasoline so that it can run vehicles.
Methods
The efficiency of three pretreatment techniques namely water, alkaline,
and acidic pretreatments on the production of bioethanol. We applied the
same technique using H2SO4 to all the pretreatment techniques, The results
will show the highest reducing sugar concentrations when banana peels were
pretreated with acid; pretreatment using water alone gave the lowest reducing
sugar concentrations. We will use an activated strain of S.Cerevisiae to
convert the reducing sugars to bioethanol via a three-day fermentation
process. The bioethanol concentrations detected by GC-FID from the water,
acidic, and alkaline pretreatments were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm
respectively. It was evident that obtaining a high concentration of reducing
sugars after hydrolysis does not guarantee bioethanol production.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
The bioethanol concentrations detected by GC-FID from the water, acidic,

and alkaline pretreatments were 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm respectively.
It was evident that obtaining a high concentration of reducing sugars after
hydrolysis does not guarantee bioethanol production. Moreover, the results
have confirmed that the ultimate production of ethanol was pretreatment
dependent. Banana peels (pretreatment)-cellulose(hydrolisis)-sugar
(fermentation) to ethanol. And for the apple pomace ,To produce a higher
ethanol concentration from apple pomace, the research team used an
alternative enzyme complex derived from the microorganism Penicillium
verruculosum. Like other enzyme complexes, the cellulase complex, now used
for the first time in this process, can break down the long-chain sugar
molecules into simple sugars. The simple sugars are now fermented with the
help of yeast and the water-containing solution is distilled; obtaining the
ethanol in the desired concentration. "Compared to previously used
biocatalysts, the cellulase complex from Penicillium verruculosum has proven
to be particularly robust to interfering factors in the reaction. For this reason,
a larger amount of apple pomace can be used than in conventional
fermentation processes and subsequently higher ethanol concentrations can
be obtained "Overall, ethanol yields were 134 g per kg of dry apple pomace. A
complete process mass balance for enzyme hydrolysis and ethanol
fermentation is provided in this manuscript. And to run vehicles, we will
combine 85% of the ethanol from banana peels & apple pomace and 15% of
gasoline
Outline Description
Banana peels and apple pomace as alternative sources for the

production of biofuel. 85% Bioethanol that produced by banana peels and
apple pomace and 15% of gasoline can run a vehicle by this experminent. Due
to the high price of fuels, this will help for the society.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
bBanana peels and Pretreatment,

apple pomace for hydrolysis,
the production of fermentation to
bioethanol. produce
bioethanol from BIOFUELS THAT
banana peels. CAN RUN A
VEHICLE
Researching for
how is the
production of Alternative
bioethanol from enzyme complex
banana peels and from the
apple pomace. microorganism
pencillium
verruculosum for
the production of
15% of gasoline so bioethanol from
that it can run a apple pomace.
vehicle.
Mixing 85%
bioethanol from
banana peels and
apple pomace and
15% of gasoline.
(9) EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS

The experiment is expected to work at all costs and help a lot of people
without hurting or destroying our ozone layer and keeping our nature clean.
This study aims to help, clean and keep cleanliness around us and everyone
in this planet.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
tSCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
The Potential impacts of the device in different aspects are as follows:
• Health and Safety

It is expected to reduce CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) released in our atmosphere and
reduce air pollution by 27% if possible and workable. It is also expected to give
everyone a good health by making them eat vegetables and fruits to use for
their own making of fuels. In the past few years, the death rate of air pollution
increased from time to time now. If the researchers’ calculations are correct we
can lower the death rate due to air and land pollution by 20%.
• Attitudinal, Behavior, and Policy

The experiment is expected to be natural and environmentally friendly, it
would not destroy or damage any of the nature around us. It will also make
every person healthy in many ways by trying to make them eat fruits and
vegetables by talking them out of it. It will increase school cleanliness and if
possibly every home will contribute their waste to the school then turn those
waste into fuel.
• Economic
It will reduced the prices of gases and if successful it can also be imported or
sell into other countries, By ding this so, the economical status of our country,
the Philippines could rise and have funds for producing jobs for the citizens.
• Technology
This experiment would have a huge impact on technologies, It will also be used
on each machine and tech if it becomes a success, it can also help reduce the
carbon footprint of transportation and other industries.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
(10) WORKPLAN AND TARGET DELIVERIESWORKPLAN
TIM
PERSONS EXPECTED
PROG OBJECTIVES STRATEGIES/A INVOLVE E OUTPUT/O
RAM CTIVITIES D FRA UTCOME
ME
 Improves air
 Reduce Use biofuel
Production of Instead of
Quality.
fossil fuel. Fossil fuel
That harms
Produce fewer air
Our
toxins and fewer
People in environment.
emissions of
PHYSIC the
particulates
AL community,
 sulfur dioxide.
SCIENC Vehicle
E owners, Use biofuel
Sept
 Reuse the Government Without
emb
Waste of fruits Officials, Destroying our
er
(GMAT And vegetable And almost Ozone layer,
26
HS) Crops. everyone And help to
2022
Keep our
 To help the  Using biodiesel environment
Produce a As a
vehicle
fuel
increases
energy
secutiy. Clean.
Cleaner air for
everyone.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
GANTT CHART
(11) REFERENCES
Lim, T.S., S.C. Sim, and M.M. Mansor. “RFID Based Attendance System.” 2009
IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1109/isiea.2009.5356360.
Shukla, Shashank. “RFID Based Attendance Management System.”

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 3, no.
6 (2013). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.3961.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
“(PDF) RFID-Based Students Attendance Management System.” n.d.

ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235598499_RFID-
Based_Students_Attendance_Management_System.
Arbain, Norakmar, Noor Firdaus Nordin, Naimah Mat Isa, and Shuria Saaidin.
“LAS: Web-Based Laboratory Attendance System by Integrating RFID-Arduino
Technology.” 2014 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and
System Engineering (ICEESE), 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iceese.2014.7154601.
Arbain, Norakmar, Noor Firdaus Nordin, Naimah Mat Isa, and Shuria Saaidin.
“LAS: Web-Based Laboratory Attendance System by Integrating RFID-Arduino
Technology.” 2014 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and
System Engineering (ICEESE), 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iceese.2014.7154601.
Nguyen, H. K., and M. T. Chew. “RFID-Based Attendance Management
System.” 2017 2nd Workshop on Recent Trends in Telecommunications
Research (RTTR), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/rttr.2017.7887874.
2017Nguyen, H. K., and M. T. Chew. “RFID-Based Attendance Management

System.” 2017 2nd Workshop on Recent Trends in Telecommunications
Research (RTTR), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/rttr.2017.7887874.
Zaman, Hasan U., Jannatul Siffat Hossain, Tasnim Tamanna Anika, and
Deboshree Choudhury. “RFID Based Attendance System.” 2017 8th
International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking
Technologies (ICCCNT), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2017.8204180.
Shi, Lijuan, and Qing Li. “An Attendance System Design Based on RFID
Technology.” 2020 8th International Conference on Orange Technology (ICOT),
2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/icot51877.2020.9468740.
Qureshi, Rizwan. “The Proposed Implementation of RFID Based Attendance

System.” International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications
11, no. 3 (2020): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2020.11304.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
Hanis, Hazirah Izzati Abdul, and Sofia Najwa Ramli. 2021. “Attendance
Monitoring Application for Students Using RFID.” Applied Information
Technology and Computer Science 2 (2): 73–84.
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/aitcs/article/view/2
513
Rodrigues, Sanil, Rincy Pereira, Selvin Tuscano, and Garima Tripathi. 2022.
“Contactless Attendance System.” Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics,
809–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6460-1_62.

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849
REGION IV-A
Figure 2. System Flow Diagram of Automated and Contactless

Attendance Monitoring System

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849

Likha G10-Alunsinag3

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Republic of the Philippines

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE

LIKHA – PROJECT PROPOSAL TEMPLATE

(1) PROJECT PROFILE

(2) CATEGORY OF RESEARCH (4) THEME

(5) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (not to exceed 200 words)

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

(046) 419-0014, 419-1286, 412-0349, 419-1739, 412-0849

The biodiesel production process in reality is much more than just a

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

The use of biofuels for transport is a major thrust of the Philippines to

This experiment of banana peels and apple pomace as an alternative

(6.2) SCIENTIFIC BASIS/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK /

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Specific: Specifically, the project aims to:

(7) REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

The bioethanol concentrations detected by GC-FID from the water, acidic,

Banana peels and apple pomace as alternative sources for the

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

bBanana peels and Pretreatment,

(9) EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND POTENTIAL IMPACTS

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

The Potential impacts of the device in different aspects are as follows:

• Health and Safety

• Attitudinal, Behavior, and Policy

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE

(10) WORKPLAN AND TARGET DELIVERIESWORKPLAN

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Shukla, Shashank. “RFID Based Attendance Management System.”

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

“(PDF) RFID-Based Students Attendance Management System.” n.d.

2017Nguyen, H. K., and M. T. Chew. “RFID-Based Attendance Management

Qureshi, Rizwan. “The Proposed Implementation of RFID Based Attendance

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

Figure 2. System Flow Diagram of Automated and Contactless

Cavite Capitol Compound, Brgy. Luciano, Trece Martires City, Cavite

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