DERIVATIVES

Rules of Differentiation

1.) Constant Rule

Let c = constant

𝐝𝐜
d 𝐜 = =𝟎
𝐝𝐱
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Rules of Differentiation

2.) Addition & Subtraction Rules

Let u = First function
v = Second function
d (u+v) = du + dv

d (u − v) = du − dv
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Rules of Differentiation

3.) Product Rule

Let u = First function
v = Second function

d (uv) = udv + vdu

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Rules of Differentiation

4.) Quotient Rule

Let u = First function
v = Second function

𝐮 𝐯 𝐝𝐮 −𝐮𝐝𝐯
d( )=
𝐯 𝐯𝟐
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Rules of Differentiation

5.) Power Rule

Let n = Exponent/power
y = as a function of x

𝐧 𝐝𝐲 ′ 𝐧−𝟏
If y = 𝐱 then, =𝒚 =n𝐱
𝐝𝐱
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EXERCISES:
Differentiate the algebraic functions.
1. 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒚′ = 𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕
𝟐 𝟒 𝟓 𝒚 ′ = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟒
2. 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑𝒙
𝟑 𝟓 ′ 𝟐 𝟒
3. 𝒚 = 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝒙 𝒚 = −𝟒 +𝟐𝟏𝒙 −𝟓𝒙
−𝟏 −𝟐
4. 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 𝒚′ = −𝟑𝒙−𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙−𝟑
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5. 𝒚 = 𝟓𝒙−𝟐 + 𝒙−𝟑 𝒚 ′ = −𝟏𝟎𝒙−𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙−𝟒

𝟑 𝟓 𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝟏𝟎
6. 𝒚 = + (see #5) = − 𝟐 −
𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒙𝟑

𝟏 𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝟖
7. 𝒚 = 𝟐 − = − 𝟑 +
𝒗 𝒗𝟒 𝒅𝒗 𝒗 𝒗𝟓
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𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 𝟒𝒚 𝟑 𝒅𝒘 𝟐𝒚 𝟐
8. 𝒘 = − + =− + 𝟒𝒚
𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝒅𝒚 𝟓
𝟏 Τ𝟐 −𝟏Τ𝟑 ′
𝟏 −𝟏Τ𝟐 𝟒 −𝟒Τ𝟑
9. 𝒚 = 𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 −𝟏Τ𝟐 𝟏 −𝟑Τ𝟐
10. 𝒙 = 𝒕 − = 𝒕 + 𝒕
𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟐 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
𝒐𝒓 = -
𝒅𝒕 𝟐 𝒕 𝟐 𝒕𝟑
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𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝟏
11. 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒕 𝒕 − =𝟑 𝒕+
𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟐 𝒕𝟑

𝟐
12. 𝒚 = 𝟏 + 𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒚′ = −𝟐(𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏)

𝟑 𝒅𝒚 −𝟔
13. 𝒚 = = 𝟐
𝟏+𝟐𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙
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𝟒 𝒅𝒚 −𝟖𝒕
14. 𝒚 = 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟐
𝒕 +𝟏 𝒅𝒕 𝒕 +𝟏

𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒙𝟐
+𝟏
15. 𝒚 = 𝟐 =− 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 −𝟏 𝟐

𝒙𝟐 +𝟏 −𝟒𝒙
16. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝒇′ 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒙 −𝟏
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𝟐
17. 𝒚 = 𝟖 𝒙 − 𝟓 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟗
𝒅𝒚 −𝟏/𝟐 𝟐
=8 𝒙 𝒙 − 𝟓 + 𝟐𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟗
𝒅𝒙

𝟐 𝟐
18. 𝒚 = 𝒗 +𝟑 𝒗 −𝒗+𝟏
𝒅𝒚 𝟑 𝟐
= 𝟒𝒗 − 𝟑𝒗 + 𝟖𝒗 − 𝟑
𝒅𝒗
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𝟑− 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑
19. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇′ 𝒙 = −
𝟏+𝒙 𝟏+𝒙 𝟐

𝒙 𝒙+𝟏 𝟐
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
20. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇′ 𝒙 = −
𝟐𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟐
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𝒅 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒖
The Chain Rule 𝒖 = 𝒏𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟏
An special case if 𝒏 = :
𝟐
𝒅𝒖
𝒅 𝒅𝒙
𝒖=
𝒅𝒙 𝟐 𝒖
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Examples:
Find the derivative of the functions.
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏. 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒏
The function is of the form 𝒚 = 𝒖 where:
𝟐
𝒖 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 and 𝒏 = 𝟒
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Therefore, Using Chain Rule Formula

𝒅 𝒏 𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒖
𝒖 = 𝒏𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟐 𝟒
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒅𝒚 4−1 𝟐−𝟏
𝟐
= 𝟒 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟑 • 𝟐𝒙
𝒅𝒙
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𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝟑
= 𝟐𝟒𝒙 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 (𝒂𝒏𝒔)
𝒅𝒙

𝟐 𝟏/𝟐
2. 𝒙 = 𝒕𝟐 +𝟏 = 𝒕 +𝟏

𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏/𝟐
= 𝒕 +𝟏 𝟐𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝟐
𝒅𝒙 𝟐𝒕 𝒕
= = (𝒂𝒏𝒔)
𝒅𝒕 𝟐 𝒕𝟐 +𝟏 𝒕𝟐 +𝟏
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EXERCISES:
Differentiate the algebraic functions.
𝟑Τ𝟐 ′
𝟗
1. 𝒚 = 𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙 𝒚 = 𝟓 + 𝟑𝒙
𝟐
𝟐 𝟑
2. 𝒚 = 𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙
′ 𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟑 𝟒 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙 (𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏)
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𝟏 𝟔 𝒅𝒙 𝟓
3. 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝟓𝒕 = −𝟏𝟎 𝟏 − 𝟓𝒕
𝟑 𝒅𝒕
′
𝒅𝒚 𝟔𝒙
4. 𝒚 = 𝟔 𝟒 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 = =
𝒅𝒙 𝟒+𝒙

𝟒 𝒅𝒙 −𝟐𝟒
5. 𝒙 = = 𝟑
𝟏+𝟑𝒚 𝟐 𝒅𝒚 𝟏 + 𝟑𝒚