TOUR AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT
Co. worked for Gen. Lord Ligonier in 1740
TRAVEL AGENCY
• A commercial enterprise where a traveler
can secure information and expertise, get
impartial counseling, and make
arrangements to travel by air, sea, or land to
any point in the world.
• Acts as an agent for different suppliers or
providers of products and services.
• primary function is to provide retail travel
services to customers.
ARTICLE 243 OF TOURISM CODE 1980
A travel and tour agency is an entity engaged in the
business of extending to individuals or groups, travel
services and assistance or groups, travel services and
assistance to include documentation, ticketing,
booking for transportation and/or accommodation;
arrangements, handling, and/or conduct of tours
within or outside the Philippines, whether or not for
a fee, commission or any form of monetary
consideration.
HISTORY
• Born after the industrial revolution
• Travel became merchandised and within
easy reach of an emerging working class
• Mass Travel - travel involving a large number
of people
• Thomas Cook
o Father of Travel Agencies
o Founded the agency by his name in
November 1841
o Cook established 'inclusive
independent travel.
o With John A Mason Cook, he
formed a partnership and renamed
the travel agency, Thomas Cook
and Son.
COX AND KINGS
• Considered the oldest travel company in
history
• Richard Cox – founder of the agency, Cox &
• He has been rewarded the title of Military
Agent
FUNCTION OF A TRAVEL AGENCY
• Provide information and expertise.
• Recommend destinations, products, and
services best suited to the needs of the
client.
• Provide assistance in securing travel
documents.
• Process travel arrangements.
• Assist in case of refunds and cancellations.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRAVEL MANAGEMENT
COMPANY
1. Retailer
2. Counsellor
3. Derives income from a pre-determined fixed
commission dictated by suppliers or a
professional fee negotiated with the client.
4. Charges fees for ancillary services.
THE PHILIPPINE TOURISM INDUSTRY
The tourism industry is recognized by the government
as an important contributor to the generation of
foreign exchange earnings, investments, revenue,
and employment and to the growth of the country’s
output.
The inclusion of tourism as a major pillar in the
Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
has given priority to the tourism sector by promoting
the Philippines as a premier tourist destination and
investment site. If developed sustainably, it can be a
powerful economic growth engine for the country.
It deserves to be a top priority for national
development because of the following reasons:
• It is a powerful and efficient industry;
• Its impact on social development is broad
and deep;
• It creates strong peripheral benefits;
• The Philippines can compete and win; and
• It helps maintain cultural integrity, essential
ecological processes, biological diversity,
and life support systems.
The industry is powerful and efficient because:
• It is global in size;
• It has a strong potential for growth;
• It can accommodate large levels of
investments
• It has a very high-value retention rate, i.e.,
relatively low import component;
• It generates direct and indirect jobs;
• It generates huge foreign exchange
movements; and
• It can be developed quickly;
Its impacts on social development are broad and deep
because:
• It is both labor and capital intensive;
• It promotes skills and vocational
development that can be exported; and
• It promotes a ‘culture of tourism’ through a
safer and cleaner environment that benefits
not only tourists but also the entire
community.
The Philippines can compete and win in developing its
tourism sector because:
• It possesses a ‘timeless’ competitive
advantage of proximity to North-East Asia,
especially China, Japan, and Korea, and it has
also world-class natural attractions;
• It is relatively free of restrictions unlike the
other sectors of the economy; and
• It can create sizeable niche markets.
• To harness growth in the tourism industry,
focus, execution, and coordinated
leadership against priority tourist markets
and destinations are required.
COMPONENTS OF PHILIPPINE TOURISM
The Government Sector
• Department of Tourism
• Tourism Promotions Board (TPB)
• Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone
Authority (TIEZA)
• Local Government Units
• Other National Government Units
• Financial Institutions
• Education and Training Institutions
The Private Sector
• Transportation Companies
• Lodging Industry
• Food and Beverage Industry
• Attractions and Activities Industry
• The Travel Trade
• Other Private Sector Entities
GOVERNMENT SECTOR
The Government Sector of the tourism industry is
responsible for the formulation of tourism policies. It
provides for the development of destinations and
regulates the industry in collaboration with other
government entities.
PRIVATE SECTOR
In the private sector, the six (6) principal industries
involved in tourism are:
1. The Transportation Industry (air, sea, land)
2. The Hospitality Industry or Lodging Industry
(hotels, resorts, inns, motels, pension houses,
apartment hotels)
3. Food and Beverage Industry (restaurants,
disco, travel food service, and institutional food
service)
4. The Activities and Attractions Industry or the
Entertainment and Recreation Industry
(museums, theaters, theme parks, adventure
clubs, dive shops)
5. The Travel Trade industry (travel agencies,
tour operators, and tour guides)
6. Other Private Sector Entities
PHILIPPINE TOURISM AND GEOGRAPHY
PHILIPPINE BASIC FACTS
Land Area: 300, 000 sq.km (116,610 sq. miles)
Population: 106.9M (2019 estimate)
Tourist Arrivals: 6.6 M (2017)
TOP TEN TOURIST DESTINATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES (2018)
THE NEW TRENDS
1. Cebu
2. Ifugao
3. Metro Manila
4. Baguio
5. Davao
6. Boracay
7. Vigan
8. Batanes
9. Bohol
10. Palawan

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOUR AND TRAVEL • Global Distribution Systems (GDS) –

Tour- A journey for pleasure in which several
different places are visited.
Travel- Go from one place to another, typically
over a distance of some length.
perform electronic marketing as well as
sales functions for various travel services
suppliers
• Advent of the internet as a source of
information, e-rates, and online
bookings and confirmations directly with
the vendors

TOUR OPERATOR

An enterprise regularly engaged in the business

of inbound and/or local tour operations such as
making online reservations, arranging and
booking transportation and accommodation,
handling and/or conducting tours for a fee,
commission, or any form of remuneration.

TRAVEL AGENCY 4 FUNCTIONS

An enterprise regularly engaged in the business • General Administration

of providing services such as • Personnel
reservations/bookings, documentation of travel • Accounting
papers, sales and/or issuance of tickets, and • Finance
selling of outbound tours for a fee, commission,
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
or any form of remuneration
Legal aspects of the organization, purchase and
maintenance, insurance, formulation of
company policies & sops
PERSONNEL SECTION • To change reservations when itineraries
are amended
• Hiring policies and compensation
• Look for alternative suppliers in the
schemes
same level of service in case the
ACCOUNTING SECTION preferred supplier is not available
• Monitor issuance of travel vouchers and
• Handles all records Including permits,
tickets
licenses and is responsible for the
• Act as a backup to the ticketing Officer
Custody of accountable Forms
THE TICKETING OFFICER
FINANCE SECTION
• Check the accuracy of travel documents
• Acts as a custodian of all money
• Reissue tickets when required
collected and disbursed
• Act as a backup to the travel counselor
OPERATIONS
THE LIAISON OFFICER
The core of the Travel Agency business
• Determines what visas and other
• Engaged in the efficient and effective documents are required for travel
delivery of the organization’s services. • Check the authenticity of all documents
• For larger-sized TMCS operations are submitted
divided into 2: Travel Operations and • Checks all relevant support papers.
Tour Operations

THE TRAVEL COUNSELLOR

KINDS OF TRAVEL AGENCY
• Provides all necessary information
Conventional, full-service agencies
requested by prospective travelers
• Recommends products and services best • These agencies sell it all: Air, Lodging Car
suited to the travelers’ needs. Rentals, Rail Travel, Cruise Tour, Tours,
• Keep updated on new travel information and most other forms of travel packages.
and trends. • Customers can book and receive advice
• Fill out all travel information in the by phone, email, or visiting an agency in
booking card for travel. person.
• Relay all changes and confirmations to
Online agencies
clients
• Process refunds and processing fees • Online agencies operate almost
• Monitor processing of travel documents exclusively through their websites.
and ensure that they are all in order • These agencies concentrate on selling
prior to release to clients. travel commodities such as air, lodging,
and car rentals.
THE RESERVATIONS OFFICER
Corporate travel management
• Place all required reservations with
different suppliers • The travel agent like employees of this
• Follow up on reservations placed until division is usually called corporate travel
confirmed managers.
Corporate travel management personnel have
many duties. They do the following:

• Set corporate travel policy

• Plan meetings, conferences, and
convention programs
• Negotiate with suppliers
• Manage travel budgets
• Arrange personnel relocation and
housing
• Communicate with management in
other departments of the corporation
TOURISM POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Plan
- a set of decisions about how to do
something in the future
Tourism Planning
- A deliberate process for identifying the
activities that enable a tourism
enterprise or destination to realize its
goals.
Nature of Tourism Planning
TOURISM SITES - specific places that tourists
come to see and experience.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT CLUSTERS - areas that
have a sufficient number and range of tourism
sites with the capacity to meet long-term
development possibilities.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AREAS - consist of at
least one, but more usually several tourism sites.
STRATEGIC DESTINATION AREAS – a group of
priority TDAs that are adjacent to each other and
are within their respective clusters.
Short-term one to two years
Medium-term up to five years
Long-term 10 years or more
Tourism planning is consultative.
- Local Government Units (LGUs)
- Department of Tourism (DOT)
- Other involved stakeholders
IMPORTANCE OF TOUR ISM PLANNING
- Fundamental to having a good tourism
development program
- establishes a timeline for meeting
development targets
- provides a legal basis for the approval of
requests for infrastructure projects,
technical and financial assistance by the
government and private and NGOs
PLANNING VS DEVELOPMENT
Good Plan - will have a well-chosen and
complete set of development components.
Flawed Plan - will have a poorly chose or
incomplete set of development components.
STEPS IN TOURISM PLANNING
STEP 1: SITUATION ANALYSIS
- SWOT
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
- Microenvironmental Factors
Internal to the planning unit
- Macroenvironmental Factors
external to the planning unit
STEP 2: SETTING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
Goals and objectives refer to what a destination
or an LGU wants to achieve after a certain period
of time.
STEP 3: FORMULATING STRATEGIES
Strategies tell us how to go from where we are
to where we want to be.
STEP 4: DETERMINING AN ACTION PLAN
- Planners translate strategies into
action plans or implementation
plans.
- Action Plan - Programs, projects,
activities
STEP 5: MONITORING AND EVALUATION Control and Ownership of the Land

- Compare results with stated • Identify land ownership

objectives and goals. • Government-owned land
- Monitoring • Privately owned land
success indicators The government cannot fund privately owned
land, protected areas, indigenous people’s
targets per indicator
ancestral domain, or those under the
data sources for stated indicators Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program.

collection method • Protected Area Management Board

(PAMB)
frequency of collection
• IP Community Chieftain
responsible entity • National Commission for IPn (NCIP)
• Government cannot use public funds on
Preliminary Site Assessment
private property.
• Preliminary Site Evaluation (DENR DAO
All stakeholder groups must help formulate
2013-19)
tourism plans and share the benefits and even
• help provide a picture of how ready the
costs of developing a team.
• place is for tourism.
• Severe hurdles = Not proceed to full • Representatives of government
assessment. agencies, tourism officers, development
officers, the academe, religious sector,
MAJOR CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PRELIMINARY
NGOs, people's organizations, and
ASSESSMENT
private sectors.
Hazards and security issues • Micro-entrepreneurs, local transport
operators, PWDs, senior citizens,
• Lgus comprehensive land use Plans members of the LGBTQIA+ community,
(clup) and indigenous people
• Natural hazards
- Typhoons, storm surges, flooding, Advantages
Erosions, landslides, earthquakes,
• Educating stakeholders about the Value
Volcanic eruptions, and extreme
of tourism will help ease Resistance to
Heat
tourism development
- Evaluate in terms of frequency,
• Including stakeholders in decision-
Severity, and extent of affected
making process, opens opportunities for
areas.
livelihood, employment and businesses
• Man-made Hazards
on a fair set of guidelines
- Insurgency
• Non-economic benefits: improved
- Terrorism
infrastructure and public services will
- serious crimes
help create a positive tourism mindset
- infectious disease
development.
Significant Attractions in the Area

• Natural or cultural
• Uniqueness and Natural Beauty
• The rarer the better
Ex. Pink sand peaches

Planners must evaluate the resources relative to

the rest of the local economy and competitors or
neighboring towns and cities

Accessibility

• Infrastructure
• Enable visitors to reach the attractions
• Sites be no farther than two hours from
a gateway

Sensitivity

Environmental Critical Areas

• Mangrove forests
• Habitats of endangered animals
• Coral reefs
• Water bodies

Carrying capacity