Chen, Jet Eric Feedback

12 – Agate ICT  Refers to the response of the

receiver as to the message sent to
Oral Communication Reviewer
him/her
Communication – is the transmission of ideas
Dell Hymes’ Speaking Paradigm – a speaker
and emotions between or among persons with
must have a good command of the language he
the use of verbal and non-verbal cues
uses for communication
 Process by information is exchanged
between individuals through a common
system of individuals SPEAKING

Nature of Communication Setting – where and when

 Is a dynamic process  Venue – dictates the kind of clothes

 Is systematic
 Involves communicators
 Is irreversible
 Is proactive
 Is symbolic interaction
 Is individually construed
John Powel – communication works for those
who work at it
to be worn by the speaker
 Time – helps determine the needs
to be satisfied by the speaker
Participants
 Who
 They are both speaker and listeners
End

Process of communication  Why

 Single purpose in preparing the speech
 Message to Receiver to Feedback to
Sender Act
Sender  How
 Manner
 The Encoder
 The person who initiates the Key – how formal
communication process (Huff,2008)
Instrument
 He transmits the message to the
receiver  With what instrument or medium
Message  Voice

Norm
 Refers to the information conveyed
 “Heart of communication”  What
Receiver  Topic

Genre
 The decoder
 The one who tries to understand the  Which kind
message  Purpose of the oral discourse
 Menoy 2009 – Four Genres to the purpose
of Oral Discourse
Exposition – form of discourse that serves
to explain or inform
 A research paper on the causes and
effects of global warming
Description – form of discourse that serves
to describe or state characteristics of
something/someone
 A student’s description of his ideal
teacher
Narration – form of discourse that serves to
narrate or tell a story
 A narrative account of a student’s
near-death experience
Argumentation – form of discourse that
serves to argue or to persuade the audience
to change his mind
 A commercial advertisement
endorsing a student’s
“manufactured” product
Functions in Communication
 Regulation or Control
 Social Interaction
 Emotional Expression
 Motivation
 Information
Regulation or Control
 Control – means the power to regulate,
direct, or dominate
 Communication is an effective tool to
control the response of other people
 It may happen in a formal or an
informal setting
Formal setting – control comes from authority
hierarchies
Informal Setting – sets the stage for various
casual conversations that may influence the
moods and behavior
Social interaction
 Human being are social beings
 It is the most familiar and the primary
reason why people want to
communicate
 It allows people to be connected with
one another
Rapport – to establish rapport, do not talk
about your problems unless you are asked or
you have a valuable lesson to share
Emotional Expression
 Humans always need to express their
emotions verbally and nonverbally
Motivation
 Is defined as the power that drives a
person to accomplish a desired goal
 Purpose of the speaker here is to
persuade
Internal Motivation – comes from within; it is
something personal
External Motivation – emanates from the
outside or from the people surrounding
him/her
Information
 Used when the speaker wants to make
others aware of certain data
 Considered to be the principal function
of communication
How to give Correct information ABBABR
 Always tell the truth
 Be specific – specificity is clarity
 Be brief and direct to the point – avoid
being verbose
 Avoid using jargons
 Jargon – the technical terminology or o Noise is anything that disrupts,
characteristic idiom of a special activity or interferes with communication
group. process. Noise can be physical or
psychological (Collins 2009)
 Be precise – using the exact words at the
right time
 Remember – communication is ONLY
achieved if the receiver UNDERSTANDS the
message

Elements of communication SMCRFMCN

 Speaker – he is the person who decides

what to transmit, also called sender
 Message – the element transmitted in
communication, may consist of idea
 Channel – pathway through which the
message travels to reach its destination, the
channel may be oral, visual, or audio-visual
o Oral Channel – with the
involvement of speaking and
hearing
o Visual Channel – with the
involvement of sight, form of
pictures
o Audio-visual Channel – speaking,
hearing and sight, both visual and
oral
 Receiver – the one who receives, analyzes,
understands the message, may be called
LISTENER or DECODER
 Feedback – return process in
communication in which the interactors
give both verbal and non-verbal signals.
Feedback may be POSITIVE or NEGATIVE
 Medium – form which the speaker uses to
transmit his message
 Context – environment that surrounds the
communication. This includes the time,
venue, and occasion, as well as the
attitudes
 Noise – any obstacle or barrier that hinders
the speaking from delivery an effective
speech