PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name :______________________________ Date: ____________ Score:________

PRACTICAL RESEARCH I- G11

Quarter 4 – Week 3
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
Lesson: Methods of Data Collection for Qualitative Research

Objectives:
1. Identify the different methods of data collection for qualitative
research.
2. Differentiate the various types of data-gathering methods and their
tools and instruments.
3. Choose an appropriate data collection method for a research study.

CONCEPT

Data Collection Method includes the following:

1. Individual Interview
2. Group Interview
3. Observation
4. Survey or Questionnaire

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 ACTIVITY NO.1

Getting Started

Activity 1. Name the following devices and indicate how you think they can
be used in research.

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https://www.mytrendyphone.eu/shop/portable-digital-voice-138836p.html

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 Discussion

MOST FREQUENTLY USED DATA COLLECTIONS

Individual Interviews
Interviews are conversations that are designed to obtain specific
kinds of information. The skill of the interviewer is necessary to enable
the interviewee to express his or her thoughts. Life histories are also
needed in this area. These are the narrative self -disclosures about
individual’s life experiences.
Types of interview:
1. Unstructured. This can be in the form of normal
conversations or a freewheeling exchange of ideas.
2. Structured. The interviewer does not ask questions that are
not part of questionnaire but he or she asks the interviewee
to clarify his or her answers.
3. Semi-structured. There is a specific set of questions, but
there are also additional probes that may come in the form of
follow-up questions that are not included in the list of original
questions.
Group Interviews
Group interviews are interviews conducted with several
respondents simultaneously―ideally six to ten people. This method
may be used when a certain effect is desired, or a topic calls for it.
Types of group interview:
1. Focus groups- Participants in a focus group are selected by
the researcher according to specific sampling criteria.
2. Natural groups- The participants belong to the same group
that exists independently of the study.
Observation
This method enables the researcher to conduct research in an
immersive manner, collecting data on natural phenomena or behavior
as it occurs. The instrument often used in conjunction with this
method is called an observation checklist or observation guide.

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 Types of observation:
1. Structured. The researcher devices a checklist as a data
collection tool wherein expected behaviors of interest have
been specified. The researcher just records the frequency of
the occurrences of the behavior.’
2. Unstructured. This is performed by the researcher as he or
she tries to explain events without any preconceived ideas
what will be observed. The researcher observes things as they
happen.
Advantages of observation:
1. It is the most direct measure of behavior.
2. It provides direct information.
3. It is easy to complete and is efficient.
4. It can be used in natural or experimental things.
Disadvantages of observation:
1. It may require training.
2. It is susceptible to bias.
3. Observer’s presence may create an artificial situation.
4. It can potentially overlook meaningful aspects.
5. It is open to misinterpretation.
6. It is difficult to analyze.
Surveys
Surveys, also known as questionnaires, are perhaps the most
commonly used instrument in research―particularly in quantitative
research. It is a list of planned, written questions about a particular
topic, with spaces provided for the response to each question,
intended to be answered by a number of persons.
Classification of questionnaires:
1. Structured. If possible, answers are provided and
respondents just have to select from them.
2. Unstructured. If the questions are open-ended―no options
are provided and the respondents are free to answer however
the wish.
Structured interviews are generally used for quantitative
research, while unstructured questionnaires are more suited to
qualitative research.

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 Types of questions:
1. Yes or No type. Items are answerable by a yes or a no.
2. Recognition type. Fixed alternative answers are already
provided, the respondents simply choose from among the
given choices. It contains closed-ended questions.
3. Completion type. The respondents are asked to fill in the
blanks with the necessary information. Questions are open -
ended.
4. Coding type. Numbers are assigned to names, choices, and
other pertinent data. This entails the knowledge of statistics
on the part of the researcher, as statistical formula
application is necessary to arrive at the findings.
5. Subjective type. The respondents are free to give their
opinions about an issue of concern.

WORDINGS OF QUESTIONS
Nieswiadomy (2014), provides the following guidelines in
formulating questions:
1. Questions should be stated in affirmative rather than in a
negative manner.
2. Ambiguous questions, such as those which contain word like
many, usually, and few should be avoided.
3. Double negative questions, eg., “Don’t you disagree with the
idea that….?”, should be avoided.
4. Double-barreled questions, like when asking two questions
in one, should not be practiced. Example, “Do you want to
become the class president and seek a position in the student
counsil?”

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD DATA-COLLECTION

INSTRUMENT
1. It must be concise yet able to elicit the needed data.
According to Shelley (1984), the length of the questionnaire
must be two to four pages and the maximum time of
answering is ten minutes. Shelley added that a desirable
length of each questions is less than 20 words.
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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 2. It seeks information which cannot be obtained from other
sources like documents available at hand.
3. Questions must be arranged in sequence, from simplest to
the most complex.
4. It should pass validity and reliability tests.
5. It must be easily tabulated and interpreted.

SCALES COMMONLY USED IN AN INSTRUMENT

1. Likert scale. It is a common scaling technique which
consists of several declarative statements that express a
viewpoint on a topic. The respondents are asked to indicate
how much they agree or disagree with the statements.
2. Semantic Differential Scale. The respondents are asked to
rate concepts on a series of bipolar objectives. The
advantages in using this are that it is flexible and easy to
construct.

ACTIVITY NO. 2

Getting it Right

Directions: Complete the table by providing the required information.

Data Collection Method Tool Used Other Important

Information

1. Individual interview

2. Group interview

3. Observation

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 4. Survey

ACTIVITY NO. 3

Sparking
Directions: Think of one person that you always wanted to interview on a
certain subject. Write below at least 10 questions that you want to ask them.
Remember to apply the rules for the proper wording of a question.

Interviewee: ______________________________________________

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________________________________

7. _____________________________________________________________________

8. _____________________________________________________________________

9. _____________________________________________________________________

10. ____________________________________________________________________

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.
 REFERENCES

Cristobal Jr., A. & Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research 1 for Senior
High School, C & E Publishing, Inc.
Portable digital voice recorder sk-012. (n.d.). Retrieved May 11, 2021, from
https://www.mytrendyphone.eu/shop/portable-digital-voice-
138836p.html

Prepared by:

ALJON I. FERNANDO
City of Mandaluyong Science High School

Editors:

MARY JANE SP. YORO CLARISSA P. TIBAR JAYPEE G. CASIPIT

Master Teacher II, MHS Master Teacher II, ABIS Master Teacher II, MPNAG
Content Language Layout

Approved:

RAMON M. BELARDO JR.

Education Program Supervisor, English

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Q4 Week No.3 Competency Code: (CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Competency: Plan data collection and analysis procedures.