Dr.

Diyar Nasih
PhD in Structural Engineering
Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

1- Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams

Double Reinforced Beams: Introduction

 Practical and architectural considerations may dictate and limit beam sizes where by it
becomes necessary to develop more moment strength from a given cross section this
situation occurs, the ACI code, over and above the code maximum provided that
compression steel is also added in the compression zone of the cross section.
 Where beams span more than two supports considerations some times are reason for
the existence of main steel in compression zones.
 Compression reinforcement commonly, deflection control will be the reason for the
presence of compression steel.

The basic assumptions for the analysis those for tension reinforced beams. One
additional significant assumption compression steel stress fc’ compression steel.

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

Abstract of analysis of doubly reinforced sections:

First find (r & r max )then:

1)If (r £ r max ) (Analyze as singly reinforcement)

2) If (r > r max ) (Analyze as doubly reinforcement)

As A 's
r= , r '=
bd bd
Cc = 0.85f c'ab , Cs = A 's f s' , Ts = As f s
Cc + Cs = Ts
0.85f c'ab + A 's f s' = As f s
f c' æ 600 ÷ ö
rb = 0.85b1 çç ÷
fy çç600 + f ÷÷
è y ø

r max = 0.75rb
d'
f s' = 600 - (600 + f y ) £ f y
d
f s'
r 'b = rb + r '´
fy

The minimum tensile steel ratio (r 'lim ) that ensure yield of compression steel at
failure is:
f c' d ' 600
r 'lim = 0.85b1 ´ ´ + r'
f y d 600 - f y

The moment capacity of the section is :

æ aö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷÷
÷+ A 's f s' (d - d ') Nominal Moment
çè 2ø
Mu = f M n f = 0.90 Ultimate Moment

æb d ö
f s = 600çç 1 - 1÷÷
÷ when fs < f y
çè a ø
æ b d 'ö
f s' = 600çç1 - 1 ÷÷ when f s' < f y
çè a ÷ø

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

To finding the moment in the section is depending on the stresses in tension and
compression steel, which may be in four cases.
Case 1) Tension and compression steel both yields.
æf s = f y ö÷ æç
ö
f s' = f y ÷
çç ÷ ç ÷
b
÷ ççèr > r ' ÷
ççèr < r ' ø÷ ÷
ø lim
'
0.85f c ab + A 's f y = As f y
(As - A 's )f y
a=
0.85f c'b

Case 2) Tension steel will yield but compression steel will not yield.
æf s = f y ÷ ö æ
ç
ö
f s' < f y ÷
çç ÷ çç ÷
b
÷ çèr < r ' ÷
ççèr < r ' ø÷ ÷
ø lim

0.85f c'ab + A 's f s' = As f y

æ b d 'ö
0.85f c'ab + 600A 's çç1 - 1 ÷÷= As f y
çè a ø÷
Find the value of (a )

Case 3) Tension steel not will yield but compression steel will yield.
æf s < f y ö÷ æç
ö
f s' = f y ÷
çç ÷ ç ÷
b
÷ ççèr > r 'lim ÷
ççèr > r ' ø÷ ÷
ø
0.85f c'ab + A 's f y = As f s
æb d ö
0.85f c'ab + A 's f y = 600As çç 1 - 1÷÷
çè a ø÷
Find the value of (a )

Case 4) Tension and compression steel both not yields.

æf s < f y ö÷ æ
ç f s' < f y ö÷
çç ÷ çç ÷
ççèr > r ' ÷ ÷
bø
÷ èr < r 'lim ø÷
ç
0.85f c'ab + A 's f s' = As f s
æ b d 'ö æb1d ö÷
0.85f c'ab + 600A 's çç1 - 1 ÷÷= 6 00 A çç - 1 ÷
çè a ø÷ èç a ø÷
s

Find the value o f (a )

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

Example 1 : A rectangular beam has a width of (b=300 mm) and an effective depth to the centroid
of the tension reinforcement of (d=480 mm). The compression reinforcement
consisting of four 61mm bars is placed (d’=70 mm) from the compression face of the
beam. If fy=420 MPa and f’c=35 MPa, What the design moment capacity of the beam
when the tension reinforcement consists of :
1- Three  25 mm.
2- Six  32 mm.
3- Six  28 mm.
4- Eight  32 mm and clear cover 30 mm.
5- Eight  28 mm and fy = 470 Mpa.

Solution:
b1 = 0.85 - 0.008(f c' - 30)= b1 = 0.85 - 0.008(35 - 30)= 0.81

f c' æ 600 ö
÷ 35 æ ö
rb = 0.85b1 çç ÷ = 0.85´ 0.81´ çç 600 ÷ = 0.03375
çç 600 + f ÷ ÷
fy è y
÷
ø 420 çè600 + 420 ÷
ø
r max = 0.75rb = 0.75´ 0.03375 = 0.0253125

1- The tension reinforcement consists of three  25 mm.

p
As = 3´ ´ 252 = 1472.6 mm 2
4
A 1472.6
r= s = = 0.01023
bd 300 ´ 480
Q r < r max Analyze as singly reinforcemen t
As f y 1472.6 ´ 420
a= = = 69.3 mm
0.85f c b '
0.85´ 35 ´ 300
æ aö æ ö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷ ÷= 0.85 ´ 3 5 ´ 69.3 ´ 300 çç480 - 69.3 ÷
÷= 275.45 k N .m
çè 2 ø÷ èç 2 ÷ ø
M u = f M n = 0.9 ´ 275.45 = 247.9 kN .m

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

2- The tension reinforcement consists of six  32 mm.

p
As = 6 ´ ´ 322 = 4825.5 mm 2
4
A 4825.5
r= s = = 0.03351
bd 300 ´ 480
Q r > r max Analyze as doubly reinforcement

p
A 's = 4 ´ ´ 162 = 804.25 mm 2
4
A' 804.25
r '= s = = 0.005585
bd 300 ´ 480
f c' d ' 600
r 'lim = 0.85b1 ´ ´ + r'
f y d 600 - f y
35 70 600
r 'lim = 0.85´ 0.81´ ´ ´ + 0.005585 = 0.033476
420 480 600 - 420
d'
f s' = 600 - (600 + f y ) £ f y
d
70
f s' = 600 - (600 + 420)= 451.25Mpa £ fy
480
use f s' = f y
r 'b = rb + r '= 0.03375 + 0.005585 = 0.039335

Q r (0.03351)< r 'b (0.039335) Þ fs = f y

Q r (0.03351)> r 'lim (0.033476 ) Þ f s' = f y
\ Case 1
(As - A 's )f y (4825.5 - 804.25)´ 420
a= = = 189.24 mm
'
0.85f c b 0.85 ´ 35 ´ 300
æ aö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷÷+ A 's f y (d - d ')
çè 2÷
ø
æ 189.24 ö ÷
=0.85´ 35´ 189.24 ´ 300 çç480 - ÷+ 804. 25´ 420(480 - 70)= 789.4 kN .m
çè 2 ÷ ø
M u = f M n = 0.9 ´ 789.4 = 710.4 kN .m

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

3- The tension reinforcement consists of six  28 mm.

p
As = 6 ´ ´ 282 = 3694.5 mm 2
4
A 3694.5
r= s = = 0.025656
bd 300 ´ 480
Q r > r max Analyze as doubly reinforcement
Q r (0.025656)< r 'b (0.039335) Þ fs = f y
Q r (0.025656)< r 'lim (0.033476) Þ f s' < f y

\ Case 2
600A 's - f y As 600 ´ 804.25 - 420 ´ 3694.5
a1 = = = - 59.896
1.7f c'b 1.7 ´ 35 ´ 300
2040b1f c'A 's bd ' 2040 ´ 0.81´ 35 ´ 804.25 ´ 300 ´ 70
a2 = 2
= 2
= 0.854524
(600A 's - f y As ) (600 ´ 804.25 - 420 ´ 3694.5)
( ) (
a = a1 m 1 + a 2 - 1 = - 59.896 - 1 + 0.854524 - 1 = 141.5 mm )
æ b d 'ö æ 0.81´ 70 ö÷
f s' = 600çç1 - 1 ÷ ÷ = 600 ç1 - ÷= 359.6 Mpa
çè a ÷ ø èçç 141.5 ø÷
æ aö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷ ÷+ A ' f '
(d - d ')
çè 2 ø÷
s s

æ 141.5 ö÷
= 0.85´ 35´ 141.5´ 300 ´ çç480 - ÷+ 804.25 ´ 359.6 ´ (480 - 70)= 528.67 kN .m
çè 2 ø÷
M u = 0.9 ´ 528.67 = 475.8 kN .m

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

4- The tension reinforcement consists of eight  32 mm and clear cover 30 mm.

p
As = 8´ ´ 322 = 6434 mm 2
4
A 6434
r= s = = 0.04468
bd 300 ´ 480
Q r > r max Analyze as doubly rein forceme nt
Q r (0.04468)> r 'b (0.039335) Þ fs < f y
Q r (0.04468)> r 'lim (0.033476) Þ f s' = f y
\ Case 3
f y A 's + 600As 420 ´ 804.25 + 600 ´ 6434
a1 = = = 235.1924
'
1.7f c b 1.7 ´ 35´ 300
2040b1f c'As bd 2040 ´ 0.81´ 35 ´ 6434 ´ 300 ´ 480
a2 = 2
= 2
= 3.04
(f y A 's + 600As ) (420 ´ 804.25 + 600 ´ 6434)
a = a1 ( ) ( )
1 + a 2 - 1 = 235.1924 1 + 3.04 - 1 = 237.55 mm
æb d ö æ0.81´ 480 ö
f s = 600çç 1 - 1÷
÷
÷ = 600 çç - 1÷÷= 382 Mpa
çè a ø èç 237.55 ø÷

æ aö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷÷
÷+ A 's f s' (d - d ')
çè 2ø
æ 237.55 ö
÷
= 0.85´ 35´ 237.55 ´ 300 ´ çç480 - ÷+ 804.25 ´ 420 ´ (480 - 70 )= 904.34 kN .m
÷
çè 2 ø
M u = 0.9 ´ 904.34 = 813.9 kN .m

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

5- The tension reinforcement consists of eight  28 mm and fy = 470 MPa.

f c' æ 600 ÷ ö 35 æ ö
rb = 0.85b1 çç ÷ = ´ ´ çç 600 ÷
fy çç600 + f ÷÷ 0.85 0.81
470 ç
è 600 + 470 ÷= 0.02875
÷
ø
è y ø

r max = 0.75rb = 0.75 ´ 0.02875 = 0.021563

p A 4926
As = 8´ ´ 282 = 4926 mm 2 r= s = = 0.03421
4 bd 300 ´ 480
Q r > r max Analyze as doubly reinfor cem ent
f c' d ' 600
r 'lim = 0.85b1 ´ ´ + r'
f y d 600 - f y
35 70 600
r 'lim = 0.85´ 0.81´ ´ ´ + 0.005585 = 0.0401
470 480 600 - 470
d'
f s' = 600 - (600 + f y ) £ f y
d
70
f s' = 600 - (600 + 470)= 444 Mpa £ fy
480
f s' 444
r 'b = rb + r '´ = 0.02875 + 0.005585 ´ = 0.03403
fy 470
Q r (0.03421)> r 'b (0.0340 3) Þ fs < f y
Q r (0.03421)< r 'lim (0.0401) Þ f s' < f y
\ Case 4
600(A 's + As ) 600 (804.25 + 4926 )
a1 = = = 192.61
1.7f c'b 1.7 ´ 35 ´ 300
1.7b1f c'b (A 's d '+ As d ) 1.7 ´ 0.81´ 35 ´ 300 ´ (804.25 ´ 70 + 4926 ´ 480 )
a2 = 2
= 2
= 3.553
300(A 's + As ) 300(804.25 + 4926 )
a = a1 ( ) ( )
1 + a 2 - 1 = 192.61 1 + 3. 553 - 1 = 218.4 mm

æb d ö æ0.81´ 480 ö÷
f s = 600çç 1 - 1÷ ÷= 600 ç - 1÷ = 468 Mpa
çè a ø÷ èçç 218.4 ø÷
æ b d 'ö æ 0.81´ 70 ö÷
f s' = 600çç1 - 1 ÷÷ = 600 ç1 - ÷= 444 Mpa
çè a ø÷ èçç 218.4 ø÷
æ aö
M n = 0.85f c'ab ççd - ÷÷
÷+ A 's f s' (d - d ')
çè 2ø
æ 218.4 ö÷
= 0.85´ 35´ 218.4 ´ 300 ´ çç480 - ÷+ 804.25 ´ 444 ´ (480 - 70)= 869.2 kN .m
çè 2 ø÷
M u = 0.9 ´ 869.2 = 782.28 kN .m
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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

Example 2 : The simply supported beam has span 10m and a rectangular section width (350mm)
and effective depth (500mm). Design this beam to carry a service dead load (include
self-weight) (26 kN/m) and a service live load (38 kN/m) . If fy=420 MPa and f’c=35
MPa.

Solution :
Wu = 1.2 ´ W D + 1.6 ´ W L = 1.2 ´ 26 + 1.6 ´ 38 = 92 kN / m
Wu ´ L2 92 ´ 92
M applied = = = 931.5 kN .m
8 8
b1 = 0.85 - 0.008(f c' - 30)= b1 = 0.85 - 0.008 (35 - 30 )= 0.81

f c' æ 600 ö ÷ 35 æ ö
rb = 0.85b1 çç ÷ = ´ ´ çç 600 ÷
fy çç 600 + f ÷÷ 0.85 0.81
420 ç
è 600 + 420 ÷= 0.03375
÷
ø
è y ø

r max = 0.75rb = 0.75´ 0.03375 = 0.0253125

æ f ö
M u 1 = f r max f y bd 2 çç1 - r max y ' ÷ ÷
÷
çè ÷
1.7f c ø
æ 420 ö ÷
= 0.90 ´ 0.0253125 ´ 420 ´ 350 ´ 5002 çç1 - 0.0253125 ´ ÷= 687.6 kN . m
÷
çè 1.7 ´ 35 ø
Q M u 1 < M applied \ Design as Doubly reinforced section
As 1 = r maxbd = 0.0253125´ 350 ´ 500 = 4430 mm 2
As 1f y 4430 ´ 420
a= = = 178.7 mm Use d ' = 60 mm
0.85f c b '
0.85 ´ 35 ´ 350
æ b d 'ö æ 0.81´ 60 ö÷
f s' = 600çç1 - 1 ÷ ÷= 600 ç1 - ÷= 437 Mpa > f y \ f s' = f y
çè ÷
a ø èçç 178.7 ø÷
M u 2 = M applied - M u 1 = 931.5- 687.6 = 243.9 kN .m
M u 2 ´ 106 243.9 ´ 106
A 's = = = 1466.5 mm 2
f f y (d - d ') 0.90 ´ 420 ´ (500 - 60)
As = As 1 + A 's = 4430 + 1466.5 = 5896.5 mm 2 (Use 6f 36 mmTwo Layers )
Compression (Use 3f 25mmTwo Layers )
h = 500 + 12.5 + 36 + 10 + 40 = 600 mm

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

Example 3 : Design a reinforced concrete rectangular section width (300mm) and depth (600mm).
The service dead moment (include self-weight) (250 kN.m) and the service live
moment (400 kN.m) . If fy=414 MPa and f’c=28 MPa. Assume d’=75 mm if needed.

Solution :
M applied = 1.2 ´ M D + 1.6 ´ M L = 1.2 ´ 250 + 1.6 ´ 400 = 940 kN .m

f c' æ 600 ö ÷ 28 æ 600 ö

rb = 0.85b1 çç ÷ = ´ ´ ç ÷
çç600 + f ÷ 0.85 0.85 ççè ÷= 0.02891
fy è ÷
y ø 414 600 + 414 ÷
ø
r max = 0.75rb = 0.75 ´ 0.02891 = 0.021686
d = h - 100 = 500 mm
æ f ö
÷
M u 1 = f r max f y bd 2 çç1 - r max y ÷
'÷
çè 1.7f ÷
ø
c

æ 414 ö ÷
= 0.90 ´ 0.021686 ´ 414 ´ 300 ´ 5002 çç1 - 0.021686 ´ ÷= 491.7 kN . m
çè 1.7 ´ 28 ÷
ø
Q M u 1 < M applied \ Design as Doubly reinforced section
As 1 = r maxbd = 0.021686 ´ 300 ´ 500 = 3253 mm 2
As 1f y 3253´ 414
a= = = 188.62 mm
0.85f c b '
0.85 ´ 28 ´ 300
æ b d 'ö æ 0.85 ´ 75 ö÷
f s' = 600çç1 - 1 ÷ ÷= 600 ç1 - ÷= 397.2 Mpa
çè ÷
a ø èçç 188.62 ø÷
M u 2 = M applied - M u 1 = 940 - 491.7 = 448.3 kN .m
M u 2 ´ 106 448.3´ 106
A 's = = = 2951 mm 2
f f s (d - d ') 0.90 ´ 397.2 ´ (500 - 75)
'

As = As 1 + A 's = 3253 + 2951 = 6204 mm 2 (Use 8f 32 mmTwo L ayers )

Compression (Use 4f 32mmTwo Layers )

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Analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams Reinforced Concrete Design

H.W.1: A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm, and effective depth d=570 mm to centroid of
tension steel bars. Tension steel reinforcement consist of 628mm in two rows,
compression reinforcement of 222mm. Calculate the design moment strength of the
beam, where f’c=48 MPa , fy=420 MPa. (Mu=822 kN.m Ans)
H.W.2: A rectangular beam has a width of 350 mm, and effective depth d=570 mm to centroid of
tension steel bars. Tension steel reinforcement consist of 632mm in two rows,
compression reinforcement of 325mm. Calculate the design moment strength of the
beam, where f’c=35 MPa , fy=420 MPa. (Mu=911 kN.m Ans)
H.W.3: A rectangular beam has a width of 400 mm, and effective depth d=700 mm to centroid of
tension steel bars. Tension steel reinforcement consist of 436mm in two rows,
compression reinforcement of 222mm. Calculate the design moment strength of the
beam, where f’c=21 MPa , fy=420 MPa, d’=15mm. (Mu=927 kN.m Ans)
H.W.4: A beam section is limited to a width of 250 mm, and total depth h=550 mm, and has to resist
a factored moment 307 kN.m .Calculate the required reinforcement, given f’c=21 MPa ,
fy=350 MPa, d’=15mm. (As=545mm, As’=422 mm Ans)
H.W.5: A beam section is limited to a width of 300 mm, and total depth h=500 mm, and has to resist
a factored moment 205 kN.m .Calculate the required reinforcement, given f’c=48 MPa ,
fy=420 MPa . (As=645mm, As’=425 mm Ans)
H.W.6: Design the steel reinforcement for flexural for the beam shown in the fig. below. Given
f’c=48 MPa , fy=420 MPa .

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