Thank you for coming today

My name is Mykola Khranovskyi. And current topic is WAYS TO

INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE LIDAR SCANSYSTEM OF
THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS

Modern 3D-scanners are high-tech devices, the main purpose of which is to

create three-dimensional models of various physical objects. 3D scanners allow
you to measure linear dimensions with high accuracy and determine the
geometric shape of any object, and then create a three-dimensional digital
model. Then in computer programs with this 3D model, you can perform any
manipulations and calculations.
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In industry, one of the main areas of application of 3D-scanners - reverse
engineering (reverse engineering). When designing almost any industrial
product - from a car to a toothbrush - usually do a lot of iterations until you get
the optimal shape. In industry, various types of 3D scanners are also used to
control the quality and other parameters of finished products. In science, 3D
scanners are used, for example, in archeology and paleontology to reproduce the
shapes of various ancient objects and the appearance of minerals of living
beings. 3D-scanners help to create accurate models of any works of art:
sculptures, statuettes, jewelry and other products, as well as paintings in original
frames. In medicine, 3D-scanners are used to obtain the parameters of the body
of a particular patient in the design of orthopedic shoes, corsets, prostheses and
various individual medical devices. 3D-scanning technologies are widely used
in the cinematography, animation and gaming industries. 3D-scanning of
premises and buildings is an important stage of interior design. The resulting
three-dimensional models are the basis for laying utilities, design of buildings
and premises, selection and placement of furniture and equipment.
Different types of radar are used to perform such work: optical, acoustic and
laser
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THE PRINCIPLE OF RADAR WORK

PROS AND CONS

Radar has the ability to penetrate clouds, fogs, mist, and even snow. The radar
technology signals are strong enough to pass through the snow, fog, and clouds.
Therefore, even in adverse weather conditions, it’s still able to collect data.
Radar signals can pass through insulators. There are materials such as rubber or
plastic which are considered insulators. These materials cannot interfere with
the data collection process of the radar signals. They penetrate through them
and capture the required data. BUT Low resolution (several meters at a distance
of 100 meters). Thats make radars useless in scanning of 3d-objects.

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PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL 3D SCANNERS

Many optical 3D scanners allow you to obtain data not only on the location of
points, but also on their colors, which differs from laser 3D scanners. BUT
Optical scanners on a tripod are difficult to use to study large objects, Another
disadvantage of "optics" is that it does not cope well with creating copies of
black and shiny objects

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The principle of work of lidars

Laser 3D scanners (Lidars) consist of components responsible for determining

distance, positioning, spatial orientation, creating a cloud of points, and the
signal emitter and receiver. [1]
The distance determination system consists of a laser and a spectrum
analyzer. The laser creates and sends a light flux that returns to the receiver.
Also, the laser simultaneously sends a signal to the database to create a
timestamp, which is used to compare the information provided by the receiver.
 Lidar
Description
attribute

The return strength of the laser pulse that generated the lidar
Intensity
point.

An emitted laser pulse can have up to five returns

depending on the features it is reflected from and the
Return
capabilities of the laser scanner used to collect the data. The
number
first return will be flagged as return number one, the second
as return number two, and so on.

The number of returns is the total number of returns for a

Number of
given pulse. For example, a laser data point may be return
returns
two (return number) within a total number of five returns.

Every lidar point that is post-processed can have a

classification that defines the type of object that has
Point
reflected the laser pulse. Lidar points can be classified into
classificatio
a number of categories including bare earth or ground, top
n
of canopy, and water. The different classes are defined
using numeric integer codes in the LAS files.

The GPS time stamp at which the laser point was emitted
GPS time
from the aircraft. The time is in GPS seconds of the week.

The scan angle is a value in degrees between -90 and +90.

At 0 degrees, the laser pulse is directly below the aircraft at
nadir. At -90 degrees, the laser pulse is to the left side of the
Scan angle
aircraft, while at +90, the laser pulse is to the right side of
the aircraft in the direction of flight. Most lidar systems are
currently less than ±30 degrees.

Scan The scan direction is the direction the laser scanning mirror
direction was traveling at the time of the output laser pulse. A value
of 1 is a positive scan direction, and a value of 0 is a
 Lidar
Description
attribute

negative scan direction. A positive value indicates the

scanner is moving from the left side to the right side of the
in-track flight direction, and a negative value is the
opposite.

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The reflected signal enters the spectrum analyzer. Together with the
wavelength, time of signal reception and angle of refraction, the information is
transmitted to the database, where it is grouped and compared. The database
also receives information from the GPS unit on the location, position and
dynamics of the system. The entire flow of information is stored in the database,
which creates an array of points of the object of varying complexity [2, 3].

Since creating an array of data requires significant resources for processing and
storage of data, it is rational to take advantage of the unlimited possibilities of
cloud services. Thus, the system receives many benefits. It is more profitable to
use cloud capacities than to keep your own ones. Such storage gives users
instant access to a wide range of resources and applications hosted in another
organization's infrastructure through a web service interface. They can
significantly simplify the requirements for the system, and increase user
usability in combination with the mobile application. Cloud storage services can
be accessed via a web service interface (API) or applications that use an API.
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The use of ARI significantly increases the convenience of the system. The user
can access the results through the mobile application for instant viewing
anywhere, anytime. You can also work on the object in detail via a personal
computer using the power of the server. All you need is access to the Internet.
CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of the system has a number of significant advantages over

cloud storage. Moreover, it provides users with instant access to a wide range of
resources and applications hosted in another organisation's infrastructure via the
interface of the Web service. The use of an API significantly increases the
usability of the system, as the user is provided with the necessary access to the
results via a mobile application for instant viewing at any convenient time.