Department of Education

National Capital Region

Schools Division of Parañaque City
Self-Learning Modules
Mathematics 10 Quarter 1 Week 3

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

The learner…
a. illustrates a geometric sequence. (M10AL-ld-1)
b. differentiates a geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence.
(M10AL-ld-2)

Objectives
The learner…
a. illustrates geometric sequence.
b. determines the next terms of a geometric sequence.
c. differentiates geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence.
d. differentiates a finite geometric sequence from an infinite geometric
sequence.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Arithmetic Sequence

A sequence in where every term after the first is obtained by ADDING a contant
called the COMMON DIFFERENCE.
EXAMPLES

a. 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, _____, _____ Arithmetic because adding 3
Answer: 25, 28 to any term produces the next
term

b. 4, 0, −4, −8, −12, −16, _____, _____ Arithmetic because adding −4

Answer: −20, −24 to any term produces the next
term

c. −24, −8, 8, 24, 40, 56, _____, _____ Arithmetic because adding 16
Answer: 72, 88 to any term produces the next
term

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TAKE NOTE
❖ The common difference, 𝒅, can be determined by SUBTRACTING
any term in the sequence by the term that precedes it.
❖ Formula for the 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of an Arithmetic Sequence
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1) 𝑑
Where: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑎1 = 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

Example: Find the 10𝑡ℎ term of the arithmetic sequence −8, −4, 0, 4, 8, …
Solution:
𝑑 = 𝑎2 − 𝑎1 𝑑 = −4 − (−8) = 4 Common Difference
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 Formula for the nth term
𝑎10 = −8 + (10 − 1) 4
𝑎10 = −8 + (9) 4
𝑎10 = −8 + 36
𝑎10 = 28 Answer

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Geometric Sequence

A sequence in where each term after the first is obtained by MULTIPLYING the
preceding term by a nonzero constant called the COMMON RATIO.

To find the common ratio, 𝒓, simply DIVIDE the second term by the first term
of the sequence.
EXAMPLES

a. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, _____, _____ common ratio is 2

ans. 192, 384

b. 18, −54, 162, −486, 1458, _____, _____ common ratio is −3

ans. −4374, 13122

10 20 40 80 2
c. 5, 3
, , ,
9 27 81
, _____, _____ common ratio is 3
160 320
ans. 243, 729

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Let’s Apply

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
A. Find the missing terms in each geometric sequence.
1 3 9 27
1) 4, 4, 4, , ___, ___
4
67 67 67
2) ___, ___, 67, , , ,…
2 4 8

3) 9, ___, 36, −72, __, −288

56 112 224
4) 7, ___, ___, , ,
125 625 3125

5) ___, 100, 400, 1600, 6400, _____, …

ARITHMETIC OR GEOMETRIC
B. Tell whether each of the following sequences is arithmetic or geometric.
1) −5, 20, −80, 320, −1280, …
______________________________
13 14 16
2) 4, , , 5, ,…
3 3 3

______________________________

3) √4, −4√2, 16, −32√2, …

______________________________
3 3 3 3
4) 3, 2, 4, 8, 16, …

______________________________
5) 9, 33, 57, 81, 105, …
______________________________

Let’s Analyze
Difference between finite and infinite geometric sequence.
Finite Infinite
Geometric Sequence Geometric Sequence
A sequence that has a common ratio A sequence that has a common ratio
and has a definite number of terms. and has NO definite number of terms.
3 3 3 3 3 3
12 , 6 , 3 , , , 12 , 6 , 3 , , , , …
2 4 8 2 4 8
COMMON RATIO COMMON RATIO
1 3 1
r=2 𝒂𝟏 = 12 𝒂𝒏 = 8 r=2 𝒂𝟏 = 12 𝒂𝒏 =?

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3 3 3
12 , 6 , 3 ,, , ,…
2 4 8
1
r=2 𝒂𝟏 = 12 𝒂𝒏 =?

FINITE AND INFINITE GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

C. State whether each of the following geometric sequences is finite or infinite.

27 81 8
1) 9 , , 16 , . . . , 5
4

_________________________
3 3 3 3
2) 3, 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , …

_________________________
3) number of cells in the cell division
_________________________
4) 12% interest compounded annually for a 3-year money loan
_________________________
5) doubling the weekly savings amount for 10 weeks
_________________________

Let’s Create
Construct three different finite and infinite geometric sequence with common ratio of
3
4, 5 and 4, respectively.
Common Infinite Geometric
Finite Geometric Sequence
Ratio Sequence
4

3
4

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1) What is the next term in the geometric sequence 3, −9, 27, −81?
A. −243 B. 234 C. 243 D. −234

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1
2) What is the 6𝑡ℎ term of the geometric sequence , 2 , 20 , 200 , . . . ?
5
A. 2 000 B. 20 000 C. 200 000 D. 2 000 000

3) Find the 8𝑡ℎ term of a geometric sequence where the third term is 25 and the
common ratio is 4?
A. 200 B. 600 C. 6 400 D. 25 600

3 3 3 3
4) What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence − 6 , − 8 , − 4 , − 2 , …?
1 1
A. 2 B. 2 C. -2 D. − 2

5) Which of the following is an infinite geometric sequence?

3
A. 50, 55, 60, 65, … C. , 9, 54, 324, 1944, …
2
B. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, … D. 17, 34, 68, 136, 272

6) Which of the following is a finite geometric sequence?

A. 2.5, 7.5, 22.5, 67.5 C. −20, −14, −8, −2, 4
1 1 1
B. 5, 7, 12, 19, 31, 50 D. 4, 2, 1, 2, 4, 8, ...

2
7) The fourth term of a geometric sequence is 5. If the common ratio is 4, find the
𝑎1 .
1 1 1 8
A. B. C. D.
10 40 160 5

8) During this pandemic, a COVID confirmed cases starts at 2, 12, and 72 on the
first, second and third DOH updates. If it continues to update at this rate, how
many confirmed cases have during the seventh DOH update?
A. 432 B. 2 592 C. 15 552 D. 93 312

for items 9-10

The third term of a geometric sequence is 567, and the fourth term is 5103.
9) Find the common ratio.
A. 9 B. 3 C. 7 D. 2

10) Find the first term and the fifth term.

A. 142 and 10 206 C. 63 and 15 309
B. 11.57 and 35 721 D. 7 and 45 927

Solve the following.

The fifth term of a geometric sequence is 64 and the fourth term is 32.
11) Find the constant ratio.
______________________________________________________

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12) Find the first term.

______________________________________________________

The fifth term of a geometric sequence is 243 and the sixth term is 729
13) Find the constant ratio.
______________________________________________________
14) Find the first term and seventh term.
______________________________________________________

15) Find the fifth term of a geometric sequence with 1st term is 4 and common
ratio 5.
______________________________________________________

State whether each of the following sequences is geometric or not.

16) 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, …

17) 11, 22, 44, 88, 176, …

1 1 1 1
18) 2 , 4 , 8 , 16 , …

19) 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, …

4 8 16 32
20) 9 , 27 , 81 , 243 , …