Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

City of Ilagan Campus

FINAL EXAMINATION in GEC 7

(Ethics)
2 Sem. SY 2021-2022
nd

Tristan Jerald B. Bechayda

Name: __________________________________ BSA-2A Score
Year. & Section________

TEST I. TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
TRUE
______________1. Any action that sustain and cultivates one’s biological or physical existence
is to be deemed good.
TRUE
______________2. While all actions that lead to the destruction of one’s existence is to be
called bad or evil.
TRUE
______________3. The word Eudaimonia is referring to the end arm or to the ultimate purpose
of human being.
FALSE
______________4. On the realm of self, one must not only pay attention to oneself but also on
how to interact with others.
TRUE
______________5. The third step in moral development is when one begins to act according to
what the large group he/she belongs to expects of.
TRUE
______________6. Social contracts namely are the agreements that rational agents have
arrived at weather explicitly or implicitly to serve what ought to follow.
TRUE
______________7. The fifth stage represents the individual’s realization that the rational
principles has rationally arrived at take precedence over the rules that the society detects.
FALSE
______________8. Kohlhergs moral development has 3 stages and 6 levels.
TRUE
______________9. Different cultures have different ways of doing things therefore cultures
may hold certain values in common.
TRUE
______________10. Many people assume that what the teaching of their religion define what
is” right or wrong” or “good or bad”.
TRUE
______________11. “Who one is” is a product of many forces and events that happened
outside of ones choosing.
TEST II. ESSAY:
1. How self, society and environment affects the behavior of one man? Give 3 example
for each and its implication. (5pts)
For me, people's lives are shaped by self, environment, society in countless ways. Let me
first start with the “self”. This impacts how you think other people see you, therefore you
modify your interactions according on that perception. The "looking-glass self" is the
sociological name for this. Where a lot of my clients get stuck is that this starts to become a
self-fulfilling loop where you act according to how you think other people see you, which then
causes other people to see you in that light.
ANS.
Second is the effect of society as a whole and in each of its component sections affects how
their parents, teachers, friends, classmates, and coworkers think and behave as well as how
their employers, other members of their community, their local, state, and federal
governments, and their employers' employees think and act.
The last one is the effect of environment to once behavior. According to science, "the
environment" refers to everything that surrounds a person. In common speech today, it usually
refers to the natural world and the occurrences that have an impact on people and all other
living things.
Every second, nature causes changes in the physical world. A continuum exists between
these two extremes, with some alterations being minor and innocuous, some being fatal, and
yet others falling somewhere in between.
Every species on earth has different structural and behavioral adaptations that enable
them to flourish in their natural habitats. When new changes occur, they have an impact on
how well such adaptations work and push creatures, including people, to adjust their behavior
in order to survive. Those who can't adjust to significant changes run the danger of dying.

2. According to Lawrence Kohlherg moral development, there is a big difference between

a young child reasoning on the right thing to do and the manner a morally mature
individual arrives at an ethical decision. Cite the 3 levels of moral development
including its stages and discuss each. (5pts)
ANS.
The moral reasoning that is often taught in primary schools is the first level. People
behave in accordance with societal standards because an authority person has advised them to
at the initial stage of this level such as parent or teacher. The use of punishment or the fear of it
is used to coerce this obedience. The belief that behaving in one's own best interests
constitutes moral action characterizes the second stage of this level.
 The initial stage of this level (stage 3) is defined by an attitude that tries to accomplish
what will get the favor of others. This level is called "conventional" since it is widely prevalent in
society. The second stage is focused on following the law and carrying out one's civic duties.

Kohlberg believed that most individuals do not reach the third stage of moral thought.
The initial level of it (stage 5) is the comprehension of social reciprocity and a sincere concern
for the wellbeing of others. The last step (stage 6) is founded on adherence to fundamental
moral standards and personal conscience. Kohlberg had some candidates for Stage 6 and
always thought it existed, but he was never able to gather enough people to describe it or even
track their longitudinal movement toward it.

3. How culture and religion affects the way people act? What are the factors considering
its environment that molds being to its becoming? (5pts)\
ANS.
Our culture affects how we live, work, and play as well as how we see ourselves and other
people. Our moral standards what we deem acceptable and wrong are impacted. This is how
the society in which we live affect the decisions we make. But our actions can also have an
impact on other people and, in the end, help to shape our society.
Religious attendance is associated to a healthy, stable family life, robust marriages, and
well-behaved children. Religious worship also reduces the prevalence of domestic abuse,
criminality, substance misuse, and addiction.
These experiences, environment, and even inheritance impact our beliefs and attitudes.
These ideas then influence our conduct and guide our actions. Beliefs that are widely held form
part of our culture and, in many ways, shape the society in which we live.

4. Discuss how telos gives Eudaimonia to you as a future educator. Cite 3 telos you have
and how you going to do it for if it becomes your Eudaimonia? (9pts)
ANS.
I had a lot of influences throughout the years, and I made bad decisions. What society
expected of me deceived me, and the pressure to succeed was so severe that I burnt out.
Parents, religion, friends, and other sources of information provide counsel to young adults. I've
come to the conclusion that the most significant decisions a person can make must originate
from inside. Regret will undoubtedly follow if a decision, whether professional, academic, or
even for a spouse, is dependent on the views of others.
 For me, happiness is the "end goal" toward which all of our apparent aims are aimed:
 I want to reduce weight and be in shape so that I can embrace myself completely and
find serenity.
 My ambition is to complete my studies as soon as feasible in order to provide for
myself and my family.
 I want to develop and operate a profitable business sooner or later because I want to
live a secure and happy life.

The visible objective in life is only a proxy for pleasure, security, and peace of mind.

Nothing anybody has ever done, achieved, or purchased has ever made them happy for an
extended period of time.

All objectives, once attained, lose their luster and power to make us happy - frequently in a matter
of hours, days, or years.

Having pleasure as a goal is like to declaring I want only mountain peaks and no troughs. All land
would be level if we just had mountain peaks and no valleys.

Have you observed anything that is static? Things that have died.

When you remove life, you are left with static objects, because all live things and systems are
dynamic (and even dead things are not completely static).

All life ebbs and flows as a result of its inherent essence.

This includes our mental condition.

Just as the weather varies from one minute to the next, so does our mental state.

We can be joyful, tranquil, and satisfied one minute, only to become discontented, nervous, and
unhappy the next, despite the fact that nothing in our circumstances has changed.

As a result, the difficulty with happiness as a goal is analogous to declaring your aim is that it is only
sunny outside.

This will never happen, but whenever you are happy, you will undoubtedly look about at your
surroundings and think about ways to produce more happiness.

But there are no hints to be discovered there, just as you will never be able to control the weather
no matter how much you study it.

In other words, happiness as a goal is pointless because pleasure is beyond our control.

In fact, the more you try to control it, the less satisfied you will become, since control is a weapon
of fear. It's how fear attempts to take control of this terrifying, unpredictable world.
What fear fails to see is that all of our attempts to control just serve to strengthen our fear; after all,
why would we strive to control things if there was nothing to fear?

If I may, instead of attempting to achieve happiness, recognize and accept that the essence of life -
and the human experience - is that it ebbs and flows.

Sadness, uncertainty, jealousy, annoyance, or anxiety are not issues that can be resolved.
They are to be felt, and then they will pass, just like every other sensation before them.

5. As a future facilitator of learning how can you achieve intellectual excellence? Is it

important to follow what the philosophical and practical wisdom tells? Why or why
not? (9pts)
ANS.

I agree with some of the other opinions that this is more of a "do more with what you have"
type of thing.

For me there are some ways to achieve intellectual excellence. First thing is that,
surround yourself with intelligent people. Working and playing with intelligent individuals can
help you develop to your maximum potential. Second is find your life's mission and pursue it. It
won't be difficult to put in a lot of effort if it's something you're enthusiastic about. Then you
get expertise and information, which may make your thinking more effective and productive.
Also it is important to keep up your physical fitness.

While on the other hand, philosophical and practical wisdom are both necessary and has
their own use in our life.

In philosophy, wisdom is the most notable attribute that someone may possess.
Patience is another example of a virtue that can be detrimental. Too much patience is not
always regarded as a virtue since it might interfere with our everyday tasks and produce
emotional instability. While waiting for everything to fall into place, a person may lose out on a
crucial chance that may never come again.

While, Practical wisdom is defined as a master virtue that allows one to be morally
perceptive, to deliberate between courses of action, and to make a reasoned choice that is
aligned with worthwhile ends. It guides individuals towards human excellence by exerting our
strengths in moderation to establish good habits, which ultimately forms a good character.
Practical wisdom is needed to help individuals deliberate between internal and external goods
and to find balance between conflicting aims.
Additionally, practical wisdom has the potential to bolster other constructs in positive
psychology, including resilience, and is ripe for future research endeavors. By adopting practical
wisdom as a master virtue, positive psychology can fulfill its original aims of making the lives of
all people better and of building flourishing communities.

6. How can you assess mesotes a moral virtue to avoid excess and deficiency? (6pts)

ANS.

Moral virtue operates in relation to the notion of the mean. The term "mean" refers
to feelings/actions that fall somewhere between excess and deficiency, where excess and
deficiency are vices (the mean is certainly not a mathematical mean; one must constantly
consider an individual's situation).

To obtain the mean (the arête), great reasoning skills are required. Aristotle cites the
virtue of bravery (Gr. andreia) as an example: although the coward flees any risk out of
excessive dread, and the reckless man launches himself into danger with little or no fear, the
courageous man feels fear in proportion to the situation and responds accordingly. The two
opposing vices are not necessarily equidistant from their respective means.

For example, the vice of defect (pusillanimity) is more extreme than the vice of excess
(magnanimity) (vanity). Moral goodness entails having the right sentiments at the right
moment for the right reasons. Others include temperance, magnanimity, justice, and
modesty, all of which fall somewhere between excess and deficiency. Some moral virtues are
unnamable.

Aristotle was referring to the virtue of moderation when he used the gold mean (or
temperance). In order for us to avoid the excess and deficiency, we must be moderate as
possible as we can and we should be cautious when pursuing our beliefs or responding to
environmental clues. Take heart. It is possible to be a prisoner of one's anxieties and lack
bravery. However, recklessness is conceivable, like when a soldier goes into battle against
overwhelming odds and is killed.

The goal is to be realistic in dealing with reality. That entails being cautious, which is
another characteristic strongly advocated by Aristotle.
“The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fool despise wisdom and
instruction.”(Proverbs 1:7)

Prepared By: Approved By:

CATHERINE M. AGGABAO, MAIE JAIMEE M. SALADINO, MAIE

Professor Program Chair, BTVTEd