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College of Nursing and Entrepreneurship

GENERAL CSLLFI

CHEMISTRY 1

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Instructor
 Module 5

I. Learning Outcomes

 Use the gas laws to determine pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas

under certain conditions of change.
 Use the Ideal Gas Equation to calculate pressure, volume, temperature,
or number of moles of gas.
 Explain the concept of Charles Law

II. Lesson 5: Gas Laws

References

 Mendoza E. and Religioso T. (2008). Chemistry Laboratory Manual.

Phoenix Publication

 Mendoza E. (2003). Chemistry Textbook. Phoenix Publication

 Mortimer, Charles E. 1986. Chemistry. 6 edition.Belmont, California:

Wadswort Publishing Company.

 www.chemengineer.about.com

 https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=j&rct=j&q

Lesson 5: Gas Laws

You have learned about the definition of pressure, and the different units that
can be used to measure and express pressure which are the atmospheric pressure
(atm), millimeter of mercury (mmHg), pounds per square inch (psi), Pascal (Pa), and
kilopascal (kPa). Moreover, you have also learned one unit to another unit of
pressure, and able to show the solution for correct conversion.

Pressure is one of the variables that describes the properties of gases, so in

continuation, the next topic will help you learn about the other variables which are the

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Instructor
Volume(V), Temperature (T), amount in moles (n) that describes the behavior of
gases under certain condition and the laws that governs how it behaves.

Air is all around us, thus gases always involved in our daily activities, from breathing
down to automobile tires or bicycle, balloons, and even lifeboats and vest. Life won’t
be possible without this life-sustaining gas found in the atmosphere.

Scientist have always been curious about how gases behaves. And how it is
different compared to other states of matter. Investigations and experiments on the
behavior of gases leads to the parameters or variables that used to describe the
properties of gases aside from pressure, and these are volume, temperature, and the
amount in moles. The relationship between variables are explained by Gas Laws.

In addition, you will be able to use gas laws to determine pressure, volume,
temperature of a gas under certain conditions change. Then, use the ideal gas
equation to calculate pressure, volume, temperature, or number of moles of a gas.

Graph Analysis
Based on the given graph, analyze and infer the relationship of the properties of
gases (volume, pressure, temperature, and moles).

RUFFA MAE C. DAGAMI dagamiruffamae@gmail.com

09267229472
Instructor
 Gas Laws governs the behavior of gases and describes the relationship of the
following variables: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and moles. The relationship
among the variables are led and investigated by Robert Boyle, Jacques Charles, and
Amedeo Avogadro, and the laws where named after them respectively.

Charles’ Law
It is one of the gas laws and named after the French scientist Jacques
Charles who formulated the law in 1897.
This law states that “The volume of a given amount of gas is directly
proportional to its absolute temperature and constant pressure.” It means that
as the volume increases, the temperature also increases, and vice versa, provided
that the amount of gas and the pressure is constant. The temperature should be
expressed in Kelvin (K).

RUFFA MAE C. DAGAMI dagamiruffamae@gmail.com

09267229472
Instructor
Charles’ Law is expressed in this mathematical equation:

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 In terms of proportion: V α T (at constant amount and pressure)
In terms of equation: V = kT (at constant amount and pressure)
V / T =k or
V1 / T1= V2 / T2

Where;
V1 = initial volume
T1 = initial Temperature
V2 = Final volume
T2 = Final Temperature

Example: A 3.5 L flexible container holds a gas at 250 K. What will be the new
volume if the temperature is increased to 400K at constant pressure?

Given: V1 = 3.5 L V2 =?
T1= 250 K T2 = 400K

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2; V2 = V1T2 / T1

= 3.5 L (400K)
250 K

= 5.6 L

This example problem shows how to use Charles' law to solve a gas law problem:
A 600 mL sample of nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77 °C at constant pressure.
What is the final volume?

Solution:

The first step to solving gas law problems should be converting all
temperatures to absolute temperatures. In other words, if the temperature is given in
Celsius or Fahrenheit, convert it to Kelvin. (This is where the most commonplace
mistakes are made in this type of homework problem.)

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09267229472
Instructor
T K = 273 + °C
Ti = initial temperature = 27 °C
Ti K = 273 + 27
Ti K = 300 K
Tf = final temperature = 77 °C
Tf K = 273 + 77
Tf K = 350 K

The next step is to use Charles' law to find the final volume. Charles' law is
expressed as:

Vi/Ti = Vf/Tf
where
Vi and Ti is the initial volume and temperature
Vf and Tf is the final volume and temperature
Solve the equation for Vf:
Vf = ViTf/Ti
Enter the known values and solve for Vf.
Vf = (600 mL)(350 K)/(300 K)
Vf = 700 mL
Answer:
The final volume after heating will be 700 mL.

Solve the following:

1. A gas occupies 221 cm3 at a temperature of 0 °C and pressure of 760 mm Hg.

Find its volume at 100 °C.
2. Find the final temperature of a sample of nitrogen gas at constant pressure if
it starts at 27 °C and changes volume from 600 mL to 700 mL
3. Find the initial volume of a gas at 250 K, if the final volume is 6 L at 100 K

RUFFA MAE C. DAGAMI dagamiruffamae@gmail.com

09267229472
Instructor