UNIT 2

Exercise

3 up of

6 out of/ from

7 with

8 out of

10 out of

13 of

14 from

17 up of

8/03/22

Properties

Performa = rendimiento

Braking of system = Sistema de frenado

Friction = fricción

Thermal = térmico

Brake pads= pastillas de freno

Hardness= Dureza

Caliper= calibrador

1. Because the friction generates heat, which is wasted.

2. Regenerative breaking systems are also called kinetic energy recovery
because they recover energy during deceleration.
3. Materials used for brakes should be resistant to friction and heat.
4. Heat soak is a term to refer to thermal absorption Because it may damage to alloy,
non- metallic materials, such as polymers.
5. a. thermal energy from
b. heat from the engine and pads.
 1 How does…… work?
2 When is energy recovered?
3 What does regenerative braking limit?
4 What does conventional consist of?
5 What materials were pads made previously?
6 What were pads made of now?
7 What are conventional discs made of?
8 What are F1 discs made of?
9 How is heat generated?
10 Why are ceramic discs used in performance cars?
11 Why do discs glow red hot?

Listening compreshion

1 clamp brake,

3 clamp

5 clamp.

Lever, wheel and wodlien block

6 Yes.

7 Industrial machine.

10

11 discs, brake pads and

12

Shear= esfuerzo de cotar, es en paralelo

1. tensile, compressive, shear, torsion.

2. The action of the forces applied on the element.
3. Elastic deformation= is reversible, the material return to the form when the stress is
removed.
Plastic deformation= is irreversible, when the stress is removed, the material does not
return to its previous dimension.
STRESS AND STRAIN

1. Force each square meter. Strain is a deformation of the original shape

2. For the surface difference.
3. Because the atomic structure
4. Steel,

Strength= fuerza del material

MIRAR STRONG IN COMPRESSION, STRONG IN TORSION Y WEAK EN AMBOS (STRENGHT).

Two phases: matrix and dispersed.

Matrix: continuous and surrounds the other phase.

Cement is matrix phase

Aggregate is dispersed phase

Binder= algo que pega o junta

Retarder= retardante

1. Because the reinforced concrete is very strong and it´s a material very difficult to
deform

adjective noun Verb

plastic plasticity Plasticize
Elastic Elasticity Elasticize
Ductile Ductibility ductilize
Hard Hardness Harden
Tough toughness toughen
Stiff stiffness Stiffen
Resistant resistance corrode

Poor/good insulator insulator Insulate

Poor/good conductor Conductor conduct
Light lightness Lighten
Thermally stable Thermal stability stabilize
Durable Durability Endure
Workable Workability Work
Malleable malleability Malleate
strong strength Strengthen

Yield strength= límite elástico

Kevlar es una fibra sintética

Kevlar is an organic fiber in the aromatic polyramide family.

Require strong, lightweight, durable materials.

Lightweight=ligero

Drive belts= correas de transmission

1.c

2.e

3.b

4.a

5.d

Exercise 9b

Puncture= pinchar

1.tyres

2.drive belts

3.brake pads

4. bullet-resistant armour

5.sealing gaskets

Tyre=neumático

Sealing gaskets=juntas de sellado

bullet-resistant armour= armadura resistente a las balas

lighweight hardness thermal stability

handle= asa

bur= broca

tungsten carbide= carburo de tungsteno

snappy= enérgertico

prevent snapping= evitar el chasquido

1.corrosion resistance

2. water resistance

3.scratch resistance

4. shock resistance

14a-

3 Many good watch-making materials are either ordinary, or complex and so are not very
marketable
4 Consumers are not technical experts, and make choices bases on their impressions, rather
than on factual information

1T

2T

3F

4F

5F

6F

7T

8F

UNIT 3
1. Because the difference of the frequency, two companies have the patent.

2. No,

3. Devices had to patched directly into your house´s wiring.

4. Separable Attachment Plug, which essentially allowed for non-bulb devices to be plugged
into a light socket for power. To do away with the possibility of arcing or sparking in making
connection.

5. It was created a plug with three-pronged.

6. The British system has three-pronged beast with a fuse built right into it.

7.

8.

1.

2.

3. the company´s manufacturing

4. False

5.

6.

7.

8.

TABLE ABOUT COMPONENTS AND PROPERTIES OF PLUG

Conectivity;
Stability/fit/;ridges grooves

Guidance;

Safety; casing material

Usability;

Aesthetics;

Ergonomics;

Toughness

The plug may has two or three pins, it depend if is grounded or no, the shape of configuration
is in V and the socket don’t have recess, it is linear. Both plugs versions have insulated live and
neutral pins.

1.Sawing; serrar

2.shearing; podar, esquilar

3.drilling; =taladrar

4.milling; fresar

5.Flame-cutting;

Punch; perforar

Guillotine; guillotina, guillotiner

Kerf; corte de sierra

Lathe; torno

TOOL VERB OPERATION

Hand/electrical drill Drill Drilling
A die( cast) cast die casting
Saw saw Sawing
Shear press shear Shearing
Milling machine Mill Milling
Press press Pressing
Lathe turn turning

A guillotine Grind guillotining

Injection press Mold Molding

What is flame cutting (not) good for?

Flame-cutting is perfect for cutting metals.

It’s useless for cutting ceramics.

What is guillotining good for?

Guillotining is especially good for cutting thin materials.

What is milling good for?

Cutting metals

What is grinding good for?

Metals

Exercise 10

1.screw, rivet, clip

2.weld, adhesive

1.weld

2.bolt; tuerca

3.adhesive

4.screw tornillo

5.rivet remache

6.clip

Fastener; cierre

Tie; brida

Bond; cadena

Glueing or gluing

1. joining, fixing

2. bolting, riveting

3. bonding, welding, gluing

Exercise 11c

1. Main advantage: The mechanical fixings can be removed easily.

Main disadvantage: They can work loose.

2.

3. Water and heat affect to the non-mechanical fixings. Vibration affect to the mechanical
fixings.

Bolts= perno
Stile= escalón

Apron: delantal, la parte delantera de la silla

Screw: tornillo

Exercise 12a

1. Early aircraft: Timber frame were joined together with adhesive or screws together.

2. Moder jet aircraft: Alloy body panels are joined together with rivets together.

3. Aircraft cabins: The seats are fixed together to the floor with bolts.

4. Aircraft cockpit: The windshield is bonded to the fuselage with adhesive/glued to the
fuselage.

Fly, drift, hover, float.

Airship, aircraft, rocket.

Exercise 13c

1. The balloons climbed more fast than expected,

2. A rope tangled with a power line, then Mr Walters was arrested.

3. Today, cluster ballooning, while still a fairly marginal sport, is steadily starting to gain in
popularity.

4. A garden chair, ropes and helium-filled weather ballons.

Rope=cuerda.

Exercise 14a

a. over

b. below, beneath, underneath

c. beside, adjacent to, alongside

d. around

e. outside

f. inside, within

Exercise 14b

1. above

2. around

3. in

4. Within

5. beneath
Exercise 15a

Balloons, tape, bags, sand/water ballast, ties, nylon straps, plastic cable; brida, helium,
paragliding harness.

Exercise 15b

1. It is quite slow to assembly

2. Connect ropes with ballons with plastic cable.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Net=red

UNIT 4

Exercise 2b

1. plan

2. elevation

3. exploded view; despiece

4. cross-section

5. schematic

6. note

7. specification

Exercise 2d

1. elevation

2. cross-section

3. plan

4. schematic

5. exploded view

Branches; rama, ramificar

Exercise 3b

Width; anchura

Exercise 3c

1.to
2.to

3.off

4.full

Staircase; escalera

1. ATTENTION

2. BENEFIT

3. CREDIBILITY

4. DIRECTION

a. attention

b. Credibility

c. attention

d. benefit

e. direction

f. benefit

g. credibility

h. direction

brand naming; nomenclatura de marca

warehouse; almacén

reach; alcance o alcanzar, llegar

Exercise 6d

1. within

2. plus, minus

3. tight

4. outside

Exercise 6e

1. outside tolerance

2. plus or mine 5 mm

3. within tolerance

4. tight tolerance
Its x meter adjective

It has a noun of x meters

Line; es línea

Lane; un carril

Exercise 7a

1. A superflat finish for the entire floor area.

2. Are superflat everywhere, only specific lanes are superflat

3. Long, narrow lanes allow a higher quality finish

4.

5.

Exercise 7c

1. wide

2. width

3. lenght

4. depth

5. thickness

6. height

Exercise 10

1.All emails speak about design information.

2.

Brief; resumen

Exercise 10 b

1. b

2. d

3. c

4. a

5. e

Exercise 10c

1. sketch

2. design brief

3. working drawing
4. preliminary drawing

Amend = change

Exercise 10d

2. revise

3. rough

4. issue

5. comment on

6. supersede

7. specify

8. resolve

Exercise 13a

1. The drawings have to be amended.

2.

Exercise 13c

1. clash

2. request

3. propose

4. advise

5. clarify

Hole; agujero

Exercise 14b

2. clarify

3. contradicts

4. clash

5. propose

6. alternative

7. as per

8. confirm

Scheduled meeting; reunion programada

Liaise; enlace

Tear; arrancar
Wear; deterioro

Coolant; refrigerante

Flame out; apagado de la llama o quedarse sin combustible

Flat spots

Jam; gripar

03/05/2022

3c

Cause something to

Result in something verb+ing

TROUBLESHOOTING

1. The act of pinpointing and correcting problems in any kind of system.

2. Troubleshooters must be able to determine the cause or causes of a problem simply by

examining its effects.

3.

4.

5. In this sense, troubleshooting is a lot like scientific method: determining cause/effect

relationships by means of live experimentation.

6. Creativity and standard procedure

Pinpointing; identificar

Pre-heater; calendar

Top up; rellenar

1. draw coolant

2. Remove filter

3. Clean

4. Reft the filter

5. Top up

Forklift; montacargas

Crackling; crujir

n who is trained to carry out routine adjustments

on the machine has made an external vlsual inspection

Usar esto en el resumen

timescale; tiempo de escala

Questions

5. sandstone

6. single block

Question 6e

1. Drill horizontally, insert bar and hook onto the sark No, holes will be visible

2. Drill in to the top vertically

3. Use the grab, was rejected because