Agricultural Engineering

Licensure Exam Review

Engineering Shop
Fernando O. Paras Jr.
Assistant Professor
Agricultural Machinery Division
Institute of Agricultural Engineering
CEAT, UPLB
 Systems Of Units
A. Basic Units
- English Units
- Metric Units
B. International System Of Units

SOME POINTS TO CONSIDER

 In our present time, it would be helpful to still
master the english units.
 Memorizing measurements of parts of your
body as reference during estimation would
prove to be useful in your careers.
 WHAT IS SAFETY?
 According to the Webster’s Dictionary,
safety is the freedom from harm or
risk.

 For occupational settings, we will define

safety more specifically as a measure
of the acceptability of risk.
 SAFETY IN THE SHOP
OBJECTIVE
To protect the workingman against the
dangers of injury sickness or death.
HOW?
 By providing suitable working conditions
WHY?
 Conservation of manpower resources
 Prevention damage to lives and properties.
 Safety In the Shop
 Hazard recognition
 Conducting workplace
inspection
 Conducting incident
investigations
 Machine guarding
 Preventing back injuries
 Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI)
 SOME SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS

STANDARDS AND LAWS

OUR EMPLOYEES
FACILITIES
STANDARDS AND
LAWS
Labor Code of the
Philippines

Department of Labor and

Employment

Occupational Safety and

Health Center (OSHC)
 Chapter II
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
 ART. 162. Safety and health standards.
The Secretary of Labor and Employment shall, by
appropriate orders, set and enforce mandatory
occupational safety and health standards to
eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health
hazards in all workplaces and institute new, and
update existing, programs to ensure safe and
healthful working conditions in all places of
employment.
 PROVIDING A SAFER WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
 LIGHTING
 VENTILATION
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPEs)
 SAFETY SIGNS
 MACHINERY GUARDING
 FIRST AID
 FIRE PREVENTION & ELECTRICAL CODES
 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
 TRAINING OF PERSONEL IN OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
 LIGHTING
A minimum of 200 lux (20 foot candles)
shall be provided where moderate
discrimination of details is essential, such
as for medium assembling, rough bench
and machine work, rough inspection of
testing of products, planing of lumber and
veneering.
 VENTILATION
 Clean fresh air shall be supplied to
enclosed workplaces at an average rate
of not less than 20 to 40 cubic meters
(700 to 1400 cu. ft.) an hour per worker,
or at such a rate as to effect a complete
change of air a number of times per
hour varying from four (4) for sedentary
workers to eight (8) for active workers.
 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPEs)
 "You only have one pair of eyes and they
have to last you a life time"
(Master Atar Bakhtar, Forging Damascus Blades)

The employer shall at his own expense furnish his

workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face,
hands and feet, protective shields and barriers whenever
necessary by reason of the hazardous nature of the
process or environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury
or impairment in the function of any part of the body
through absorption, inhalation or physical contact (OSHS)
DIRECTIONAL/SAFETY SIGNS

 As provided by safety standards.

 Directional signs for emergency, CR,
Other rooms
 Safety reminders near equipment
 Other signs for information
 MACHINE GUARDING

All moving parts of prime movers,

transmission equipment and all
dangerous parts of driven machinery
shall be effectively guarded, unless so
constructed or located to prevent any
person or object from coming or brought
into contact with them (OSHS).
 FIRST AID
 ART. 156. First-aid treatment.
-Every employer shall keep in his
establishment such first-aid medicines and
equipment as the nature and conditions of
work may require, in accordance with such
regulations as the Department of Labor and
Employment shall prescribe.
 The employer shall take steps for the
training of a sufficient number of employees
in first-aid treatment. (BOOK IV, Chap.1 HEALTH, SAFETY AND
SOCIAL WELFARE BENEFITS)
 FIRE PREVENTION &
ELECTRICAL CODES
 Standards for the design and installation of
Indoor, outdoor general storage, sprinkler
system and fire protection system shall be
those provided for by Chapter 9 of the
Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers
(PSME) Code.

 The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby

adopted and the standards contained therein
shall be considered safety standards to the
extent that they safeguard any person
employed in any workplace and control the
practice of electrical engineering (OSHS).
 TOOLS , EQUIPMENT &
MATERIALS
Tool keeping and Materials
storage
Equipment Maintenance
Other Hazards' in the workplace
 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY
Prevention of building collapse,
specially during storms and
earthquakes.
Repair of water damaged parts.
“ A little aesthetics can’t harm
anyone…”
 TRAINING OF PERSONEL IN
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
 ART. 210. Adult education. - Every employer
shall render assistance in the establishment and
operation of adult education programs for their
workers and employees as prescribed by
regulations jointly approved by the Department
of Labor and Employment and the Department
of Education, Culture and Sports.
(Labor Code, Chapter X, Title IV)
PICTURES
HAND TOOLS AND THEIR
USES
A. LAYOUT TOOLS
B. CUTTING TOOLS
C. BORING TOOLS
D. DRIVING TOOLS
E. HOLDING TOOLS
F. TURNING TOOLS
G. DIGGING TOOLS
H. OTHER TOOLS
 LAYOUT TOOLS
Tools used to measure, mark and test wood,
metal, and other materials. (squares, rules,
levels, calipers, tapes and lines)
LAYOUT TOOLS
 CUTTING TOOLS
Tools used to cut, chop, saw, or
otherwise remove materials. (saws,
chisels, planes, axes and wedges,
cutters, files, taps and dies
CUTTING TOOLS
 BORING/DRILLING TOOLS
Used to make holes or change the size or
shape of holes. (drill bits, cutters, drivers)
 DRIVING TOOLS
Tools used to move other tools or
objects. They rely on their weight and
speed to provide force to move an
object. (hammers and punches)
 HOLDING TOOLS
Tools used to hold materials while other
tools are used to cut, shape, modify, or
turn threaded items like screws. Holding
tools are also used to grip objects such
as bolts or pieces of wire. They are even
used to bend or shape objects and in
fastening and gluing. (clamps, pliers,
vises)
 TOOLS
Tools used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws.
(screwdrivers and bits, wrenches, sockets
and drivers)
 DIGGING TOOLS
Any device used to turn up, loosen or
remove earth.
 OTHER TOOLS
Tools that do not fit in the standard
categories
 Portable Power Tools
Tools that operate in principle similar with
hand tools but power is derived from an
electric motor. A big difference between
hand tools and power tools is that power
tools are more dangerous.

A. PORTABLE DRILLS
B. PORTABLE SANDERS
C. PORTABLE SAWS
D. POWER ROUTERS
 PORTABLE POWER DRILLS
Used for drilling holes, fastening screws,
sanding, polishing and enlarging holes.
 PORTABLE SANDERS
Does the same work as hand sanders.
However, they remove wood and other
materials much easier and faster. Portable
sanders include belt sanders, disc sanders,
and finishing sanders.
 PORTABLE POWER
SAWS
Portable saws include the sabre saw,
reciprocating saw and circular saw.

SABRE SAW SAW

RECIPROCATING
CIRCULAR SAW
 PORTABLE POWER ROUTERS
Used to cut grooves and ornamental shapes
on faces and edges of wood and other soft
materials. It is also useful in making various
wood joints.
 Power Machines
Tools driven by electric motor,
hydraulics, air, gas engine, or some
force other than, or in addition to,
human power.

Power machines are generally

stationary and are located
permanently in the shop.
WOOD WORKING POWER
MACHINES
WOOD WORKING POWER
MACHINES
 METAL WORKING
POWER MACHINES
Do you agree?
Woman without her
man is nothing!
Woman, without her,
man is nothing!
MEN vs. WOMEN
ANSWERS
Engineering Shop Materials
WOOD AND WOODWORK
MATERIALS
Wood, the hard substance under the
bark of trees and shrubs, is the most
common shop material. It is obtained from
trees of the class known to botanists as
OXOGENS.

TIMBER, LUMBER, PLYWOOD,

HARDBOARD, PARTICLEBOARD
NOTE: GET A COPY
OF PDF FILES
METAL WORK MATERIALS
The materials used in bench
metalwork can be divided into two
general classifications: ferrous
metals like wrought iron, steel and
cast iron, and non-ferrous like
copper, brass, bronze and aluminum.

All these materials come in various

forms and shapes such as sheets,
rods, bars and wires.
 Table 1. Common Metals and Their Major Uses
METAL ORIGIN CHARACTERISTIC MAJOR USES
Cast Iron Iron ore Forms into any shape; Brittle Machinery parts; engine blocks
Wrought Iron Iron ore Malleable; tough; rust-resistant Decorative fences; railings

Mild steel Iron ore Malleable; ductile; tough Structural steel

Tool steel Iron ore High carbon; heat treatable; Tools; tool bits
expensive
Stainless steel Iron ore, nickel & Very corrosion resistant; bright Food handling equipment;
chromium appearance; hard; tough milktanks; restaurant equipment
Galvanized Steel; zinc Zinc-coated steel Water tanks; towers; fencing;
steel roofing
Aluminum Ore Light; tough; relatively soft; good Roofing; siding; truck bodies;
electrical conductor; silver-white automobiles; electric wires &
color cables
Copper Ore Tough; malleable; corrosion- Pipe; electrical wire & cables; rain
resistant; excellent heat & electrical spouts & gutters; electrical
conductor; reddish-brown color equipment; bronze; brass
Brass Copper & zinc Soft; malleable; corrosion resistant Water valves; boat accessories;
ornaments
Bronze Copper, zinc & tin Soft; malleable; corrosion resistant Ornaments

Lead Ore Soft, very heavy; bluish gray Batteries; cable coverings; shot;
solder
Tin Ore Very malleable; corrosion Plating; bronze; solder
resistant; silver color
Fastening Materials and other Hardwares
Hardware are usually metals used in projects for
assembling, beautifying, and as mechanical devices
to facilitate movement.
Fasteners are materials for securely joining separate
parts of an object or structure.
TYPES OF FASTENERS
Temporary – Screws, Nuts and Bolts. Semi Permanent - Nails
Permanent – Rivets.

OTHER HARDWARES
These include hinges, brackets, plates, and miscellaneous
metal objects.