1.

Nilai Eigen dan vektor eigen dari matriks A

( )
−1 4 −2
A= −3 4 0 2. λ 2=2
−3 1 3

( )( )( )
λ+ 1 −4 2 2+1 −4 2 3 −4 2
Nilai Eigen λ I−B= 3 λ−4 0 = 3 2−4 0 = 3 −2 0
3 −1 λ−3 3 −1 2−3 3 −1 −1
det ( λI −B )=0

|( ) ( )| | |
1 0 0 −1 4 −2 λ +1 −4 2
( λI −B ) x=0
det ( λI −B )= λ 0 1 0 − −3 4 0 = 3 λ−4 0 =0
0 0 1 −3 −1 3 3 −1 λ−3

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( |)
3 −4 2 x 1 0 x1 3 −4 2 0
¿ ( λ+1 ) ⋅ (−1 )
( 1 +1)
|λ−4
⋅
−1
λ−3
0
|
+(−4 )⋅ (−1 ) ⋅ |
( 2+1) 3
3 λ−3 |
0
|
( 3+1 ) 3
+(2)⋅ (−1 ) ⋅
3
λ−4
−1 |
=0
3 −2 0 x 2
3 −1 −1 x 3
= 0
0
→ x2
x3
= 3 −2 0 0
3 −1 −1 0

( |) ( |)
¿ ( λ+1 ) [ ( λ−4 ) ( λ−3 )−1 ⋅ 0 ] +4 [3 ( λ−3 )−3 ⋅ 0]+(2) [ 3 ⋅(−1)−3 ( λ−4) ] =0

|)
−4 2 −4 2

(
¿ ( λ+1 ) ( λ−4 ) ( λ−3 )+ ( 12 λ−36 )+(−6)+(−6 λ+2 4 )=0 3 −4 2 0 1 0 1 0 R2
1 3 3 R =R2−3 R 1 3 3
¿ ( λ+1 ) ( λ−4 ) ( λ−3 )+ ( 6 λ−18 )=0 ¿ 3 −2 0 0 R1= R → 0 2 → 0 R 2=
3 1 3 −2 0 0 2 −2 2
¿ ( λ+1 ) ( λ−4 ) ( λ−3 )+ 6 ( λ−3 )=0 3 −1 −1 0 0 R3=R3 −3 R 1 0
3 −1 −1 0 3 −3
¿ ( λ−3 ) [ ( λ+1 ) ( λ−4 ) +6]=0

( |) ( |) ( |)
2
¿ ( λ−3 ) [ λ −3 λ−2]=0 −4 2 −4 2 −2
¿ ( λ−3 ) ( λ−1 )( λ−2 )=0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
3 3 3 3 4 3
λ 1=1 , λ 2=2 , λ2=3 → 0 R3 =R 3−3 R2 → 0 R 1=R1+ R → 0
0 1 −1 0 1 −1 3 2 0 1 −1
0 0 0
0 3 −3 0 0 0 0 0 0

( )( ) ( ) {
Vektor Eigen −2
1 0 x1 0 2 2
1. λ 1=1 3 x − x =0 , x 1= x 3
x2 = 0 1 3 3 3
0 1 −1
x3 0 x 2−x 3=0 , x 2=x 3

( )( )( )
λ+ 1 −4 2 1+1 −4 2 2 −4 2 0 0 0
λ I −B= 3 λ−4 0 = 3 1−4 0 = 3 −3 0

()( ) () ()
2 2 2
3 −1 λ−3 3 −1 1−3 3 −1 −2 x1 x
3 3
x= x 2 = =x 3 3 Eigen Vektor λ 2=2:
3
x3 1 1
( λI −B ) x=0 x3 1
x3 1

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( |)
2 −4 2 x 1 0 x1 2 −4 2 0
3. λ 2=3
3 −3 0 x 2 = 0 → x 2 = 3 −3 0 0
3 −1 −2 x 3 0 x3 3 −1 −2 0

( )( )( )
λ+ 1 −4 2 3+1 −4 2 4 −4 2

( |) ( |) ( |)
2 −4 2 0 1 −2 1 0 1 −2 1 0 λ I−B= 3 λ−4 0 = 3 3−4 0 = 3 −1 0
1 R =R2 −3 R 1 1 3 −1 λ−3 3 −1 3−3 3 −1 0
¿ 3 −3 0 0 R1= R → 3 −3 0 0 2 → 0 3 −3 0 R2= R 2
2 1 R =R3 −3 R 1 3
3 −1 −2 0 3 −1 −2 0 3 0 5 −5 0
( λI −B ) x=0

( |) ( |) ( |)
1 −2 1 0 1 −2 1 0 1 0 −1 0

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( |)
→ 0 1 −1 0 R3=R 3−5 R2 → 0 1 −1 0 R1=R1−2 R2 → 0 1 −1 0 4 −4 2 x 1 0 x1 4 −4 2 0
0 5 −5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 −1 0 x 2 = 0 → x2 = 3 −1 0 0
3 −1 0 x 3 0 x3 3 −1 0 0

( )( ) ( ) {
1 0 −1 x1

( |)
0
= x −x =0 , x 1=x 3
0 1 −1 x2 0 1 3 1

( |)
0 0 0 x3 0 x 2−x 3=0 , x 2=x 3 1 −1

|)
1 2

(
4 −4 2 0 1 −1 0 0 R2
1 2 R 2=R2−3 R1 → 0 −3

( ) ( ) () ()
x1 x3 1 1 ¿ 3 −1 0 0 R1= R → 0 2 0 R 2=
x= x 2 = x 3 =x 3 1 4 1 3 −1 0 R 3=R3−3 R1 2 2
Eigen Vektor λ 1=1: 1 3 −1 0 0 0 0
3 −1 0 −3
x3 x3 1 1 0 2
2
 ( |) ( |) ( |) ( | ) ( | )
1 2 1
1 −1 1 −1 1 1 2
2 1 −1 1 0 3 4 1 0 0 R1=R 1− R 3 1 0 1 1 −1
0 2 0 4 0 4 → 3 2
−3 → 6 −3 3 0 −3 9 −6 R1=R1 − R 3
→ 0 1 R
0 3 =R −2 R → R
−3 0 1 =R + R → −3 0 0 1 6 0 1 0 3
4 3 2
0 1 1 2
0 1 4 0 −4 4 R2=R 2− R 3 0 −4 4
0 4 0 4 0 4 0 0 1
−3 0 0 1
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
2

( | )
2

( )
( )( ) ( ) {
1 0 3 −5 3 3 −5 3
−1 3 2 −1
1 0 1 1 → −3 9 −6 R 1=R1− R3 , → P = −3 9 −6
4 x1 0 x 1− x 3=0 , x 1= x 3 0 1 0 3
4 4 0 −4 4 0 −4 4
−3 x 2 = 0 0 0 1
0 1
4 x3 0 x 2− x =0 , x 2= 3 x 3
3
0 0 0 4 3 4
−1
D=P ( A P )

()( ) () () [ )( )]
1 1 1
x 2 1
x1 4 3 4 4 1

( )(
x= x 2 = 3 =x3 3 Eigen Vektor λ 2=3 : 3 −5 3 −1 4 −2 3 4
3
x D= −3 9 −6 −3 4 0 3
x3 4 3 4 4 1 1
0 −4 4 −3 1 3 4
x3 1 1
1 1 1

( )
2. Diagonalisasi dari Matriks 4 3
1

( )
3 −5 3 3 4

( )
−1 4 −2
A= −3 4 0 , didapat ruang eigen : D= −3 9 −6 9
1 2
−3 1 3 0 −4 4 4
1 2 3

()
1

() ( )
2 1 0 0

()
1 4
3 D= 0 2 0
λ 1=1: p1 = 1 , λ 2=2 , p 2= , λ3 =3 : p 3 3
1 0 0 3
1 4
1
1

( )
2 1
1
3 4
Matrix P= 3
1 1
4
1 1 1

( | )
( | )
2 1
2 1 1
1 3 4
3 4 1 0 0 1 0 0
−1 R =R 2−R1 1 2
P = 3 0 1 0 2 → 0 −1 1 0 R2=3 R2
1 1 R3=R 3−R1 3 4
4 0 0 1 −1 0 1
1 3
1 1 1 0
3 4

( | ) ( | )
2 1 2 1
1 1
3 4 3 4
1 0 0 1 0 0
6 1 6
→ 0 1 −1 1 0 R3 =R3− R → 0 1 −3 3 0 R3=4 R3
4 3 2 4
−1 0 1 0 −1 1
1 3 1
0 0 0
3 4 4