Circuits

Review:

Current - Flow of electricity in an electric

circuit.
- Measured in Amps (A).
Resistance - Measure of opposition to the
current flow in an electrical circuit.
- Measured in Ohms (Ω).
Voltage - Pressure from an electrical
circuit’s power source that pushes charged
electrons (current) through a conducting
loop/pathway/circuit.
- Measured in Volts (V).
Ohm’s Law -

- The circuit is made up of a voltage

source and one or more loads.

> Loads
- any electronic component of a
circuit that consumes power or
energy. (Resistors, Capacitors,
lamps, etc.)
Electric Circuit
- A continuous loop or path for
> Electric/Energy/Power/Current/Voltage
transmitting electric current.
Source
- Pathway where electrons pass
- Contains chemical energy which it
through from the voltage source.
transforms to electrical energy.
- Can be open or closed: (Types of
- Current flows from the positive
circuits)
terminal, through the circuit, and into
the negative terminal (Conventional
Flow/Current). (Used in making
linear graphs of circuits).

Classification of Circuits

1. Series Circuit
- End to end (Positive to negative
terminals).
 EX:
1.

2. Parallel Circuit
- Pathways are parallel to each other.
2 or more pathways are created at a Given:
junction with one or more loads
within it. V=9
RT = ?
Note: Parallel circuits can exist within IT = ?
parallel circuits.
R1 = 3Ω
Rules R2 = 10Ω
R3 = 5Ω
S.C. (Series Circuit)
Solution:
- Total Current is shown as IT and is
the same all throughout the circuit. RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
The amount of current that passes RT = 3Ω +10Ω + 5Ω
through from the positive terminal, RT = 18Ω
will have the same amount of current
at the negative terminal of the circuit. IT = V/RT
- Total Voltage is shown as VT and is IT = 9V/18Ω
shared among the loads of the IT = 0.5
circuit 2.
- Total Resistance is shown as RT and
is equal to the sum of the individual
resistances.

Formulas:

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + …

VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = …

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Given: 1. (WITH RESISTANCE)

VT = 80V
IT = ?
RT = ?

R1 = 3Ω
R2 = 10Ω
R3 = 5Ω

Solution:

RT = 15Ω +20Ω + 5Ω
Given:
RT = 30Ω

V = 12V
IT = V/RT
RT = ?
IT = 80V/30Ω
IT = ?
IT = 2.66

R1 = 4Ω
Parallel Circuits
R2 = 3Ω
- The total current in a parallel circuit
V1 = ?
is equal to the sum of all individual
V2 = ?
currents in a load.
- The total voltage is equal to all
I1 = ?
individual voltages
I2 = ?
- The total resistance in a parallel
circuit is less than any of the
Solution:
individual resistances.

SINCE, VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = …
Formulas:
THEREFORE, V1 = 12v, V2 = 12v
IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + …

I1 = ?
VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = …

SINCE, V=IR (Ohm’s Law)

RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …
THEREFORE, V1 = I1R1
SOLVE FOR, I1
Note: When calculating for the total
FORMULA, I1 = V1/R1
resistance in a circuit with both parallel and
INPUT, I1 = 12V/4Ω = 2A
series pathways, get the reciprocal of the
sum when adding to a series circuit.
I2 = ?
EX:
REPLICATE, (Answer: I2 = 4A)
IT = ?

SINCE, IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + …
THEREFORE, IT = 3A + 4A = 7A

RT = ?

SINCE, Ohm’s Law states that V=IR,

DERIVE, RT=VT/RT
INPUT, RT=12V/7A= 1.714Ω