COGNITIVE
-defined as the changes in the way we think,
BIOLOGICAL
-defined as biological changes that occur in
the body and brain, including changes in
size and strength, integration of sensory and
motor activities, and development of fine
and gross motor skills.
- involves the senses (taste, touch, sight,
smell, hearing, and proprioception or bodily
awareness of one’s orientation in space),
gross motor skills (major movements
involving large muscles), and fine motor
skills (involving small muscles, particularly
of the fingers and hands).
understand, and reason about the world.
Piaget's stages of cognitive development
illustrates a child's growth.
Stages of Cognitive Development
1. Sensorimotor Stage- Birth to 2 years
2. Preoperational Stage- Ages 2-7 years
3. Concrete Operational Stage- Ages 7-11
4. Formal Operational Stage- Ages 12 and up
DOMAINS OF
DEVELOPMENT
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
-includes the child's experience, expression,
and management of emotions and the
ability to establish positive and rewarding
relationships with others. It encompasses
both intra- and interpersonal processes.
-By 6 months, a baby should be reacting to
facial expressions and reciprocating.
-By a year, clear preferences in terms of
likes and dislikes should begin to surface as
well as recognition of the familiar versus
the unfamiliar.
-By two years, a child should be engaging
in parallel play with his or her peers. Each
child may be involved in a separate
activity, but they are interested in each
other’s activities and comfortable in each
other’s company.
-By three years, the awareness of self
should have begun to form, and an ability
to express feelings.
-By four years, the child should be able to
cooperate with others, abide by simple
rules, and manage emotions without
tantrums or aggression.