UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

LAHORE

DEPARTEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

Lab Report:
Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Experiment:
10
Submitted to:
Sir Khalid Butt

Submitted by:
NAME REGISTRATION #
Muhammad Asim 2020-IM-14

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Table of Contents
Title: To study the effect of variation of frequency on an RLC series resonant circuit using
LTspice:..........................................................................................................................................3
Objective:.........................................................................................................................................4
Apparatus:........................................................................................................................................4
Apparatus Diagram:.........................................................................................................................4
Observation and Calculations:.........................................................................................................4
Table:...........................................................................................................................................5
Graphs:.............................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................8

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 Experiment # 10

Title: To study the effect of variation of

frequency on an RLC series resonant circuit
using LTspice:

Submitted To:
Sir Khalid Butt

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Objective:
The objective of experiment is to:
1. Determine the effect of increasing the frequency on an RLC resonant circuit.
2. Determine the resonance frequency of RLC series resonant circuit.
3. Determine the relation between reactance of inductor and capacitor on increasing the
frequency of an RLC series resonant circuit.

Apparatus:
1. Milli-ammeter (0 – 10mA)
2. Inductor = 300mH
3. Capacitor = 0.05µF
4. Variable Frequency oscillator

Apparatus Diagram:

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of a 300mH inductor, 1000Ω resistor and 0.05e-6 capacitor connected in
series with AC voltage source of 14V amplitude and frequency of 50Hz.

Observation and Calculations:

Resonance Frequency Theoretically:

1
fr = 2 π √ LC

1
fr = 2 π (300 ×10−3 × 0.05× 10−6 )
√
fr = 1299.5 Hz

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Table:
No. of Frequency Current XL = 2πfL 1 XL- XC (Ω)
XC = (Ω)
Obs. F(c/s) I(mA) (Ω) 2 πfc
1 50 0.22011135 94.2477796 63661.97724 -63567.72946
2
2 100 0.44212865 188.495559 31830.98862 -31642.49306
2
3 200 .089082721 376.991118 15915.49431 -15538.50319
5
4 300 1.3865976 565.486677 10610.32954 -10044.84286
7
5 400 1.7246896 753.982237 7957.747155 -7203.764918
6 500 2.53812 942.477796 6506.197724 -5563.719928
2
7 600 3.2612312 1130.97335 5305.16477 -4174.191415
5
8 700 4.1420504 1319.46891 4547.284088 -3227.815173
5
9 800 5.2493992 1507.96447 3978.873577 -2470.909103
4
10 900 6.687948 1696.46003 3536.776513 -1840.31648
3
11 1000 8.534573 1884.95559 3183.098862 -1298.14327
2
12 1100 10.82422 2073.45115 2893.726238 -820.2750864
2
13 1200 13.038772 2261.94671 2652.582385 -390.6356741
1
14 1300 13.955703 2450.44227 2448.537586 1.90468412
15 1400 13.175599 2638.93782 2273.642044 365.2957854
9
16 1500 11.440114 2827.43338 2122.65908 704.7743086
9
17 1600 9.702632 3015.92894 1988.436789 1027.492159
8
18 1700 8.3893361 3204.42450 1872.411095 1332.013412
7
19 1800 7.4026907 3392.92006 1768.388257 1624.531809
6
20 1900 6.5632706 3581.41562 1675.31519 1906.100436
6
21 2000 5.81391 3769.91118 1591.549431 2178.361754
5
22 2200 4.7474919 4146.90230 1446.863119 2700.039184
3
23 2400 4.2329751 4523.89342 1326.291192 3197.60223
2
24 2600 3.8279388 4900.88454 1224.268793 3676.615747
25 2800 3.3348608 5277.87565 1136.821022 4141.054637

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 9
26 3000 2.866633 5654.86677 1061.032954 4593.833823
7
27 3500 2.38935 6597.34457 909.4568177 5687.887756
3
28 4500 1.647354 8482.30016 707.3553026 7774.944863
6
29 5000 1.5195466 9424.77796 636.6197724 8788.15819
2
30 6000 1.3771137 11309.7335 530.516477 10779.21708
5
31 7000 0.902045 13194.6891 545.7284 12648.96075
5
32 8000 0.67249066 15079.6447 397.887357 14681.75738
4
33 9000 0.62969 16964.6003 353.6776513 16610.92268
3
34 10000 0.53996 18849.5559 318.3098862 18531.24604
2

Graphs:

I(mA)
16

14 Imax. ([X VALUE], [Y

VALUE])
12

10
I(mA)

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Frequency F(Hz)

Figure 2: Graph between Frequency F (Hz) along X-Axis from 0 to 12000Hz and current I (mA) along
Y-Axis from 0 to 16(mA). By joining the points two curves are obtained whose maximum value is same
that means it is the resonance frequency. The first curve is from 0 to 1300 Hz increases as we move from
left to right and second curve is from 1300 to 10000 Hz decreases as we move from left to right.

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 Graph of XL and F
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
XL = 2πfL Ω

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Frequency(c/s)Hz

Figure 3: Graph of reactance of inductor XL on Y-axis from 0 to 20000Ω and Frequency F on X-axis
from 0 to 12000Hz. The slope of points is a straight line which shows the rate of change of reactance of
inductor XL with respect to Frequency which is gradually increasing upward as we move from left to
right.

Graph of XC and F
70000

60000

50000
XC = 𝟏 /𝟐𝝅𝒇𝒄(Ω)

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Frequency(c/s)Hz

Figure 4: Graph of reactance of capacitor XC on Y-axis from 0 to 70000Ω and Frequency F on X-axis
from 0 to 12000Hz. The joining of points represents a curve which shows the rate of change of reactance
of capacitor XC with respect to Frequency which decreases gradually as we move from left to right.

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 Graph of XL- XC and F
30000
20000
10000
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
-10000
XL- XC (Ω)

-20000
-30000
-40000
-50000
-60000
-70000
Frequency(c/s)Hz

Figure 5: Graph of Difference of XL (reactance of inductor) and XC (reactance of capacitor) on Y-axis

from -70000 to 30000Ω and Frequency F on X-axis from 0 to 12000Hz. The joining of points represents
a curve which shows the rate of change of Difference of XL (reactance of inductor) and XC (reactance of
capacitor) with respect to Frequency which increases gradually as we move from left to right.

80000
Graph between XL,XC,XL-XC and F

60000

40000
XL

20000
XL - XC

0
O

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000

-20000
XC

XL = 2πfL -40000
XC =
XL- XC -60000

-80000
Frequency(c/s)Hz

Figure 6: This graph shows the comparison of reactance of inductor XL, capacitor XC and XL-XC on
Y-axis and the Frequency F along X-axis. The value of XL is represented in blue color, XC in orange
color and XL-XC in green color. The value of frequency increases as we move from left to right

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Conclusion:
We performed the experiment to determine the effect of increasing the frequency on an
RLC resonant circuit. Also to determine the resonance frequency of RLC series resonant circuit
and to determine the relation between reactance of inductor and capacitor on increasing the
frequency of an RLC series resonant circuit. There was no error observed in the experimental
values.
From the graphical and calculated values we concluded that:
 By increasing the frequency of RLC series resonant circuit the value of reactance of
inductor increases.
 By increasing the frequency of RLC series resonant circuit the value of reactance of
capacitor decreases.
 By increasing the frequency of RLC series resonant circuit the difference between value
of reactance of inductor and reactance of capacitor increase.
 The resonance frequency from Graph is:
fr = 1300 Hz
 The graphical comparison of reactance of inductor XL, capacitor XC and XL-XC on and
the Frequency F shows that on the resonance frequency the value of reactance of
capacitor and inductor become equal and have opposite effect to each other so at this
resonance frequency the current passes only from resistor.
 Hence, Maximum amount of current flows 13.955703mA in the circuit at its resonance
frequency 1300Hz.

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