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com/‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻨﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﻋﺒﺩﺎﻟﻮﻟﻰ "ﺳﺎﺩﺎﺕ"‬

‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻬﺎﯼ ز زﻣ ﻨ‬
‫ﺁﺁﺑﻬﺎﯼ‬
‫• ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺁﺁﺑﻬﺎﯼ زﯾﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﯽ ﻮ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ر‬‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ و ﺑ ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﭘ‬
‫• ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺁب در زﯾﺮ زﻣﻴﻨﯽ‪ :‬در ﻓﻀﺎهﺎ و ﺧﻠﻞ و‬
‫ﻓﺮج رﯾﺰ ددر زﻣﻴﻦ )ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ (‬
‫ﻓ ج‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻊ ﺁﺁب ددر ز زﻣ‬
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻮز‬
‫• ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ اﺷﺒﺎع )هﻮاﮔﻴﺮ(‪:‬‬
‫دﯾﮕﺮ از‬
‫– ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از ﻓﻀﺎهﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ از ﺁب و ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ دﯾﮕ‬
‫هﻮا ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ اﻧﺪ‬
‫اﺷﺒﺎع‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺷ ﺎ‬
‫• ﻄ‬
‫– ﺗﻤﺎم ﻓﻀﺎهﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ از ﺁب ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ اﺳﺖ‬
‫• ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﺴﺘﺎﺑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁب زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫اﺷﺒﺎع و ﻏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺷ ﺎع‬
‫ﺷﻴﺒﺪار ﺑﻴﻦ ﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ ﺷ ﺪا‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ا ﺖ‬‫– ﻄﺤ‬
‫اﺷﺒﺎع ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎر اﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ب درر زﯾﺮز‬
‫ﻮزﯾﻊ ﺁب‬
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ‬
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‫ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ آب زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ و ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ اﻓﺘﺎدن ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫آآب‬
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‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠ‬
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‫ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻤﭙﺎژ در ﺳﻔﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺣﻠ‬
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‫زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ و زﻳﺮزﻣﻴﻨ‬
‫ارﺗﺒﺎط آب ﺳﻄﺤ‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺁﺁب ز زﻣ ﻨ‬
‫ﺣ ﮐﺖ‬
‫• ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬
‫– اوﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫– ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ((‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮذ ﺬ‬
‫ﺗﺮاواﯾﯽ ) ﻔ ذ‬
‫• ا ا‬
‫– ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺁب از ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻀﺎهﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫• ﺑﺎر هﻴﺪروﻟﻴﮑﯽ )اﻧﺮژﯼ ﺁب(‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﺸﯽ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎرﯼ و ﺟﻨ ﺸ‬
‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﯼ‬
‫اﻧﺮژﯼ ﺘﺎﻧ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻧ ژﯼ‬
‫– ﺠ ﻮع‬
‫• ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁب زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ و ﻗﺎﻧﻮن دارﺳﯽ‬
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‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎر ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜ‬
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‫ﮔﺮادﻳﺎن ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺁﺁب ز زﻣ ﻨ‬
‫ﻔ ﻩ‬
‫• ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺁﺁزاد )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺒﻮس(‪:‬‬
‫– داراﯼ ﺳﻄﺢ اﯾﺴﺘﺎﺑﯽ ﺁب اﺳﺖ‬
‫• ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﺤﺒﻮس ﯾﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎر‪:‬‬
‫اﯾﺴﺘﺎﺑﯽ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ا‬
‫داراﯼ ﻄ‬ ‫– اا‬
‫– ﺳﻔﺮﻩ ﺁرﺗﺰﯾﻦ‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ ددر ﻃ ﻌﺖ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﺁب ز زﻣ ﻨ‬
‫• ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺁﺁب زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫– ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ‬
‫– ذوب ﺑﺮف‬
‫– رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫• ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ از ﺁب زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﭼ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﭼﺸﻤﻪ هﺎﯼ ﺁب ﮔﺮم‬ ‫–‬
‫ﺁﺑﻔﺸﺎن‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ‬ ‫–‬
‫ﻗﻨﺎت‬ ‫–‬
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‫ﻗﻨﺎت‬
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‫زﯾﺮزﻣﻴﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻬﺎﯼ ز زﻣ ﻨ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺁﺁﺑﻬﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎر ﻓ ﺎ ﺸ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎ‬
‫• اﻧﺤﻼل‪ ،‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و رﺳﻮب ﮔﮔﺬارﯼ‬
‫• ﻏﺎرهﺎ و ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ )اﻧﺤﻼل ﺁهﮑﻬﺎ(‬
‫– ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﺸﮑﻴﻞ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ ‪Karst‬‬
‫ﺑﺮاﯼ ﺁﺁب‬
‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ا‬
‫ﻞ ﮐ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫• ﺎ‬
‫• ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ اﻧﺤﻼﻟﯽ ﺑﺮاﯼ ﺁب‬
‫• ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
‫• ﻏﺮﻗﺎب ﺷﺪن ﺳﻄﺢ زﻣﻴﻦ‬
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