‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻬـﺎﺭ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﮑـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻇـﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ )ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ( ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪«Manual Valves» :‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ » ‪Valves‬‬

‫‪.« Control‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪“Electric motor operated vlves” :‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪.«Solenoid Valves» :‬‬

‫ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﮐـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﮐــﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ » ‪«Needle Valves‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
 ‫‪ -۲‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﺭﻱ » ‪«Plug or Cock Valves‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ »‪«Globe Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ »‪«Gate Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ » ‪«Diaphragm Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﮑﻄﺮﻓﻪ »‪«Non return, or check Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۷‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ »‪«Butterfly Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۸‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ » ‪«Safety Valves‬‬

‫‪ -۹‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ »‪«Control Valves‬‬

‫‪“Electric motor‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۰‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫”‪operated Valves‬‬
‫‪ -۱۱‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ”‪“Solenoid Valves‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻴﮑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ‪ p.v.c‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻮﻟﻴﮑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫) ‪(pogy vinil chloride‬‬
‫‪-۲‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺠﻲ )ﺁﻟﻴ ﺎﮊ ﻣﺲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ( ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮐﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺰﻱ )ﺁﻟﻴ ﺎﮊ ﻣﺲ ﻗﻠﻊ( ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﮏ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﮐﻢ )ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۳۰۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ‪ ۳۵۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۳۵۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﺭ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻴ ﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳ ﺪﺳﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ )‪ (Erosion‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ )‪ (Corrosion‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻴ ﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪،‬ﺣﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺸﮑﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﮏ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۱‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮐﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺟﺰﭘﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﮐﺸـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻌﺎﺵ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﮐﺸـﻲ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﻤـﻞ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۲‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﮐﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺪ؟‬

‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ؟‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﻻ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﺮﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ؟‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﺻﻮ ﹲ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻗـﺒ ﹲ‬

‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻧﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۴‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳ ﻂ ﮐﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-۵‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺕ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ – ﺯﻧـﮓ ﺯﺩﮔـﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪-‬ﺟﻨﺒـﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺳـﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﻮﻧﻴـﺖ »‪ «Ebonite‬ﻳـﺎ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﮏ »‪ «Plastic‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﮏ »‪ «Ceramic‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ »‪ «Glass‬ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺪﻥ »‪ ،«Cast iron‬ﺑﺮﻧﺰ‬

‫»‪ ، «Bronze‬ﻧﻴﮑﻞ »‪ ،«Nickel‬ﻣﺲ »‪ ،«Copper‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩ »‪ ،«Steel‬ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ »‪«Stainless steel‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ »‪ «Aluminium‬ﻭ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ » ‪ «Titanium‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ‪،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ً)□‪∆p = Pressur drop (Ib/‬‬

‫‪K = bead loss Coeficient‬‬
‫)‪Q = flow (gal/min‬‬
‫‪S = specific gravity‬‬
‫)‪A = Nominal valve area (in2‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‪ ∆p :‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ =K‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‬

‫‪ =Q‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻤﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬

‫‪ =S‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬

‫‪ =A‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬

‫‪ -۶‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻳﮑـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣــﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﮐـﻪ ﺷـﺮ”‪”UNIT ACUATING‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ‪،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺗﻴﮑﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻳﺎﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻳـﺎ ﻏﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ”‪ “ACTUATOR‬ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﮐ ﻨﺪ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ؛ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻳﺎ‬

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‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺧﺸﮏ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﺦ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺋﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪“AIR‬‬

‫”‪ DEYER‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻬﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﺦ ﻧﺰﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ”‪“DIAPHRAHM‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ”‪”PISTON ACTUATOR‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ”‪”MANUAL ACTUATOR‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﻭﻩ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﻊ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﮐــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺷــﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐــﺎﺭ ”‪ “OPERATION‬ﻭﺷــﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫”‪ “REMOTE OPER-AUTOMTIC‬ﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺰﺭﮒ ﻳـﺎ ﮐﻮﭼـﮏ )ﮐـﻪ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
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‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ (ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼـﻴﻦ ﮐـﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﺩﻫﻬﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
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‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧـﻲ )ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺮﮐـﺐ (‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺑﻴﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﮐـﺮﺩ ﺩﺭﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ‪ ۲۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺮﮐـﻪ ) ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﻩ( ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻳﺴـﺘﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭﻓﻨﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ‪ :‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻳـﮏ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟــﻨﺲ ﻻﺳــﺘﻴﮏ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﺑﺪﻧــﻪ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ –ﻫ ـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸــﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳ ـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -۲‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴ ﺴﺘﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﺯ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻴ ﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ Posioner‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﮑﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ”‪“Gate Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻪﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﻣﻲ »‪ «A‬ﻭ »‪ «B‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ»‪ «A‬ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ )‪ (Gaste‬ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ »‪ «B‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺼـﺎﺩﻡ ﺑـﺎ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺗﻼﻃـﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬

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 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﻲﻫﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ )ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻ( ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻠﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )‪ (Flange‬ﻭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻻﺋﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ )‪ (Gasket‬ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﻧـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻭ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻳﺎ ﮐﺎﭘﻮﺕ ﻳﺎ )‪ (Bonnet‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸـﺖ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ )‪ (Body‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ )‪ (Bonnet‬ﮔﺎﺳﮑﺖ )‪ (Gasket‬ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )‪(stem‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﮏ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ )‪ (Hand wheel‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺸﻮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪ (Gaste‬ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﮑﺲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬

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 ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ »‪ «Stuffing box‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Packing‬ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ﮔﻴـﺮﻩ )‪ (Gland‬ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ‪ Packing‬ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻳﮑـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ‪ Packing‬ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻣـﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ‪ Packing‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﮐﺸﻮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﭘﮑﻴ ﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎ ‪ ۳۵۰‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )‪ (Stem shear pin‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﻭﺭ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺮﻳﺴﮑﺎﺭﻱ )‪ (Grease injection fitting‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸﻮ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ )‪ (Liner‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ )‪.(Extremely corrosion Resistant‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪:‬‬

‫‪Plug‬‬ ‫‪ -۳‬ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ‬ ‫‪Valve body‬‬ ‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫‪Bellows‬‬ ‫‪ -۴‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ‬ ‫‪Liner‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۰۱‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ‬

‫‪stuffing box‬‬ ‫‪ -۵‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﭘﮑﻴﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪seat‬‬ ‫‪ -۲‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ”‪“Rising stem gate valve‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﮐـﻪ ﭘـﻴﭻﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﻮﺵ‬

‫ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑـﻮﺵ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﮐـﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ ﺑـﻮﺵ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬

‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﮐـﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ ﮐﺸـﻮﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣـﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﮐـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻳـﮏ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ )‪ (Yokc‬ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ »ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ« ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ )‪outside stem‬‬

‫‪ os/Y and‬ﻳﺎ‪ .( yoke‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮏ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺛــﺮﺍﺕ ﻧــﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺷ ـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺧــﻞ ﺷ ـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣــﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺿــﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﻠــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳــﺘﺮﺱ ﺑــﻮﺩﻥ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏﻨﮑﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ »‪(N R S valve) «Non Rising stem Gate Valve‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﮐﻨـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﮏ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﭼﺮﺧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﮐﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸـﻮ ﮐـﺎﺭ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ N R S‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻳـﭙﭻ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺯﻧـﮓ ﺯﺩﮔـﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﮑـﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﮑـﺎﺭﻱ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺸـﮑﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺷـﺪﻩ »‪ «Bonnet threaded on the inside‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ ﻣـﻲﮐﻨـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﭻﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺌﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫)ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬ ‫) ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬ ‫)ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ”‪“Pressure drop‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺩﻧـﻪ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻠـﻲ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﮏ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ﺑـﻪ ‪%۱۵‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ %۲۰‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺤﺼـﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻓـﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﮑﺎﮎ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪(J Gat Valves) j‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪۱۰۰۰۰‬ﻭ‪ ۱۵۰۰۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‪ ۲۰ F‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۲۵۰ F‬ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺪ – ﮐﺸـﻮﻱ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳـﮏ‬

‫ﺑــﻮﺵ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼــﻪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ )‪ (one – piece seat bushing‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺻــﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )‪(grease retainer plates‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳـﮏ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪ j‬ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ) ‪ (Valve Dimensional data‬ﮐـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ‪j‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ‬

‫‪١٥‬‬
١٦
١٧
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬

‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪١٩‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ j-2‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ۲۰۰۰۰‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪(Body materials‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭼﺪﻧﻲ – ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺟﻨﺒـﻪ ﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ – ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻫـﻢ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ) ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪ ۱۲۵‬ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ "‬

‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪ Sguare inch gauge"p.s.i.g" pounds per‬ﻭ ‪ ۳۷۵‬ﺩﺭﺟـــﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳــﺖ )‪ ( ۳۷۵ F‬ﻭ ﻳــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷـــﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫‪ ۲۵۰P.S.I.G.‬ﻭ)‪.( ۴۵۰ f‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺰ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﮕـﻲ ‪ Cast Bronz‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﮐـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﺋﻲ ) ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺁﺏ – ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪p.s.i.g.‬‬

‫‪ ۲۵۰‬ﻭ‪ (۴۰۰ F‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﮕﻲ ‪ – Cast Carbon steel‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻟﺰ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﮐـﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ )‪ (oil‬ﻳـﺎ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ )‪ (Petochemical industries‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ)‪ ، (air‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷـﺪﻩ )‪ (saturated steam‬ﻳـﺎ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﻥ ‪۸۵۰ F‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟــﻨﺲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻳﺴــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﻴﺒــﺪﻥ ﻭﮐــﺮﺑﻦ ‪ Carbon – moiybdenum – steel‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻓــﻮﻻﺩ –‬

‫ﻣﻠﻴﺒﺪﻥ – ﮐﺮﻡ ‪ Chrome – molybdenum steel‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻧﻘﻴﻤﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤﮑـﻢ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ‪ Gasket‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺮﭘﺶ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻓﺮﺳـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ‪Gasket‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﮐﺸﻮ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ‪ ،‬ﮐﺸﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺑـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣـﻲﮐﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣـﻮﺵ ﻧﮑﻨـﻴﻢ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺣﺮﮐـﺖ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﮐـﺎﻣ ًﹶ‬

‫‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (pressure drop‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﮐـﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ )‪ (Turbulence‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ (clearance overhead‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ) ‪ ( N R S‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﻠﻘـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﻢ ﺟـﺪﺍ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﮐﺸـﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠﻘـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺸﻮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ‪،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﺸﻮ ﻭﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺍﺻـﻄﮑﺎﮎ )‪ (Friction‬ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﮐﺸﻮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﮑـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﮐـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (Throttling‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﮐﺸــﻮ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﻓﺮﺳــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑــﻞ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟــﺐ ﻓﺮﺳــﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺸﻮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺸﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺍﺋـﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻓﺮﺳـﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬

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‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼـﻮﻥ ﻛﺸـﻮ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺫﻭﺯﻧﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸـﻜﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻏﻠـﺐ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﮔـﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ Solid Wedge Gate Valve‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﮔﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ (Seat Rings‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻛﺸـﻮ‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪(Seat Ring‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻭﺏ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﮔـﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫـﺎ )ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺍﻧﻘﺒـﺎﺽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴـﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﺭﻳﻨــﮓ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺠــﺎﻱ ﭘــﻴﭻ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺟﻮﺷــﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧــﻪ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ٣١٦‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫)ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ‪ ٣١٦‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ -‬ﻣﻨﮕﻨـﺰ‪ -‬ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺴـﻴﻢ‪-‬ﻛـﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻜـﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒـﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻌــﻴﻦ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟــﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺟﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﻣــﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﺠــﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧــﺪﮔﻲ )‪ (Corrosion‬ﻳــﺎ ﺳــﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ )‪ (Erosion‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳــﺪ‬

‫ﺭﻳﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ‪ ٤٤٠٠‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ‪Packing‬‬

‫ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺒـﻪ ﻧﺴـﻮﺯ )‪ (Asbestose‬ﻭ ﺗﻔﻠـﻦ‬

‫)‪ (Teflon‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ ٤٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ )‪ (٤٠٠ F‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻔﻠﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺁﻥ ﻛـﻢ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪٥٠٠ F‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ )‪(Parallel Discs and Wedges‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ‪ Discs‬ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻛﺸﻮ ﮔﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ‪) Upper Wedge‬ﮔـﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ( ﻭ ‪) Lower Wedge‬ﮔـﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ(‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﮔـﻮﺓ ﺗﺤﺘــﺎﻧﻲ ‪ Lower Wedge‬ﻳـﺎ )‪ (Spreader‬ﺑــﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬــﺎﻱ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺳــﺪ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ‪ (Stop‬ﻧﻤــﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﮔـﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ‬

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‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﺴﻚﻫـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄـﺮﻑ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ (Seat Rings‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺭﺍ ‪(Tight‬‬

‫‪ (Closing‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴـﺎﻁ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﻮﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭ ﮔـﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﺘـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ‬

‫ﮔﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺗﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﮔﻮﻩ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺩﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺗﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ )‪ (Parallel Discs‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ( ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﮔﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ )‪(Split Gate‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻄـﺎﻑ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ )‪(Split Gate Flexible‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺸـﻮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻧﻌﻄـﺎﻑ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﮔﺸـﺖﺁﻭﺭ ﺣﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴـﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Spectacle Plate‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ )‪ (Spectacle eye‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ (Line Bolind‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺿـﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Line Blind Valve‬ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ) ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ( ﻳﺎ ‪ Penstock‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٦‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪(Penstock‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺍﻱ )‪(Line Blind‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ )‪(Globe Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ‪ ١٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬

‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮﻭﻥ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪﺍﻱ )‪ (Rising Stem‬ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫)‪) (Non-Rising Stem‬ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٧‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ )‪(Globle Valves‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻼﻃﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ ،(Seat‬ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ )‪ (Friction‬ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -٨‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ )‪ (Erosion‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ )‪ (Throttling‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ‪ A‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬

‫‪ B‬ﺍﺩﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ‪ B‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ‪ A‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻭﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺤﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ‬

‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﺪ ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Angle Globe Valves‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ‬

‫ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ‪ Seat Ring‬ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ ‪(Plug‬‬

‫‪ (Disc‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Seat Ring‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ‪ Plug Disc‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ Plug Disc .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﺳـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ‪ Composition Disc‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺧـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳـﻔﺖ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﺑﺠـﺎ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﻧـﺎﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧـﺎﺟﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﹰﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ )‪ (Disc‬ﺑﻨﺎﻡ )ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻱ( ﻳـﺎ )‪ (Conventional Disc‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻧــﻮﻉ )‪ (Conventional Disc‬ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺳــﻄﺢ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻛــﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺷــﻴﺮ )‪(Plug Disc‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ )‪ (Conventional Disc‬ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪Plug‬‬

‫‪ Disc‬ﺍﺭﺟﺤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪ (Conventional Disc‬ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻓﻠـﺰ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻠـﺰ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺳـﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﮕﻴـﺮﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ )‪ (Conventional Disc‬ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Plug Disc‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ )‪(Globe Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴـﻴﺮ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﺯﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﺮﺱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ )‪ (Plug Type‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻜﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺯﻧﮓ ﻧﺰﻥ )‪ (Stainless Steel‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ )‪(YOKE‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ (Angle Valve) .‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ )‪ (Oblique Type‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬ ﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Plug Disc‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Plug Disc‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ )‪(Needle Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃـﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣـﺪﻭﺭ ﺳـﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ )‪ (Oblique Valve‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴـﻢ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳـﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺮﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ )‪(Plug Valves‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ‪ Plug‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Plug -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ‪ Plug‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ Plug ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Plug -٥‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -٦‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ‪ Plug‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ‪ Plug‬ﺑﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
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‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻤﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ (Plog or Cock Valve‬ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻂ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣـﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻛـﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ‪ Plug‬ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ )ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ( Plug‬ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ ﻳـﺎ ﺭﻭﻏـﻦ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ‪(Grease‬‬

‫‪ (Check Valve‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋـﻴﻦ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﻧـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ ﻳـﻚ ﭘـﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﺑـﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻳﺴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭼـﺮﺏ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺧـﻮﺏ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ‪ Plug ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺨﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤـﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ‬

‫‪٣٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺧﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﻳـﺎ ﺧﺸـﻚ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﺣـﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﻣﺎﻧـﺪ ﻭﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ Plug‬ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻥ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺤﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﺮﻳﺴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺖﺧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸـﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺨـﺶ )ﺗـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ ٦٠٠٠‬ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ( ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪ Plug Valve‬ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻻ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﭘـﻼﮒ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﭘـﻼﮒ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﺎﺩ ﮔﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ‬

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‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Plug Valve‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﭘﻲ )‪ (Plug‬ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Plug Valve‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻫـﺮ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ‬

‫ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﮔـﺮﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻫـﺮ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﮔﺮﻳﺲ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺭﺟﺤـﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﭘﻼﮒ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ )‪(Taper Plug‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺩﻭﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﺎﻧﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﺍﺋـﻲ ﺑﺎﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﻄﺢ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻟﺒﻪ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ )‪ (Top-entry Ball Valve‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Top-Entry‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪(Welded-Body Ball Valve‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻴـﺪ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ )‪ (Stem Seal‬ﻳـﺎ )‪(Lip Seal‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ )‪ (Trunnions‬ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﻳـﺮﺓ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ )ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ( ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Top-Entry Ball Valves‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟـﻪ ‪Ball bore‬‬

‫)‪ ، (B‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ )‪ ،(Steam Size‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ )‪ (Raised face length) (A‬ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺧـﻂ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ )‪ (Centerline to bottom) (C‬ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪Top-Entry‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃـﻲ )ﺳـﻤﺎﻭﺭﻱ( ‪ Plug Cock Design‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﻫـﺎ ‪ Polymers‬ﻭ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺻـﻤﻎﻫـﺎ ‪ Elastomers‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﻓـﻮﻻﺩ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫‪ Austenitic‬ﻭ ﻛﻤــﻚ ﺯﺑﺎﻧــﻪ )‪ (Seat‬ﻭ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ (Seat‬ﻧــﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳــﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑــﺮ ﻣﺸــﻜﻼﺕ ﺟﺎﺑﺠــﺎ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﺗﺶﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺁﺗـﺶ ﺳـﻮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺸـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ )‪ (Torque‬ﻛـﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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٤٢
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ )‪ (Full Bore‬ﻳـﺎ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘـــﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـــﺪ )‪ (Reducted Bore‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣـــﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﻼﻃـــﻢ )‪ (Turbulence‬ﻭ ﺍﻓـــﺖ ﻓﺸـــﺎﺭ )‪(Pressure Drop‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻـﻮﻻً ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ -١ :‬ﮔﻠﻮﻟـﻪﺍﻱ ﺷـﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪ Floating Ball‬ﻭ ﮔﻠﻮﻟـﻪﺍﻱ ﺳـﻮﺍﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻧــﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ .Trunnion Mounted Ball‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ )‪ (One Piece Body End Entry‬ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪ (Top Entry Ball Valve‬ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ‪(Three Piece‬‬

‫‪ (Sandwich Type‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ٦٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Welded Body Ball Valve‬ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ "‪"Check Valve" or "Non-return Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸـﺖ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛـﻪ )ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ( ﺑﻤﻘﺼـﺪ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﺧـﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ‪ -١‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺑـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺮﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺘـﺮ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﮔﺮﻳـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﭽﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ )‪(Check Valve‬‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪ (Disc‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣـﻪ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﺘﻲ )ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺸــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽــﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛــﻪ ﻗﺼــﺪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸــﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺑﺴــﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺟﺴـﺎﻡ ﻣـﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ‪Swing Check Valve‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ‪Lift Check Valve‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻲ ﺻﺪﺍ ‪Non-Slam Chec Valve‬‬

‫‪) -٤‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ‪( Check Valve ,Stop Valv‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ Ball Disc Dash Pot‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪(Swing Chek Valve‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟـﻮﻻﺋﻲ )‪ (Hinge‬ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪Working Pressur‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺟـــﻪ ﺣـــﺮﺍﺭﺕ )‪ (Temperature‬ﺳـــﺮﻋﺖ ﻣـــﺎﻳﻊ )‪ (Velocity Of Liquid‬ﺍﻓـــﺖ ﺍﺻـــﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻣﺠـــﺎﺯ‬

‫‪ ((Permissible Friction Losses‬ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺖ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪،‬‬

‫‪ ((Rapid Reflux Conditions in System‬ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓـﻪ ‪ Swing Check‬ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﻳـﻚ ﻟـﻮﻻﺋﻲ ‪ Single Hinged Pattern‬ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻨﭽﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﺍﻱ ‪ Multi-Door Patterns‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻓـﻮﺗﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺗﻼﻃـﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ )‪(Lift Check Valve‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺧــﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻛــﺮﻭﻱ )‪ (Ball Valve‬ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺯﺍﻭﻳــﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫)‪ (AngleValve‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Disc Check -١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ Disc‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Ball Check -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Piston Check -٣‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )‪(Dash-Pot‬‬

‫‪٤٧‬‬
‫‪ Screw Down Stop And Check Valve -٤‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ Disc‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ‪ Disc‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ )‪(Swing Check‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﻨﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ‪Swing Check‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓﻪ ﻧ ﻮﻉ‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪ Swing Check‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺗﻼﻃﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺿـــﻌﻴﺖ ﻫـــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـــﻒ ﺷـــﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓـــﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧـــﺪﻩ ‪) Lift Check Valve‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽـــﻪ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛـــﺮﻭﻱ(‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻗﺘﻦ ‪ Disc‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻩ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪ Disc ،‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﺸﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ Disc‬ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻋﻤــﻮﺩﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﺯﺑﺎﻧـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤــﻞ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺠـﺎﻱ ﺧـﻮﺩﺑﺮ ﻣـﻲﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬

‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺪﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪Swing Check Valve‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﻄﺮﻓـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪ Swing Check Valve‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨـﺪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٦٧٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ )‪(Multi-Flap‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻧـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪External Lever And) .‬‬
‫‪(Weight‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ )ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ( ‪Diaphragm Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ ،Body‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ‪ Diaphragm‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ‪.Bonnet‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﻴـﺎﺝ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮﻳـﺰﺩ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﭘـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﻲ ﻓﺎﻳـﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺫﻭﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻘـﺮﻭﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻴﭻ ﻭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻧﻤـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﻓﻠﻨﺞﺩﺍﺭ )‪(Flanged Diaphragm Valve‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﺁﻣﻴـﺰ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺰﺣﻤـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﻨـﺎﺱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜـﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ )‪ (Bonnet‬ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺁﻟـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺸـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻅ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻡ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﮔﻞﺁﻟﻮﺩ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺳـﺨﺖ )ﻣﻌﻠـﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ( ﻭ ﻟﺠـﻦ ﻭ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺷـﻦ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ٦٥‬ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪ ٢٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻏـﺬﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺒﻨﻴـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﻔﺘـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﮔﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Butterfly Valve‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻔـﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ ﺑﺪﻧـﺔ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ ﻣـﺪﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )‪ (Actuator‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒـﹰﺎ ﮔﺮﻳﺴـﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻀـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧـﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ )‪(Auto-Lock Handle‬ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ )‪ (Manual Worm Great Actuator‬ﺗـﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻫـﺮﻡ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﻠﻜـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺣـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻻ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠـﺎﺕ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﻣـﺪﻥ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢﻫـﺎ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺭﺳـﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨـﺎﺯﻥ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﻜﻲ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺟـﺪﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﺎﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﻭ ﺷـﻬﺮﺕ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ‪ -٢‬ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻟﻐﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ‪ -٣‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ -٤‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ‪-٥‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ -٦‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ )ﺍﻋـﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Buttrfly Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ‪ -٢‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ‪ -٣‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪:‬ﺑﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔـﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔـﺎﺯ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ‪ -٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ )‪(Wafer Pattern Butterfly Valve‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻤﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٥‬ﻓﻴـﺖ‬

‫)‪ ٤/٦‬ﻣﺘـﺮ( ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧــﺎﺯﻥ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﺳـﺮﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫــﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺕ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻣﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ ‪٢٧‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﺖ )‪ ٨/٢‬ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

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 ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ )‪(Double Flanged Butterfly Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻃـﺮﺯ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻨﺠـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ )ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ( ﻳﺎ )‪ (Up stream‬ﻣـﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ‪) ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ( )‪ (Down Stream‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪ Wafer Pattern Butterfly Valve‬ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﺑﻴﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﺼـﻠﻨﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺑـﻪ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ‪ Lugged Flanged‬ﻳـﺎ ‪ Single Flanged‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺩﻭﺑﻞ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻃـﺮﺯ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻛـﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻭﺷـﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Aceis' Elodis' Pygar' Gama‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺠـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ Plastomer‬ﻭ ‪ Elastomer‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ )‪ (Wafer Type And Flanged Type‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ )‪ (Danais‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒـﻖ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ )‪ (Tie Rod‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴـﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Down Stream‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ‪ Up Stream‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻔﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ Upstream‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪Plastomer‬‬

‫ﻭ ‪ Elastomer‬ﺗﺒﺤﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﺒـﻊ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫)‪ (Upstream‬ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ )‪ (Downstream‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ )‪ (Tie rod‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ Gasket‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﻠﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ‪ Elastomer‬ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺧﻠﻔـﻲ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﻭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ‪(Shaft Passage‬‬

‫)‪ Lever‬ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﻠﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻨﺒـﻪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ )ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ(‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻛﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ(‬

‫‪ -۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ‪General Features‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ -٢‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ‪ -٣‬ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ‪ -٤‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ ‪ -٥‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ Body‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺤـﺎﻓﻆ ‪ Casing‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻠﻘـﻮﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻴﭻ ﻭﺟـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭼـﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻮﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻮﻻﺩ ﺿـﺪﺯﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺁﻟﻴـﺎﮊ ﻣـﺲ ﻭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴـﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﭼـﺪﻥ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴـﺖ ﺣﻠﻘـﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٣،٢‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﻮﺵ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﮕـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺴـﻚ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼـﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﭼـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ )‪(Inner Lining‬‬

‫ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫‪ Elastomer‬ﻧﺌﻮﭘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻦ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻻ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪Screws Mounting‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪(Tie-rods mounting‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺑـﺮﻕ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (Motor Valve‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺠﻬـﺰ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ‪ Hand Jack‬ﻳـﺎ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ )‪ (Manual Actuator‬ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫‪٦٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻮﺗـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺑﻄـﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺳـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ )‪ (Remote Control‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗـﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﻗـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺁﺗـﺶ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪Remote‬‬

‫‪ Control‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺼـﺐ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻱ )ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ( ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﺠﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﭼـﺮﺥ‬

‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭼـﻮﻥ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴـﺮ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺤﺘـﺎﺝ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﻳﻨـﺪ‬
‫)‪(Gea Operator‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ )‪(Operating Difficulties‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺸـﺮﺡ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺠﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒـﻮﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ A‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺸﻮ(‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪ B‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ )‪ (Bonnet‬ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘـﻲ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫‪٦٢‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﭘـﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘـﺎﻙ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗـﻒ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺸـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﻚ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ )‪ (Coupling‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻴـﻮﺏ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ :‬ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﻧﻤـﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺘـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻠﻨـﺪ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ )‪ ،(Stuffing Box‬ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ )‪ ،(Packing‬ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﻨﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣﺘـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻼﻭﻳـﺰ )‪ (Tab‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻼﻭﻳـﺰ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺑﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﻗﻼﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Jack Screw‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳـﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻼ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻛﺸـﻮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺟﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬
 ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺮﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ‪Steam bushing is Stripped Or Broken‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺮﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﻗـﺎﺩﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺟﺮﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ )ﭼﺮﺥ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ( ‪ Hoist‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﭼﻜﺶ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻫـﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪Leakage Between The Bonnet And The Body‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ )‪ (Bonet‬ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪ Body‬ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﺗﺴـﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ )‪ (Metal Band‬ﺟﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺎﺳﻜﺖ )‪ (Gasket‬ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﮔـﺮ ‪ Gland‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺴـﺖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ‪ Packing‬ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗـﺎ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ )‪ (End Bush‬ﻭ ﺑـﻮﺵ ﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ‬

‫)‪ (Bonnet Bushing‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺖ ﺑـﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎﻡ ‪Back Seating‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Packing‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ )‪(Stuffing Box‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ )‪ (Stuffing Box‬ﻗﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ‪ Packing‬ﭘـﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ ﺗﺨﺼـﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫـﺮ ﻛـﺪﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟـﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﻜﻴﻨـﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬

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‫‪) Gland‬ﮔﻠﻨﺪ( ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﻤﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺵ ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮﺏ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺪﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﻮﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ )‪(Safety or Relief Valves‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﮓ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗـﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻇـﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴـﺎﺕ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻥ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻧـﺪﻩ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧـﺮﺍﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺳـﺖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺻـﺪﻣﻪ ﺩﻳـﺪﻥ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻋﻼﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺳـﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣـﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻴﻨﺎﻣـﻪ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻣﻄﻠـﻮﺑﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Safety Valve‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ( ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻼ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﮔﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻬـﻢ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻇـﺮﻑ )ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻻ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻇـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ( ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﻣﺴـﺎﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻇـﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧـﻪ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ )ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣﺸـﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪Safety‬‬ ‫‪-١‬‬

‫‪ Valve‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪Relief Valve‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬

‫‪ Safety Relief Valve‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧـﻲ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻤـﭗ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨـﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺟـﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻣﻀـﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﻨﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ( ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟـﻲ ﻣﻀـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ )ﻣﺴـﻤﻮﻡ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﺎﻝ( ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻌﻞ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷـﻜﻦ )‪ (Pressure Relief Valves‬ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩﹰﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺧـﺮﻭﺝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻇـﺮﻑ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ )ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ( ﻭﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ )‪ (Bellows‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ )ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻳـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍ(‬

‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠـﻮﺯ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸـﻮﺩ ﺍﻭ ﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭼـﻮﻥ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻇـﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺳـﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﹰﺎ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻇـﺮﻑ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷـﻜﻨﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ )‪ (Bellows‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠﺎﻉ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﺎ ‪Bellows‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻻ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻤﺖ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻓﻘـﻂ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﻠﻴـﻪ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭﺝ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺣﺬﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺮ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪Pressure‬‬

‫‪ (Vessel‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﺔ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ )‪ (Disc‬ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ‬

‫‪٦٩‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (Adjusting Bolt‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﻧﻪﺍﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺯﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺧـﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺗـﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺧـﻼﺀ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻨـﺪﻩ )‪(Condenser‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠﻠـﻲ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺧـﻼﺀ ﺍﺯ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻔﺘـﺪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎﺯ )ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﺣـﺪ ﺧـﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﺑﻴﻦ ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧـﻼﺀ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﺧـﻼﺀ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭﻧﮕـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺧـﻮﺏ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻧﺸـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺑـﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻨـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺧـﻼﺀ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻣﻜﻴـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﺔ ﺷـﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲﺁﻭﺭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺳـﺮﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫‪٧٠‬‬
‫ﺑﺘـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ﻛﻤﺮﺑﻨـﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳــﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨــﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ ﻛــﻪ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫــﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ )‪(Full Lift Safety Valve‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺧـﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻ‪(High Lift Safety Valve) :‬‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ )‪ D‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫‪٧١‬‬
 ‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ‪Ordinary Lift Safety Valve‬‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ )‪ D‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ )‪Seat‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪((Body‬‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻳـﺎ ﻭﺯﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪) Air Valve‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧـﻮﺍﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻛﺸـﻲ ﺁﺏ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻛـﻢ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﺑﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺤﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻓـﻮﺭﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧـﻼﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻥ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺒـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻼﺀ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻛﺴﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻻﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﻴـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﺔ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﭘـﺮ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺧـﺮﻭﺝ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ‪ Inlet‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ١٧‬ﺑﺎﺭ )‪(Bar‬‬

‫‪1bar = 14/5 Pounds Per Square Inches = 14/5/1b/□″‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻲ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ‪Bellows Sealed Valve‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﺸﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳـﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺑﻨـﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﻛـﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷـﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳـﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺋـﻲ ﻛـﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻻ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Globe Valve‬ﻭ ‪ Gast Valve‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ )‪(Automatic Control Valves‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟـﺔ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﺳـﻪ ﻓﺮﺳـﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻫـﻮﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗـﻲ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ )‪ (Body‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )‪ (Actuator‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻳـﻚ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﮔـﺎﻩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺧﻴﻠـﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺮ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﻨﺜﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﻴﻢ ﻛـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺖ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﺧﻮﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑﺮﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻏﻠـﺐ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬

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‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ‪ :Actuator‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﻬـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠـﺎ ﻧـﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﻛـﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺩﻳــﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺿــﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﮐﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪ :‬ﺟﺴﻢ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺠـﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﭘﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺟﺴـﻢ‬

‫ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﺎﺭﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫــﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑــﺮ ﺩﻳــﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑــﻪ ﺳــﺎﻗﺔ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺑﻜــﺎﺭ ﻣــﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻨــﺮ ﻣﺤــﺮﻙ ﺑــﻴﻦ ﺻــﻔﺤﺔ ﺩﻳــﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨـﺮ‬

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‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻓﻨﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻼﻓـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﺮﻩﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )‪ (Yoke‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Travel Indicator‬ﺗﻴﻐﺔ ﺑـﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ‬

‫ﻣـﺪﺭﺝ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﻴــﺎﺱ ﺗﺤـﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸــﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫــﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﻴــﺎﺱ ﺗﺤـﺮﻙ ‪ Travel Indicator Scale‬ﺻــﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺪﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ Travel Indicator‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )‪(Yoke‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ‬

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 ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ‪Valve Trim‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪Trim‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺑﻨـﺪﺁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻮﺵ‪ Cage ،Guides ،‬ﻭ ﻏﻴـﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﺔ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻞ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫)‪(Flow Characteristic‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪) Equal Percentage‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ(‬

‫‪) Linear Characteristic -٢‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻲ(‬

‫‪) Quick Opening -٣‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻟـﻲ ‪١٥‬‬

‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫‪ -٤،٤‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻮﺵ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺷﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪ -١،١‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﻩ‬

‫‪٧٩‬‬
 ‫‪ -٥،١‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ‬ ‫‪ -٢،١‬ﮔﺎﺳﻜﺖ‬
‫‪ -٥،٢‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫‪ -٥،٣‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﺸﻮ‬

‫‪ -٥،٤‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪٥-٣‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٦‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٤،١‬ﻓﻨﺮ‬

‫‪ -٨،١‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٦،١‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -٤،٢‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ )‪(V-Ring‬‬

‫‪ -٨،٢‬ﻣﻬــﺮﻩ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮﻁ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫‪ -٧‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻛﺸﻮ‬ ‫‪ -٤،٣‬ﺩﻳﺴﻚ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺡ ‪Equal Percentage‬‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺍﮔـﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ‪ %١٠‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑـﺎ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﮔـﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﺣﺠــﻢ ﺳــﻴﺎﻝ ﭘــﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌــﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ١٠٠+١٠٠=١١٠٠‬ﮔــﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫــﺪ ﺷــﺪ‬

‫)‪.(١٠٠٠ * %١٠=١٠٠‬‬

‫‪ Linear Characteristic -٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺭﻓـﺘﻦ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %٥٠‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ %٥٠‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Quick Opening Characteristic -٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﺭﻋﺎﻳـﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﺨـﻮﺑﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺤـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧـﻮ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ‪ Plug‬ﻭ ‪ Seal‬ﻭ ﻃـﺮﺯ ﺳـﻮﺍﺭ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑــﻪ ﻋﺒــﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕــﺮ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﺑﻨــﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻜــﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘــﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ‬

‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺟــﻨﺲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻃــﺮﺯ ﺳــﻮﺍﺭ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬــﺎ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻢ ﺍﺻــﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ‪Spring Return Actuator‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻨﻀـﻤﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳـﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ )‪ (Patent‬ﻣﺤﺴـﻮﺏ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ Sapa15 ,Sapa8‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﻧـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ‪ Rack And Pinion‬ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Actuator‬ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺭﻓـﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻣـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫‪ Sapa30‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﻟﻨـﮓ )‪ (Rod And Crank Kinematic‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻓﻨﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Sapa30‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﻟــﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺩﺳــﺘﻲ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣــﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪Manual Override For) .‬‬

‫‪ (Emergency Control‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨـﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(Optional Adjustable Mechanical Travel Stop‬‬

‫‪٨١‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ‪Piston Actuator‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﺳـﺎﺩﻩﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻞ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻩ )‪ (Signal‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪PA30‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘﺼـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ PA8‬ﻭ ‪ PA15‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﮔـﻮﺵ ﻣﺘﺼـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ‪ Pinion‬ﻭ ‪ Mandrel‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ PA30‬ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺴـﻤﺔ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣﻬـﺮﺓ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺳـﺮ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟــﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺳــﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ‪ Solenoid‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴــﺘﻦ ﻭﺑــﺎﺯ ﻛــﺮﺩﻥ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷــﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻤﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻈــﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Positioner‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ )ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Positioner‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ )ﺳـﺮﻱ ‪ Double Acting Actuators (PA‬ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻱ‬

‫)‪ Spring Return Actuators (SAPA‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪Accurate And Relible Operation‬‬

‫‪٨٢‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪Long life‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪Water And Dust Resistant‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ ٣‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٥‬ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬

‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻭﺿـﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻀـﺮﺏ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻴـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻳﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ‪ ١٠‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻭ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ‪ ١٢‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪W‬‬
‫=‪P‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ= ‪A‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭ = ‪W‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ = ‪P‬‬

‫‪W = P. A.‬‬
‫‪10 × (12) 2 × 3.14‬‬
‫=‪W‬‬ ‫‪= 1130 .4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ١١٣٠/٤‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻮﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ )ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ١٥‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻄـﺮﻑ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴـﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ‪ Air To Open‬ﻳـﺎ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ‪) Air To Close‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻨﺮ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﮔﺮ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (Detector‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺳـﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺒﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻻ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶﻫـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﺔ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺴـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴـﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ ﺗﺸـﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ )‪ (١‬ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫)‪ (٣‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﺔ ‪Pneumatic Control‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫‪٨٥‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺮﺍﻛﺖ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ -٥،٣‬ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ )ﻳﻮﻍ(‬ ‫‪ -١،١‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -١،٢‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻟﻮﻻﺋﻲ‬

‫‪ -٦،١‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -١،٣‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪ -١،٤‬ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫‪ -٨،١‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬

‫‪ -٨،٢‬ﻣﻬﺮﺓ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫‪ -٣،١‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ -٤‬ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﻮﻉ )‪(O-Ring‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ )‪(Solenoid Valve‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺭﻭﭘﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻴﻢﭘـﻴﭻ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻳـﻚ ﺁﻫـﻦﺭﺑـﺎ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﺳـﻠﻮﻧﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻤﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻟﺨـﻮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﭘﻮﺵﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻴﻠـﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻮﺭﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﺁﻫـﻦﺭﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺩﻫـﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ ﮔـﺮﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻛﻨـﻴﻢ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻄـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺭﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺤـﻮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﻓـﻮﺭﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒـﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑﻤﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻻ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﻓـﻮﺭﻱ )‪ (Emergency Shut Down‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‬

‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
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‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
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‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺍﻟـﻒ‪ Direct Acting Two Way U-Cup Design Solenoid Valve :‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻼﻝ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺏ‪ Angle Pattern Two-Way Solenoid Valve :‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺝ‪ Two-Way Pilot Operated Valve :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺠـﻢ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ )ﺝ (‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ )ﺍﻟﻒ(‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ )ﺏ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪) ٢ A‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ(‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪) ١ B‬ﺑﺎﺯ(‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﺤﻮﻃﺔ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ‪Housing‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪Stationary Core‬‬

‫‪ -٨‬ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪Bonnet‬‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ‪Shading Coil‬‬

‫‪ -٩‬ﻓﻨﺮ ‪Spring‬‬ ‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭻ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ‪Solenoid Coil‬‬

‫‪ -١٠‬ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ‪Disc‬‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ‪Core Tube‬‬

‫‪ -١١‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ‪Body‬‬ ‫‪ -٥‬ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪Movable Core‬‬

‫‪ -٦‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ‪Coil Connection‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ٥‬ﺭﺍ )ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽـﻲ ﺳـﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٣‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٩‬ﻭ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٤‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻣﻐﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨـﻲ ﻣﺘﺤـﺮﻙ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﻣﻴـﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴـﻲ ﻣﻐـﺰﻱ ﺁﻫﻨـﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻤﺤـﺾ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٩‬ﻣﺠـﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻐـﺰﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﻭﭘـﻮﺵﺩﺍﺭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽـﻲﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﻲ )‪ (Timer‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺟـﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻮﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺤـﻮ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
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‫ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻓﺮﻋـﻲ ﻣﻘﻄـﺮ‬
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‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﺔ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻫـﻢ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺿـﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺖ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋـﻲ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠـﻪ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
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‫ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺭﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻـﹰﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻـﻄﻼﺡ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﺎﻡ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ )‪Pressure‬‬

‫‪ (Regulator‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ )‪ (By Pass‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٨٩‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫‪٩٠‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪ (Pressure Control‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩١‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ‪ E‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ‪ F‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻠﻮﺕ ‪ P‬ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪ .(Pilot‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﭘﻴﻠـﻮﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﻠﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪ H‬ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺯﻳـﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﮔـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ‪ J‬ﺑـﻪ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ L‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﭘﻴﻠﻮﺕ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﺖ ﻋﻤـﻞ ‪Feed Back‬‬

‫)ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ‪ N‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﺳﻮﺯﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑﻘﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛـﻢ ﺑﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﻠﻮﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭ ﺑﭙﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﮑﺲ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٢‬‬
‫ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻓﺸــﺎﺭ ‪ :Pressure Control Valve‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ Self Operated‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ‬

‫‪ Automatic Process Control‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ :Pressre Reducing Valve‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪ Downstream‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ‪ Reducing Valve‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Pressure Retaining Valve‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ‪ Self Operated Valve‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ‪ Upstream‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻻ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ‪ Pressure Reducing Valve‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪Indirect Control Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﮕـﺎﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺧـﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫‪.External Control Piping‬‬

‫‪٩٣‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ Self-Contained -‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ External Sensing‬ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‪ External-Piped -‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ External Sensing‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ Spring Loaded -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ )‪ (Loading Element‬ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‪ Weight Loaded -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻳـﺎ ﻭﺯﻧـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ‪ Weight Or Weighted Lever‬ﺑﺠـﺎﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫـ ـ ‪ Pressure Loaded‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‪ Tight Closing -‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻭﺟـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻨـﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻻ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺯ‪ Non-Tight Closing -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻋﻜـﺲ ﻧــﻮﻉ »ﻭ« ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻏﻠــﺐ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽــﻪﺍﻱ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣــﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ‪ Pilot Operated -‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﭘـﺲ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ‪Fire Hydrant Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻤﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻣﺒـﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺗـﺶ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻲ ‪ Ground Hydrant‬ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪Screw Down Hydrant -١‬‬

‫‪Sluice Valve Type -٢‬‬

‫‪Pillar Hydrant -٣‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ Screw Down Hydrant‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺭﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ )ﺑـﺎ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻗﻄـﻊ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ(‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪ Sluice‬ﻛـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﺗـﺶ ﻧﺸـﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ .‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺳـﻮﻡ‬

‫‪ Pillar Hydrant‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﻳـﺎ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ Stand Pipe‬ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺗﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪Mixing Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪) Termostatic-١‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺟﺒـﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Non Termostatic -٢‬ﻛــﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷــﺒﻴﻪ ﻧــﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺑــﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﮔــﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜــﻪ ﺩﺭﺟــﻪ ﺣــﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺧــﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
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‫ﺗﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪) ٨٤٠ -kn/m2‬ﻛﻴﻠـﻮ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
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‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﻭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ‪ ٦٠٠) ٦٠٠l/min‬ﻟﻴﺘـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ١٣٠‬ﮔﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ(‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ‪Foot Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ‪ Foot Valve‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﻣﺤﺴـﻮﺏ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺯﻛـﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻘـﻲ‬

‫ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺸﻨﺪ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻜﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ( ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺷـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﺗﻠﻤﺒـﻪ ﺑﻬـﺮ ﻋﻠﺘـﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﭘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻤﺎﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﺸـﻪ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ )‪ (Screen‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻱ )‪Gauge Glass (check Valve‬‬

‫ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺷﻴﺸـﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺸـﻪ ﺁﺏﻧﻤـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﻜﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺸـﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺗـﻲ ﺑﻨﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃـﻲ ﻭ ﻳـﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﻃﺮﻓـﻪ ﺑﺮﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻟـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺁﺏﻧﻤـﺎ ﻧﺎﮔﻬـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺍﻓﺘـﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﭼـﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏﻧﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺳـﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ‬

‫ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻫـﻢ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓـﻮﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﺒـﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٨‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ )ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﺏ( ﺩﻳﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪(Blowdown Valve‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺗﺼﻔﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻳـﮓ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳـﮓ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺭﺳـﻮﺏ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ )ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ( ﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕـﻲ ﺗـﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﮓ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻳـﺎ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﺔ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪Electromotor Operated Valve‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﺎﻕ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺍﺳـﻜﻠﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﺣﻔﺎﻇـﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺿـﺪ ﺟﺮﻗـﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﺍﻧﻔﺠـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬

‫)‪ (Explosion Proof‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎ ﹰ‬

‫ﻻ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺧﻄـﺮﺍﺕ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻔﺘـﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷـﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺻـﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﮔﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﻠـﻲ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈـﻪ ﺿـﺪ ﺟﺮﻗـﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٩٩‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ )‪(Steam Converting Valve‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺯﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗﺒـﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ )ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﻣﺴـﻮﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪(Saturated Steam) P.T.h‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ‪ P‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ T‬ﻭ ‪) Enthalpy h‬ﻣﺒﺤﺜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺮﻙ )‪ (Actuator‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﺑﻨـﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ Seat‬ﻭ ﺑﻨـﺪﺁﻭﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺳـﺮﺩ ‪ Spray Water‬ﻫـﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ‪ Water Connection‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﻔﻈــﻪ ﺣﻠﻘــﻮﻱ ﺗﺸــﻜﻴﻞ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﻔــﺲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ‪Cage‬‬

‫‪ Device‬ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ‪ Protecting Tube‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺷـﻜﻦ )‪ (Throttling Area‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺑﻨـﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﮔﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﺗﻘﺴـﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺟﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺳـﺮﺩ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻴﻤﻲ )‪(Mesh Wire‬‬

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‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ )‪ (Flow Divider‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨـﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺳـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﺳـﺮﺩ )‪ (Cooling Spray Water‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻭﺳـﻴﻊ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪ ﻣـﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺳـﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺑﺨـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺒﺨﻴـﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧـﺪﻩ ﻃـﻲ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺗـﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ‬

‫ﺷــﻴﺮ ‪ Downstream‬ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡ ﻣــﻲ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺍﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﺷــﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﺁﺏ ‪ Atomization‬ﺩﺭ ﻫــﺮ‬

‫ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪Valve Positioner‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Positioner‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻳـﺎ ﮔـﺮﺩﺵ ﻭﺍﺳـﻄﻪ )‪(Positioner Deflection‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ -١ :‬ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Bellows‬ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ Controller‬ﻣــﻲ ﮔﻴــﺮﺩ‪ -٢ .‬ﻳــﻚ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭ ‪ Bean‬ﻳــﺎ ﻣﻴﻠــﺔ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪﻩ )‪ (connection‬ﻛــﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳــﻚ ﻃــﺮﻑ ﺑــﻪ‬

‫‪ Bellows‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Linkage‬ﺑﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ -٣ .‬ﻳـﻚ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪ Pilot Valve‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺍﺗﻜـﺎﺀ ‪ Fulcrum‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﻭﺻـﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪Controller‬‬

‫)ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٦‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ‪) Bellow‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (١‬ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ‪Pilot Valve‬‬

‫)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﻜﺪ )ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ( ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺮﻣـﺎﻥ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ‪ Pilot‬ﺑﺤﺎﻟـﺖ ﺑـﻲ ﻇﺮﻓـﻲ ﺑـﺎﻗﻲ ﻣـﻲ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪ‪(Neutral or Floating Position) .‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ‪ Bellow‬ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ‬

‫‪ Valve Positioner‬ﺑﻨﺎﻡ )‪ Position (Deflection Balance‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ )ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ(‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪Valve Positioner (Force-Balance‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻛـﺎﺭ ‪ Position Deflection Balance‬ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻳـﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻜﻴﻪﮔﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ )‪ (Pilot‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪ Pilot‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﻨـﺮ )‪ (Spring‬ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Force Balance‬ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ‪ Bellow‬ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣﺘﻘـﺎﺑ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋـﻲ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫‪Pilot‬ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ )ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒـﻞ( ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ Pilot‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻜﻴﺪﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ‪ Belloews‬ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ‪Auxillary Manual Operation‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ )ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﺔ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ( ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )‪ (Handwheel‬ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫‪ Top Moun Ted‬ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻠـﻮﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ Side Mounted‬ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺳـﺪ )‪ (Upper End‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗـﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ )‪ (Lower End‬ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ‪Air-Vloume Booster Relay‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ )ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻩ )‪ (Out Put‬ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻫـﻮﺍ )‪(Input‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ٢:١‬ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ‪ ١:٣‬ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ(‬

‫ﻃﺮﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﺓ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ‪Mode Of Operation Valve‬‬
‫)‪Positioner (Force Balance‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ )‪ (Stroke‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬

‫)‪ (Position‬ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻛﻨﻨــﺪﻩ )‪ (ControlValve‬ﻣــﻲ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑــﺎﺯﺩﻩ ‪ Output‬ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﻣــﺎﻥ ﻫــﻮﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫‪ Pneumatic‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ )‪ (Input‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺮ ﻣـﻮﻗﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﺤـﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻴﻠـﺔ ﻟﻐـﺰﺵ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ‪ Slide Bar‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (٣‬ﺗﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ‪Spindle‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ‪ Shaft‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (١‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﻫـﺮﻡ ‪ Level‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (٩‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺤـﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻴﻠـﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺣﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Controller‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻠـﻮﺯ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Metal (٦‬‬

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‫‪ Bllows‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ‪) Feeler Pin‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٤‬ﺑﺸـﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻧﺒـﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻟﺒـﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(٢‬‬

‫‪ Flapper Plate‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ‪ Nozzle‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (١٠‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻨـﺮ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ )‪ (١١‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻟﻐـﺰﺵ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺣﺴـﺎﺱ ﺭﺍ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺯﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (١٢‬ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ )‪ (Amplifier‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ‪ Positioner‬ﻣـﻲ ﺭﺳـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﺎﻥ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ‪Pressure Element‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (١٣‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Freedback Lever (٨‬ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ )‪Solenoid Operated (Closed‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻧﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨـﻲ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺤﺎﻟـﺖ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ )‪Solenoid Operated (Open‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻭ ‪ z‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺏ(‬

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 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )ﺏ(‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪Pressure Regulating And Throttling‬‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‪ Needle Valve :‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺒـﺮ ‪ x‬ﻧﺼـﺐ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ‬

‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Pilot‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Poppet Shaft‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣﻌﺒـﺮ ‪ x‬ﺑـﻪ ‪ z‬ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ‪ Upstream‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ‪ Regulation Pilot‬ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ‪ Poppet Shaft‬ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﺮ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ‪ (Downstream) Z‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒـﹰﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺒﺮ ‪ X‬ﺑﺎ ‪Y‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺒـﺮ‬

‫‪ X‬ﻭ ‪ Y‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻓﻨـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﻨـﺪﺩ‪ .‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺳـﻮﺯﻧﻲ ‪(Needle‬‬

‫)‪ Valve‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )‪ (Altitudecontrol Valve‬ﺑﺠﺎﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺳـﻮﻟﻨﻮﺋﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻤﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(Diaphragm Pilot Oprated‬‬

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‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ‪Valve Positioner‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬

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 ‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ )ﺝ( ﻭ )ﺩ( ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ‪Float Valves‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ The Modulated Float Type‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ On-Off Type Float Valve‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻧﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ No 741W Float Valve‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ )ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨـﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗـﺮﺍﺯ ﻣـﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ‪ Pilot Valve‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻤﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﻣﺨـﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﻜـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺗﻠﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺲ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ‪Consolidated Safety Relief Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﭙﺮﺳﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤـﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘـﻞ ﺗـﺎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﺴـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١‬ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪ SRV‬ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ‬
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‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞﺩﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
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‫‪ ١‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٨‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ١٠٠٠٠‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ١١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ‪SV‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ) ‪ (٢‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪SRV‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ) ‪ (١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (٣‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻠﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

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‫ﺍﻳﻨﭽـﻲ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﭘﻴﭽـﻲ‬
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‫ﻓﻠﻨﺞﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٦‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٥٠٠٠‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻭ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪﻩ‬

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‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ١١٢٠‬ﻓﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٣‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ Pilot‬ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٨‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫـﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﺎﻱ )ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ( ‪Remote On-Off Valves‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﺳـﻄﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼـﻮﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻓـﻮﻕﺍﻟﻌـﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻗـﻲ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ Electro Hydraulic‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺑـﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑﺼـﻮﺭﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ١٦‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗـﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ٢٣٠ ،١١٥‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٤٠‬ﻭﻟـﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﺘﻨـﺎﻭﺏ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻥ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﻭ ‪ ٦‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ ﻭﻗـﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

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 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪Control Pressure Differential Valve‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ±٢٠ º‬ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Upstream‬ﻭ ‪ Downstream‬ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻱ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٠Lb/□″‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻫﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ‪Hydraulically Actuated Gate Valves‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ١٥٠٠ Lb/□″‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ ٣٠٠Lb/□″‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﺮﺯﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘـﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻧـﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﻠﻜـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻲ ‪Hand‬‬

‫‪ Wheel‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻗﻔﻞ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ‪ Locking Screw‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ‪ Adjusting Nut‬ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳـﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺟـﺎﺯﻩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺁﺧـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽـﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟـﻲ ‪ Exhaust Port‬ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ Stuffing Box .‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

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‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ‪ Tail Rod‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﻳـﻚ ﻭﺯﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ Pressure Balance‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺸـﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ‬

‫‪ Operating Piston‬ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫‪١١٣‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ‪Subsea Valve‬‬

‫ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Mck Valve‬ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﮐـﺎﺭ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﺭﻳـﺎ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ۵‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟـﺪﺍ ﮐـﺮﺩ ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻤﻨـﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻮﻗـﻒ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪MCK‬‬ ‫ﻳﮏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ‬

‫‪١١٤‬‬
 ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ ۵۰۰ – ۷۰۰‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ‪ ۴۵‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺗﺸـﮑﻴﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ ۵۰۰‬ﺩﺭ ﻳـﮏ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ‪ Integral Pilot‬ﺗﺸـﮑﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ‪ Seat Ring‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻳﮑﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ ﻳﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧـﺖ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ O-Ring .‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻳـﮏ ﺁﺏﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﻲ ﮐﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻨـﺮ‬

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‫‪ Spirolox Ring‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪) Seat Springcylinder ,Piston ,Ring‬ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭ( ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﮐﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻤﻴـﺰ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ‪O-‬‬

‫‪ Ring‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ – ﺷﮑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻘﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Cap Serw (۳۵‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﭘﻴﭻ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (Pressure Adjustment Screw) ۲‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻋﮑـﺲ ﻋﻘﺮﺑـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (Cover) (۱‬ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺸـﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Spirolox (۴‬‬

‫‪ Retaining Ring‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟـﺪﺍ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Poppet Shaft (۲۴‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺴـﺘﻮﻥ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪Sensing Piston ۱۱‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Nut (۳‬ﻭ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪.Lock Washer (۱۰‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۲۰‬ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۱۵‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۲۸‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Pilot Valve Cage (۲۰‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Retainger Ring (۱۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Nut (۲۸‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻗﻔﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۲۷‬ﻭ ﻏﻼﻑ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۲۶‬ﻭ ﺑـﻮﺵ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤـﺎﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫)‪ (۱۷‬ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (۱۶‬ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Lock Washer (۲۷‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Retainer Sleeve (۲۶‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Guide Bushing (۱۷‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Retainer Ring (۱۶‬‬

‫‪١١٦‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Adjustment Cap (۳۲‬ﻭ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Adjustment (۳۳‬‬

‫‪.Screw‬‬

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١١٨
 Parts List
Item No. Description Part No. No. Req.

1 Cover (Bronz, 0-180 PSI) 460006-200 1

(Bronz, 150-650 PSI) 463006-200 1
(Steel, 0-180 PSI) 460006-600 1
(Steel, 150-650 PSI) 463006-600 1
2 Screw 150687-024 1
3 Nut 151543-019 2
4 Retainer Ring 156465 1
5 Felt Filler 460019 1
6 Vent Plug 460014 1
7 "O" Ring 157011 1
8 Spring Guide 460017 1
9 Spring 0-20 Ibs. 460223 1
0-40 Ibs. 460022
70-180 Ibs. 460024 1
150-350 Ibs. 460023 1
350-650 Ibs. 460024 1
10 Lockwasher 152267 1
11 Piston (Bronze, 0-180 PSI) 460016 1
(Steel , 0-180 PSI) 460116 1
(Bronze & Steel
150-650 PSI) 463016 1
12 "O" Ring (Bronze, 0-180 PSI) 157007 1
(Steel, 0-180 PSI) 152073 1
(Bronze & Steel
150-650 PSI) 152091 1
13 Thrust Washer 460013 1
14 Spring 460021 1
15 Retainer Ring 156466 1
16 Retainer Ring 156467 1
17 Guide Bushing 460008 1
18 "O" Ring 152090 1
19 "O" Ring 157010 1
20 Pilot Valve Cage 460007 1
21 "O" Ring 157009 1
22 "O" Ring 152064 1
23 "O" Ring 152066 2
24 Poppet Shaft 460011 1
25 "O" Ring 152067 1
26 Retainer Sleeve 460012 1
27 Lockwasher 152119 1
28 Nut 151544-019 1
29 Pilot Body (Bronze) 460001-200 1
(Steel) 460001-500 1
30 Pipe Body (Bronze) 154772 2
(Steel) 154720 2
31 Orifice Screw 460108 1
32 Adjustment Cap 460119 1
33 Adjustment Screw 460118 1
34 "O" Ring 152070 3
35 Cap Screw 150761 4

١١٩
‫‪ -۶‬ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟـﻮ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤـﺮﮎ ﻫـﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﮐـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪Peneumaitc Control Valve with Globe‬‬
‫‪Valve‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۳‬ﻭ ‪ ۵‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺳﻴﺴـﺘﻢ ﮐـﺎﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺳــﻬﻢ ﺟﺮﻳــﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻨــﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ valve Plug ۳‬ﻭ ﻓﻀــﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮﻁ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Seat Ring ۲‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﮐﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Plug Stem ۶‬ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Actuator ۱۰‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۸‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫"‪"Coupling Between Actuator Sream And Plug Steam With Coupling Nut And Lock Nut.‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Special Bllows (۴‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۱‬‬
‫‪Spheroidal Graghite iron Body With 8-10 mm Ptfe Liner With DN 40 to 150‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪﺁﻭﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Plug Stem ۶‬ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ‪ P2‬ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ ۶ Bar‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ 1=bar =14/5 Lb/□″ .‬ﺟﻌﺒـﻪ ﭘﮑﻴﻨـﮓ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Wiper Ring (۵ . ۳‬ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .(Plug Stem Sealing) .‬ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﺯ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٢٠‬‬
 ‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -۳‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﮐﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -۴‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫‪١٢١‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﭘﻮﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ Bonnet (۵‬ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭ )‪ Test Connection (۵ . ۴‬ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﭼـﮏ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻠـﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۴‬ﻳﺎ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﮑﺶ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ )‪ (Connection a Pipe Suction‬ﺑﻨـﺪ ﺁﻭﺭ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(۳‬‬

‫‪ The Valve Plug No 3‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻳـﮏ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﻗـﻮﻱ ‪ Strong Cord‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑﻠـﻮﺯ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ Valve Seat No2 ۲‬ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﺋﻲ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪Bottom (۱ . ۲‬‬

‫‪ Flange‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳــﻖ ﻭﺍﺳــﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯﺟــﻨﺲ ‪ Elastomer‬ﻭ ﻳــﮏ ‪ Disc‬ﻳــﮏ ﺻــﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﺗﺼــﺎﻝ ﺩﻫﻨــﺪﻩ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(۱ . ۵‬‬

‫‪ Spacer‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ -۵‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﮎ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐﺮﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫‪١٢٢‬‬
(‫ﺩﺭ ﺷـﮑﻞ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺩﻳـﺎﮔﺮﺍﻡ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺣﺴـﺐ )ﺑـﺎﺭ‬

bar ‫ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳـﻴﺎﻝ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﻣﻌﮑـﻮﺱ ﺑـﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

.(=14/5 Lb/□″)

Table 1) Technical Data ‫ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

Table 2) Material
Table 3) Kvs Valve
Table 1. Technical Data of the Valve
Series 1a Type 1a/1, 1a/2 , 1a/3 , 1a/4
Series 2a

Nominal Size DN 25 to DN 150

Nominal PN 10/16
Pressure
Max.Permissible Temperature See Pressure-Temperature Diagram
Caracteristic Equal Percentage/linear
Leakage Rate ≤ 0.001% Of The KVS Value
Rangeability 30:1
Flanges Acc. To DIN 2632/2633, Optionally With
Groove Acc. To DIN 2512
Or Acc. To ANSI Class 150
Heating Flange DN 15, PN 10 According to DIN 2632

١٢٣
 ‫ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ‬،‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ 3-145 psi ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﺟـﻨﺲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬٢ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

.‫ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬Kvs ‫ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬٣ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

Table 2- Materials (WN=DIN Material Number)
Body GGG-40.3 (WN 0.7043)
Lining Pure PTFE or
PTFE With 10% or 25 Carbon
Botom Flange GGG-40.3 (WN 0.7043)
Valve Plug PTFE ,Optionally Al2O3 ,Tantalum or
Valve Seat Other Metals
Bellows PTFE
Spacer PTFE
Bonnet GGG-40.3 (WN 0.7043)
Guide Bushing Glycodur
Packing Box PTFE
Wiper Ring NBR

١٢٤
 Plug Stem Stainless Steel WN 1.4571/1.4301
External Protection Against Corrosion: Plastic Coating
(Polyamice 11 Super) ,Body: Epoxy Resin Coating
Terms For Control Valve Sizing According To DIN/IEC 534, Part 2-1 And 2-2:
Table 3- Kvs Valves
DN 25 40 50 80 100 150
Seat Ø mm 2 6 13 24 30 38 55 65 65 85 110 120
Taype 20 30 45
Travle 1a/1
mm Taype 1a/2 15 30 45
Taype 1a/3 20 30 45
Taype 1a/4 15 30 45
KSv Z´)
0.01 0.05 0.85
0.1 0.25
0.65
0.63 1.0
1.6 2.5 0.6
4 0.55 0.55
6.3 0.45 0.5 0.5
10 0.4 0.45 0.45
16 0.4 0.4 0.45
25 0.35 0.4 0.4
40 0.35 0.35 0.4
63 0.3 0.3 0.35
100(80) (0.25) 0.25 0.3
150(125) (0.2) 0.2
260 0.2
Terms For Sound Pressure Level Calculation According to VDMA 24422
Z.Acoustical Valve Coefficient.
Correction Terms For gasses and Vapours: ∆LG =0 For Liquids: ∆LF =0.
Valve With Spring Closing Actuator ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻨﺪﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬

.‫ﺷﻮﺩﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

١٢٥
 ‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪Valve With Spring opening Actuator‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﻨﺮ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﻛـﻢ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﮔﺮﻡ( ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻛـﺮﻭﻱ ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ La/2‬ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤـﺮﻙ ﻧـﻮﻉ ‪٢٧١‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ‪Samson .‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ H1‬ﻭ ‪ H2‬ﻭ ‪ H3‬ﻭ ‪) H4‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٥‬ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﻳﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﺩﻳـﺎﻓﺮﺍﮔﻢ )‪ (H‬ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ )‪ (H5‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٥‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺩﺳــﺘﻲ ﻛﻨﺘــﺮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟــﻮ‪ (Hand-Operated Control Valve) :‬ﻋــﺮﺽ ‪ Length L‬ﺑــﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ ‪H1‬‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔــﺎﻉ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳــﺮ ﺗــﺎ ﺧــﻂ ﻭﺳــﻂ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﻓﻠــﻨﺞ ﺑــﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘــﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ Weight‬ﺑــﺮ ﺣﺴــﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒــﻲ‬

‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ( ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺣﺴـﺐ ‪ (Dyne) DN‬ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗﻮﺿـﻴﺢ ﺁﻧﻜـﻪ ‪ Dyne‬ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ )‪1 Dyne = !/98 g (Force‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪2a‬‬

‫‪Nominal Size‬‬ ‫‪DN 25‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫‪Length L‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪310‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫‪H1‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪630‬‬
‫‪Weight‬‬ ‫‪Appr.Kg 14.5‬‬ ‫‪18.5‬‬ ‫‪21.5‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪155‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ -١‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪La/2‬‬

‫‪Nominal Size‬‬ ‫‪DN‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫‪Length L‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪310‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫‪H1‬‬ ‫‪H2 + H4‬‬
‫‪H2‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬

‫‪H3‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪Hight H4‬‬ ‫‪240 cm2‬‬ ‫‪255‬‬
‫‪With Actuator‬‬
‫‪350 cm2‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬

‫‪١٢٦‬‬
 700 cm2 -

1400 cm2 -
Weight of the Valve
14 18 21 45 85 145
Without Actuator Apper.Kg
Actuator cm2 240 350 700 1400
Diaphrgm Ø D 240 280 390 530
Height H 65 85 135 197
H5 61 61 61 75
60
Ø d (Thread) 30 (M30*1.5)
(M60* 1.5)

Signal Pressure Connetion (or

R 1 ′′ R 3 ′′
Vent) a 4 8
Weight of Actuator Appr.kg 5 8 22 70

La/2 ‫ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ‬-١ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

Nominal Size DN 25 40 50 80 100 150

Length L 160 200 230 310 350 480
Type 1a/1-1 600 640 645 730 1080 1080
H1 Type 1a/3-1 695 805 850 1100 1250 1250
Type 1a/4-1 On Requtest
H2 Type 1a/1 243 282 286 326 510 510
Type 1a/3 255 292 300 346 495 510
Type 1a/4 248 287 284 356 495 510
H3 60 80 90 120 450 185
Weight of the Type 1a/1-1 23 27 39 63 120 175
Control Valve Type 1a/3-1 21 32 35 80 125 185
Apper.Kg Type 1a/4-1 On Requtest

١٢٧
 ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ‬

‫ﻧﺼــﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﻣــﻨﻈﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻴــﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷــﻮﻧﺪ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻃــﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑــﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ ﮐــﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧــﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺼﺐ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻫـﺮ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻣـﺪ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﺋﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﺐ ‪Installation‬‬

‫ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﮑﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻀـﺎﻱ ﮐـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺗـﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﻲ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺬﮐﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺁﻥ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﮐﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺒـﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻤـﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻗﺒـﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﮎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﮐﻴﺰﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺣﻔـﻆ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﮔـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧـﺎﮎ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﻨﻈــﻮﺭ ﺗﺴــﻬﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣــﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻓــﺖ ﻭ ﭘــﺎﮐﻲ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠــﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﮐـﻢ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﻄـﺮ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳـﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﻮﺟـﺐ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺻـﺎﻓﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮﺩ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﺶ ﺧﻄـﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ )‪ (Distortion‬ﺩﭼـﺎﺭ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺮﻫﻢ ﻧﺼـﺐ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﻓﻠﻨﺞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﮐﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄـﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻗـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻂ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﺟـﻮﺵ ﻧﺸـﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺗـﻨﺶ ‪(Stress‬‬

‫)‪ Relieved‬ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﭙﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻭ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﻱﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮﺵ ﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﻧـﺎﮎ ﻭ ﻣﻀـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻟـﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻮﺷﮑﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﮑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺟﻬـﺎﺕ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎ ﹰ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ )‪ (Gland Packing‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺟﻮﺷـﮑﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻻﺕ ﭘـﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻓﻠـﻨﺞﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻴﮑﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻣﺮﺗـﺐ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺼـﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )‪.(Isolation and Emergency Valve‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺻﺎﻓﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﮐﻪ ‪ Gland Packing‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻬﮕـﺎﻩ ﮐﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳـﺪ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺑﺘـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﺤﺾ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﺸـﺖ ﮔﻠﻨـﺪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺗﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺵ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺳﮑﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩﻳﺴﮏﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﮐﻲ ‪Spare Parts‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻳـﺪﮐﻲ ﺷـﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤـﺎﻡ ﮐﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻴﺎﻕ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻧﺪ ﺟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﮐﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﻫـﺮ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺿـﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻳـﺪﮐﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨـﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈـﺖ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﮐﻲ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﭼﺴـﺐ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﮐـﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺣﺘـﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (Globe Valves‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ ﮐـﻪ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﮐـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺷﺸﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ )‪(Disassemble‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(۱‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﺣﺪ )‪ (Back Seat‬ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ۱/۲‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٠‬‬
 ‫ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺒﺮﺩﺳﺖ ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬

‫)‪ (Table Washer‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(۲‬ﺑﻮﺵ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﮑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Yoke Bushing‬ﺑﻮﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪-(۳‬ﻓﻠﮑﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ -(٤‬ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺋﻲ )‪ (Btom Bearing‬ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Stem Protector‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(٥‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ‬

‫)‪ (Gland nuts And Bolts‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ‪ Packing Flange‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫‪١٣١‬‬
 ‫ﻭ ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ )‪ (Split Gland Bush‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(٦‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴـﺐ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴـﺮﻭﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳـﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤـﻞ‬

‫)‪ -(a‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺑـﺎﺯ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤـﻞ )‪ (b‬ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ‪ Banck Seat‬ﻳﻚ ﺟﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻋﻘﺮﺑﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٢‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ (Seat Refinishing‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﺑﻌﻠـﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺟﺴـﺎﻡ ﺳـﺨﺖ ﺧـﻂ ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻗـﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻲ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﭼﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ‪:‬‬
‫‪1) Tube Wrench , Speed Wrench‬‬ ‫‪2) Seat Refinishing Tool‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ )‪(١‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ ١٤٤‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ‪ Refinishing‬ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫)‪ (Tol Guide‬ﭘﻴﭻ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬

‫)‪ (Guide Threads‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﻨﮓ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫‪ Back Seat Retaining Ring Threads‬ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (٣‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ Speed Wrench‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٣‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (٤‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻜﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺫﺭّﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ‪ Seat-Disc‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ‪ Seat-Disc‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (١‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻗـﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﺑــﺎ ﻛﻤــﻚ ﺁﭼــﺎﺭ ﻧــﻮﻉ )‪ (Tube Wrevch‬ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﭘــﻴﭻ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ Disc‬ﻭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ‪ Disc‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺭﺍ )‪ (Swating Surfaces‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ )‪ (Seat-Disc‬ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺭﺍ )‪ (Seating Faces‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻥ )‪ (Aceton‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪١٣٤‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﻢ‪ -‬ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪(Repacking‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ )‪ (a‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻳـﺎ )‪ (Glad Flange‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ‪ Back Seat‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ )‪ (b‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺸـﺖ ﻗﺒـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺴـﺘﻦ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺤﻜـﻢ ﻛـﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ (١‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺿﻊ )‪ (a‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻞ‪Back Seat‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫)‪ (Gland Nuts And Split Gland Bushng‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ )‪ (٢‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴــﺘﻲ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ﺷــﻴﺮ‬

‫)‪ (valve Stem‬ﻭ )‪ (Stuffing Box‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــــﺮ ﺗــــﺮﻙ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺷـﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٥‬‬
 ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ‪ Seat-Disc‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻧﻮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ‪ Disc‬ﻭ ‪Seal‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺏﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ Seat Disc‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﻌﻴـﻮﺏ ﺷـﺪﻥ ‪ Disc‬ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ‪Seat Refinishing Tools‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (١‬ﻭ )‪ (٢‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺷـﻴﺮ( ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻨـﺎﻡ )‪Tools‬‬

‫‪ (Guide‬ﻭ )‪ (Tool Shaft‬ﻭ )‪ (Cuting Tool‬ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ ﺳـﻪ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﻣﻴﻠـﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤـﺎﻱ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤـﻮﺭ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(١‬‬

‫‪Size‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬ ‫‪Tool‬‬

‫‪Assembly‬‬ ‫‪Guide‬‬ ‫‪Shaft‬‬ ‫‪Head‬‬
‫‪1/2″‬‬ ‫‪1682-090‬‬ ‫‪1682-096‬‬ ‫‪1682-102‬‬ ‫‪1682-108‬‬
‫‪3/4″‬‬ ‫‪1682-091‬‬ ‫‪1682-097‬‬ ‫‪1682-103‬‬ ‫‪1682-109‬‬
‫‪1″‬‬ ‫‪1682-092‬‬ ‫‪1682-098‬‬ ‫‪1682-104‬‬ ‫‪1682-110‬‬
‫‪1 1/4″‬‬ ‫‪1682-093‬‬ ‫‪1682-099‬‬ ‫‪1682-105‬‬ ‫‪1682-111‬‬
‫‪1 1/2″‬‬ ‫‪1682-094‬‬ ‫‪1682-100‬‬ ‫‪1682-106‬‬ ‫‪1682-112‬‬
‫‪2″‬‬ ‫‪1682-095‬‬ ‫‪1682-101‬‬ ‫‪1682-107‬‬ ‫‪1682-113‬‬
‫‪3″‬‬ ‫‪1682-902‬‬ ‫‪1682-903‬‬ ‫‪1682-904‬‬ ‫‪1682-905‬‬

‫‪١٣٦‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢‬‬

‫‪1/2″‬‬ ‫‪3/4″‬‬ ‫‪1″‬‬ ‫‪1 1/2″‬‬ ‫‪2″‬‬ ‫‪3″‬‬

‫‪1682-085‬‬ ‫‪1682-086‬‬ ‫‪1682-087‬‬ ‫‪1862-088‬‬ ‫‪1682-089‬‬ ‫‪1682-901‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ‪Seat-Disc lipping Tools‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،٣‬ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ )‪ (Stem Holder‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٢‬ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧـﺖ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺩﻫـﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﺎ ‪ Strainers‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻫـﻢ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٣٧‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﺑﻤﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳـﺪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺋﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﺤـﺎﻥ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﺳﻜﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﻨﺞ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﻳـﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻴﺸـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺷـﺤﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﻄﻌـﺎﺕ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺿﺪﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧـﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴـﺖ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨـﺪ ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺕ‬

‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐ ﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌـﻮﻳﺾ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٣‬‬

‫‪Max. Allowable Removal‬‬

‫‪1/2″‬‬ ‫‪3/4″‬‬ ‫‪1″‬‬ ‫‪1 1/2″‬‬ ‫‪2″‬‬ ‫‪3″‬‬
‫‪.020‬‬ ‫‪.020‬‬ ‫‪.040‬‬ ‫‪.062‬‬ ‫‪.062‬‬ ‫‪.020‬‬

‫‪١٣٨‬‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ) ‪(٥‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (٥‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ‪ Disc Refinishing‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ‪ Disc‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﮊ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ‪ Disc‬ﺁﺳـﻴﺐ‬

‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﺠـﺎﻱ ‪ ( Cuting Tool‬ﺑﺴـﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﻭ ‪ Seal‬ﺭﺍ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣﺎﺷـﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮﺍﺵ ﻭ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪ (٣‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﺷـﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﺴﻚ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪(Reassemble‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪ :‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺯﻧﮓ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ‪١) Serew Driver‬‬

‫ﺁﭼﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ‪٢) Special Tube Wrench‬‬

‫‪١٣٩‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﻄﻌــﺎﺕ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ﺩﻳﺴــﻚ )‪ (Stem- Disc‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ )‪ (Backseat‬ﻓﻨــﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ )‪ -(١‬ﻗــﺒ ﹰ‬

‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﺳـﻮﺍﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ )‪ (Retaining Ring Sub-Assembly‬ﻭ ﺁﭼـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﺼـﻮﺹ )‪(Special Tube Wrench‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ )‪ -(٢‬ﺍﺑﺘــﺪﺍﺀ ﭘﻜﻴﻨــﮓ ﻓﻠــﻨﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺧــﻮﺩ‬

‫ﮔـﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻗﻄﻌـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺳـﻮﺍﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ‪Steam‬‬

‫‪ Sub- Assembly‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺁﭼـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺨﺼــﻮﺹ ﺑــﻪ ﻓﻨــﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪﻩ )‪(Retaining Ring‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼـﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻭ ﻓﻨـﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﻧﺸـﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ‪Back Seat Retaining‬‬

‫‪ Ring‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(٣‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻜﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﺔ )‪ -(٤‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗــﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺘــﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ )‪Steam‬‬

‫‪ (Protector And Bottom Bearing‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ ﺷـﻴﺮ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺁﻫﺴــﺘﻪ ﻣﻬــﺮﻩ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Yoke Nut‬ﻧﺼــﺐ ﻧﻤــﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﻃﺎﻗـﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﻗـﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Upper Bearing‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣـﻲ‬

‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(٥‬ﻭﺍﺷﺮ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺭﺍ )‪ (Tab Washese‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺵ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ )‪Yoke‬‬

‫‪ ( Bushing‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠــﻪ )‪ -(٦‬ﻓﻠﻜــﻪ ﺷــﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻨــﺮ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ‪(Handwheel And‬‬

‫)‪ Snap Ring‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )‪ -(٧‬ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺮ ﺑﻮﺵ ﮔﻠﻨﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺭﺍ )‪ (Split Gland Bushing Yoke Studs And Nuts‬ﻧﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﭘﻴﭽﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﻃـﻪ ﻣﻬـﺮﻩ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﺑﻌـﻞ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤١‬‬