8

Answer Type Questions ?

Short located

ery Where are a plant's

sex
organs

?
1. of a
llower
function lower
is the in a
2. What organs
reproductive
are the
3. What
name
of:
What is the
tlower
part of
a
male :
(a) ? than carpel)
of a flower (other
() female part of a
flower
female organ
of
is the
name
5. What
of sex cells ?
other name ?
6. What is the than gametes)
of sex cells (other
What is the
name
animals.
7. in
female gametes
male and
8. Name the
formed :

9. Where is the male gamete

( in humans?

(7) in flowering
plants
formed:
Where is the female gamete
10.

() in humans
flowering plants which undergo internal fertilisatior
() in external fertilisation
and two animals
11. Name two animals which undergo
12 Define sexual reproduction.
birth to individuals like humans ?
13. Do all organisms give
the following as they occur i biology:
14. Write the full forms of

() STD (i) AIDS (i) HIV

diseases
15. What is the causative organism for the following
() Gonorrhoea (i) Syphilis (ii) AIDS
16. What are the organs in humans which produce the gametes?
17. (a) What are the male sex cells in humans called ?

(b) Name the organ which produces male sex cells.

18. (a) What are the female sex cells in humans called ?
(6) Name the organ which produces female sex cells.
19. Which part of the human body :
(a) produces sperms?
(b) produces ova ?
(C) passes sperms from a man to a woman?
20. (a) What do the testes in a man
produce ??
(b) What do the ovaries in a woman
21. (a) Where in the human
produce ?
body does an ovum get fertilised ?
(b) Where does a fertilised ovum
22. Name the develop into a baby in the human body ?
liquid that contains sperms.
23.
What is the
the body of name
of
the process in which thickened uterus
human female
a
through vaginal lining alongwith blood vessels is remove ro
menstruation lastbleeding
24. (a) For how much time ?
does
(b) What is the in human
25. Fill in the frequency
of menstrual cycle in human females (or women)?
(a) Pollen
following
blanks with suitable
words
females (or
women)?
grains contain.
(b) Ovules contain gametes of a
plant.
(c) The ovary of a ..
flower
gametes of a
plant.
(d) The ovule
becomes becomes. .. after fertilisation.
a .after
(e) Flowering fertilisation.
plants reproduce
(The female by.
organ
eproduction in ..method
Or of
the flower
is reproduction.
the..
N
RGANISMS REPRODUCE
D oO R G A N I S M S
169
The male organ of reproduction in the flower is the. *******a*

The name ot the structure in the flower in which the male gamete is formed is.
h)
at the base of the carpel contains egg cells.
() The.
to reter transter of ot another
The term used to the pollen from the stamen of one flower to the carpel
lower of the same species is.
low
in sexual
The cellsinvolved
() reproduction are called.
Fusion of gametes gives rise to a single cell called
process of frusion ot gametes is called
(m) The
(7)Amulticellular animal starts its life from a . through sexual reproduction
(o) The union of a sperm nucleus with an egg nucleus is known as... . and results in a . B

(p) The menstrual cycle is controlled b y . . ***.*****

short Answer 1ype Questions

(a) What are gametes?
26.
(6) In which sort of reproduction are gametes involved i

() What is formed when two gametes fuse ?

this act of fusion called ?
(d) What is
27. (a) Write the names of (a) male sex hormone, and (b) female sex hormones.
is to the fusion
(b) What name given of sperm and ovum
from the mother's body
(c) Name the tissue requirements
through which the foetus gets all the
28. (a) Draw a neat sketch of the stamen of a flower. Mark in it filament and anther.
(b) Draw a neat sketch of the carpel of a flower. Mark in it stigma, style and ovary.

(c)What is made in (i) anther, and (ii) ovary, of a flower?

29. (a) Explain the terms 'self pollination' and 'cross-pollination'?
?
() How do the insects help in
cross-pollination
different from fertilization
(c) How is the process of pollination
30. (a) Explain the term 'fertilisation'.

(6) Give some examples of different modes of fertilisation in nature ?

in (i) fish, and (i) birds ?
(c) What type of fertilisation takes place
31. (a) What are the male and female gonads in human beings ? Mention their functions.
(b) State the advantages of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction.
32. Describe the various steps involved in the sexual reproduction in animals. Draw labelled diagrams to show
the fertilisation of an ovum (or egg) by a sperm to torm a zygote.

33. Why does menstruation occur ? Describe the menstrual cycle in human females (or women).
34. (a) Write the various steps involved in the sexual reproduction in plants.
(0) Name two plants which reproduce by sexual reproduction method and two plants which reproduce by

asexual reproduction methods.

. (a) What type of plants reproduce by sexual reproduction method
(0) What is a seed ? What are the parts of a seed ? Explain with the help of a labelled diagram.
36. (a) What is puberty ? Who attains puberty at an earlier age in human beings : male or female (boy or girl) ?
) Mention two functions each of (0) human testes, and (1) human ovaries.
in humans?
a What is gestation period ? How much is the gestation period
(b) Name one method of contraception which also protects against sexually transmitted disease
() Name one sexually transmitted disease for which no definite cure has been found so far. What is the
?
organism of
causative this disease
38. What are the three types of methods used for birth control (or regulating child birth) ? Give one example of
each type.
9 a) What is the name of surgical method of birth control in human males in which the sperm ducts are cut

and ligated (tied) both ends ?

(b) What is the name of at surgical method of birth control in human females in which the oviducts are cut and
ligated (tied) at both ends ?
170 sCIENCE FOR TENTH
CLASS
BIOLO
:

Name the contraceptive device used by the human males which acts as a sheath over the male o
traps the sperms in it. organ and
a Name the contraceptive device used by human females which is put over the cervix.
40. a) Describe the surgical methods of birth control () for men, and (i) for women.

0 Name wo devices used in the barrier method of birth control.

41. (a) What is meant by contraception ? What are the different methods of contraception 3

(0) what is done in the contraception method known as (i) vasectomy, and ( ) tubectomy?
() It a woman is for contraception, will it protect her from sexually transmitted diseas
using copper-T
* a ) what are sexually transmitted diseases ? Give two examples of sexually transmitted diseases. seases
o) Which method of contraception prevents fertilised egg from being implanted in the uterus ?
*3. )
what substances are contained () in oral pills, and (ii) in vaginal pills, used as contraceptives ? Howd
they work?
(b) How does copper-T prevent pregnancy
() Name the disease caused by HIV.
4 . (a) What is
the name
of surgical method of birth control (or preventing pregnancy) which is carried out (0
men, and (n) in women ?
(0) Name the part of a seed which () contains stored food (i) grows into root, and (iin) grows into shoot
45. how, offsprings and parents of organisms reproducing have the
Explain sexually same
number e
chromosomes.
46. In tobaccoplant, the male gametes have 24 chromosomes.
() What is the number of chromosomes in the female gamete
( ) What is the number of chromosomes in the zygote ?
47.
()
be the ratio
(a) What wouldbetween of chromosome
and
number between an egg and its zygote?
Distinguish a gamete a zygote.
45. (a) Fertilisation in humans can occur only once in a month.
Why
is the scientific name of (i) womb, and (i) birth canal
(6) What
49. The diagram shows female reproductive system. Name the parts labelled
A to D.
(a) In which part do the spernms enter ?
(6) Which part releases the egg ?
() In which part does fertilisation take place ?
(d) In which part does the foetus develop?
50. Why is it an advantage for the testes to be situated in the scrotal sac outside
the main body cavity ? Can you think of disadvantage ?
one
51. Which structures in human female are
equivalent to the following structures in the male ?
(a) testes ( b ) vas deterens () penis
In each case say in what the structures
respect are
equivalent ?
52. People who die from AIDS are not killed by the virus itself.
Explain.
53. (a) What is the life
support system of a fetus ?
(b) How long does a human baby take to develop before birth ?
(c) What is the name of the narrow
opening between the uterus and the
vagina.
LongAnswer Type Questions
54. (a) What is meant by 'unisexual flowers and 'bisexual flowers' ?
Give two examples of each.
(b) What is pollination ?
How does
pollination occur ?
(c) Describe the prOcess of tertilisation in a tlower
with the
(d) What changes take place in the flower after fertilisation help
of labelled
diagrams.
which lead to the formation of seeds anu
55. (a) Draw a neat
diagram o a *
petals, stamen and carpel.tlower
showing its various parts. In this
diagram mark stem, receptacie,
(b) What name is given to () all the petals ot a
flower, and (i) all the
sepals of a flower
 RGANISMS REPRODUCI
171
are (i) stamen, and (i) carpel, in a flower?

what is the
other name of
carpel of a flower?
at iis the name ot yelloW powdery substance present in the anther of a llower
What
what changes are seen in boys at the time of puberty

Name the organs which produce sperms in human males

Draw
aw alabelled diagram of the human male reproductive system With the help of this dagram, describe
he working of human
he
male reproductive system ?

What is the role or seminal vesices and prostrate gland in human male reproduct1ve system

What changes are seen in girls at the time of puberty?

Name the organs which produce ova (or egg cells) in human females.
Draw alabelled diagram of the human female reproductive system With the help of this diagram, explain
the working of human lemale reproduclive system.
Describe the process of fertilisation in humans and development of embryo brietly
?
What is ovulation How often does it happen in human females
?
%.(4)
( Where does fertilisation take place in human lemales
fertilisation is
pOssible if mating takes place during the middle of menstrual cycle
(c) Explain why,
(d) What is
meant by inmplantation ?
) What is placenta ? What is its function ?
?
( What jons embryo to placenta in mother's body

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

59. The anther contains:
b) ovules (c) carpel (d) pollen grains
a) sepals
60. Which of the following is not a part of the female reproductive system in human beings
(d) oviducts
(a) ovary (b) uterus ()vasdeferens
61. One of the following is not a part of the human male reproductive system. This is

(b) oviduct (c) seminal vesicle (d) prostrate gland

) testis
62. Which of the following is not a sexually transmitted disease?
(b) hepatitis () syphilis ) AIDS
(a) gonorrhoea
63. Which of the following method of contraception protects a person from acquiring a sexually transmitted

disease ?

(a) oral pills (b) condom (e) copper-T (4) surgery

64. In which one of the following birth control methods, a small portion of oviducts of a woman is removed by

and the cut ends are ligated ?

Surgical operation
(a) copper-T (b) tubectomy () vasectomy (d) diaphragm
65. One of the following is a surgical method which prevents the sperms from reaching the ovum and pregnancy
does not occur. This method is :

(o) IUCD (b) vasectomy () condom (d) tubectomy

Tertilisation results immediately in the tormation ot:
(a) a zygote (b) an embryo () a placenta (d) a toetus
b7. Which one of the following best deseribes the function of the umbilical cord ? t :

a) feeds the embryo with digested substances.

0) conveys nutrients and wastes to and from the embryo respectively
) removes waste matter from the embryo to the mother's blood.

Suplies oxygenated blood from the mother to the embryo.

he sexually trans1nitted disease which is caused by bacteria is
(a) malaria (ad) diarrhoea (C)gonorrhoea (t) AIDS
AIDS is a deadly disease which is caused by :
(a) a protozoan
()a fungus t) a bacterium (4) a virus
 internal tertilisatin
72 external
fertilisation
is that im
ion:
that internal
fertilisation has over
0 h e advantage exactly like the parent
(a) newoff-springs a r e is
unnecessary

numbers of gametes
( p r o d u c t h o n of large
fusion of gametes
is passive
(o copulation and w
which
tewer individuals
are produced organs.
() male reproductive
the human
ngure given alongside shows i

ne make
and seminal tlud
structures perms
seminal lluid
X makes
sperms and
akes
a tiud
Wmaakes
sperms and Y makes seminal tluid
(c) makes sperms W
and makes senminal
makes seminal tluid and V
( makes sperms and female gametes are
respectively
the that produce male (d) stamen and
style
tlower, parts (c) anther and ovary
tn a

(a) sepal and anther (b) filament and stigma sexual reproduction
in a flower?
sequence
of events of
the fertilisation, pollination
correct
Which of the following is
(b) seed, embryo,
5.

(a) pollination, fertilisation, seed, embryo fertilisation

seed (d) embryo, seed, pollination,
(e) pollination, fertilisation, embryo, in
from parents to oftspring are present
The characteristics transmitted
74.
(C) golgi bodies (d) genes
(a) cytoplasm (b) ribosome
to offspring during
sexual reproduction show
75. Characters that are transmitted from parents
variations with parernts
(a) only similarities with parents (b) only
(d) neither similarities nor variations with parents
(c) both similarities and variations with parents
remains constant due to:
76. The number of chromosomes in parents and offsprings of a particular species
of chronmosomes after formation
(a) doubling zygote
(b) halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
(c) doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation
(d) halving of chromosomes after gamete formation
7. The length of pollen tube depends on the distance between :
(a) pollen grain and upper surface of stigma
(b) pollen grain on upper surface of stigma and ovule
(c) pollen grain in anther and upper surface of stigma
(d) upper surface of stigma and lower part of stylee
78. Which of the following statements are true for flowers ?
) lowerS are always bisexual
(ii)
they contain sexual reproductive organs
(12) they are
produced in all groups of plants
(ro) after fertilisation they give rise to fruits
(a) ) and fit) (b) (ii) and (in) (c) i) and (ii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
79. The correct ot organs in the male
sequence
taj testis
reproductivee system for the
transport of sperms is
Vas deterens- > urethra
(b) testis ureter urethra
testis -urethra ureter
(d) testis
Vas deferens ureter
80. in human male, the testes lie in the scrotam
outside the
(a) procesh of mating
(b) formation of
body because it helps in the
81. Which anong he sperms (c) easy transfer of the above
tollowng are not the functons of sperms (d) all
testes at
(i) lormation ot germ cells puberty ?
(i) development of () secretion of
placenta testosterone
(a) () and (i) (iu) secretion of
(b) () and (iii) estroger
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (i)
 oHGANIJ

a d o l e s c e n c e , several changes OCcur in tne numan body. Mark one change from the following associate

maturation
in boys
sexual
with (b) increase in height (d) weight gain
loss
of milk
teeth

the of
gof voice

(o) event that indicates onset

reproductive phase is :

human
females, a n
. In (b) change in hair pattern (o) change in voice (d) menstruation
)growth of body
(0eorings formed as a result of sexual reproduction exhibit more variations becau
is lengthy process
lsexual reproduction t w o parents of different species

h genetic material
Comes
trom of s a m e species
genetic material
comes
ronm two parents
c o m e s f r m many parents
(d genetic material o c c u r s in the reproductive systemo lowering plants a s well as that of humans. This is-

One of the following (b) anther (c) ovary d) style

(a) vas deterens

s t a t e m e n t s are true for unisexual flowers?

the following
S6 Which among
both stamen and pistil
() They poSsess
e i t h e r stamen o r pistil
(i) They POSSess
exhibit cross pollination
(ii) They fruits
Unisexual thowers possessing only stamens cannot produce
(io) (6) (i). (iii) and (iv) (c) (ii) and (ii) (d) i). (iii) and (iv)
(a) (i) and (iv) ?
s t a t e m e n t s are true for sexual reproduction in flowering plants
of the tollowing
87. Which
() it requires two tYpes gametes
of

() fertilisation is a compulsory event

(ii) it always results in the formation of zygote
tormed are clones
(fv) ottsprings (c) i), (ii) and (ii) (d) (ii). (iii) and (iv)
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (). (ii) and (iv)
is
not lead to the formation of clones. This
88.
One ot the following process does (a) tissue culturee
fission
a)
(b) fertilisation ( fragmentation
89. In the figure given alongside, the parts marked A, B and C are sequentially

(a) cotyledon, plumule and radicle

() plumule, radicle and cotyledon
C) plumule, cotyledon and radicle

(4) radicle, cotyledon and plumule

u. The correct sequence of reproductive stages occurring in flowering plants is:

(@)gametes, zygote, embryo, seed () zygote, gametes,

embryo, seed

C) seed, embryo, zygote, gametes (d) gametes, embryo, zygote, seed

T h e part of a seed which grows and develops into root on germination is

(a) cotyledon (b) plumule c)tollicle (d) radicle

92. The male gametes in a flower and in a human are produced respectively in
(a) stigma and ovary (b) anther and style (c)ovary and testes (d) anther and testes
93. The ratio of number of chromosomes in a human zygote and a human sperm is
(a) 2:1 (b) 3: 1 () 2 (d) 1:3
T
4. The normal body cell of an organism contains 28 pairs of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes presen
in its germ cell will be :

a) 8 (b) 14 () 56 ) 42

Ouestions Bas on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

h e flask-shaped organ A at the centre of a flower is surrounded by a number of little stalks B having
Swollen tops which lie just inside the ring of petals.
(a) Name A. What are the various parts of A ?
(6) Which part of A contains gametes ?
(e) Name B. What is the swollen top of B known as ?
 SOLuGr
(d) What does the swollen top of B contain
female part ot the flower ?
C) Out ot A and B, which one is (i) male part, and (ii)
96. When an insect sits on the flower of a plant then some particles A present i n the top of little stalke

atach to its body hair. When this insect n o w sits

on the
tlower of
another
similar plant, then the
iOwer
A atached to the hair of insect are put on the top of a tlask-shaped organ a the centre of flowes
B trom the top of tlask-shaped organ througn which C moves do he
particle A grows long tube
a

of tlask-shaped organ. Here C fuses with the nucleus

ot D contained in
str nd
n e fusion ot C andpart a new cellF which grows and develops into à seed of the plant. tructure E
the bottom
cnes D torms

(4) What are particles A ' What is the process of transferring A Irom one tlower to another flower of

plant by the inset known as

similar
What is the of tube B?
( name
B
(What is C which moves down through the tube
(h Name D and E.
(e) What is F?
tor a few days after regular time
97. When a human female reaches a certain age then vaginal bleeding occurs
interva ls.

a) What is this process known as () in scientific terms, and (in) in everyday language?
b) At what approrimate age this process starts in human females? What is the human female said to have
aftained at this stage ?

how much time is this process repeated ? For how many days this
(c) After usually lasts ?
process
(d) What does the onset of this process in human females signify ?
(e) At which in the life of
a human female this process stops temporarily but starts
particular event again
) At which
approximate age of human female this process stops permanently
98. a n d Y are two human beings. The organ A in the reproductive system of X releases a mature gamete b
once a month which goes into a tube-like structure C through a funnel-like opening The organ D in the
reproductive system of Y makes andreleases gametes E which pass through a duct F and are introduced by
an Y, into the body of X. B and E fuse
organ ot
together in C to form a cell G. The cell G divides
new
repeatedly to torm a ball of cells H which gets embedded in the lining of organ I of reproductive system t
Xwhere it grows and develops into a baby.
(a) Name () organ A, and (1) gamete B.

(b) Write two names of tube-like structure

C
(c) Name (i) organ D, and (1i) gamete E.
(d) Write two names of ductE.
Name (i) cell G (i) ball of cells H, and
(e)
(i) orga
)
Out of X and Y,
which
one (i) male, and (ii) female ?
is
99. Whena fertilised egg E formed in the oviduct
embryo of a human female divides repeatedlyembryo,u
to form an
gets implanted the thick and soft
in
lining of the uterus. After this a disc-like
between the uterus wall and
embryo through which all the special tissue T deve
requirements of the
embryo is connected to the tissue developing
toetus) are met trom the mother's body. The emDry
struchure5. T through a
st
a What the other name of
is
fertilised egg cell E?
(b Wha: is the name of
tissue T?
c ame the
string- like structure 5 .

aame tw
substances which pass from mother's
substane +veh passes from
blood to embryo through tissue T ana, type
embryo to o
What
tr S when tihe baby is burnmother's blood.
(r)
happet ?
100. When a lenale ctitd
born, her
Why ?
is
ovaries
immature
struclurr A Un already contain thousands ot immature
c o n t a i n e d

B. The prOres
starts in ) malunng,
and an egg shoots out
the
A egEs (O
bursts open rpss cal
temales at of the ovary n
B, the inner puberty
a
every and
it When the
occurretee process 1

lining
occurs again and
of uterus again after a time p Belo
egg cell gets tertilised by a becomes thick and soft with lots vessels
which lasts for ime period y sperm, then an or

leading to the birth of event C occurs in the life of uman fe

baby. If, however, the egg cell marure
releaseu y the O
 ot
does no get a sperm to fuse with, then the thick and soft inner lining of uterus breaks down and comes out
in an event called D. The
ofthe female s body
What
?
are A
occurrence of event D is controlied by chemical substances E

(a)
is process B?
()What
is the time period r
() What
the event C.
(d)Name
How much is the time period y ?
e)
is the name of process D?
(n What
the chemical substances E.
g) Name
In thesurgical method ot birth control available for males, the structures A in the reproductive system are
cut and ligated (tied up) at both ends. This prevents the reproductive cells B from coming out from the
organs C where they are made in the male body. Since B cannot come out from the male body, they cannot
15e with cell D in the body of a female and hence pregnancy is prevented.
use
structures A ?
(a) What
are

cells B ?
(b) What are

(c) Name the organs C.

(4) What is cell D ?

(e) What is the name of this for birth control available to males ?
surgical procedure
102. In the surgical method of birth control available for human females, the structures P in the reproductive
system are cut and ligated (tied up) properly at both ends. This prevents the reproductive ce!l Q released by
an organ R from entering the structures P so that Q is not available to fuse with another reproductive cell

coming from the male reproductive system. In this way, pregnancy is prevented.
(a) What are structures P ?

(b) What is cell Q?

(c) Name the organ R.
(d) What is the reproductive cell S?
()What is the name of this surgical method of birth control available to females ?
103. The human males use a device X made of a very thin rubber sheet as a covering on the male organ to
the gametes Y in it. In order to prevent pregnancy, the human females
use pregnancy. This devIce traps
prevent
a device Z which is a circle of rubber with a metal spring around it. The device Z is put inside the
into the uterus.
vagina to cover the cervix. It stops Y trom going
(a) What is device X ?
(b) What are Y ?
(c) Name the device Z.
ta) What is the general name of these methods of birth control (or preventing pregnancy)?
(e) The use of which contraceptive device, X or Z, can protect the persons from sexualy transmitted diseases ?
method pregnancy. Thepills Astop
birth control (or preventing Thethe ovaries
104. A woman A of
uses pills as a
B kill
into oviducts. Another pills
w o m a n uses B as a control.
method ot birth pills
rom releasing ovum

the sperms and prevent pregnancy.

(a) What do the pills A contain
b) What is the common name
of pillsA?
(c) What do the pills B contain
What is the common name of pills B?
(a)
(e) What is the general name of these methods of birtl1 control?
105. a made of
device X comnmon a preventing metal tor pregnaneV. This devce works by
wOnan uses in the lemaie organ .
preventing the implantation of fertilised egg cell (or embryo)
a) What are the two names of dievice A
(h) Name the organ Y.
>iD
06.
06,
CA, Can this method of contraception protect
B and C are three common STDs. A and C
a woman trom acqurung a

are caused by bacteria whereas B is caused i r u s D. The

Virus D reduces the immunity of the infected person to such a low level that the person can de ol even very
 a) What could A and C be
(b) What is B ?
(C) Name
the virus D?
(4) How can A, B and C be caused?
(e) Out ot A, B and C, which one does not have a definite cure as yet
cell B
person X is round
in shape and it fuses with another germ havinga
0 he germ cell A produced by a
I h e cell C
divides
Ong tail and produced by a person Y. The fusion
of A and B produces a new
cell.
D of person X to form E in
which the body teatures of the unbom
epeatedly and grows inside the organ further to form F in which the various body features
of the
unborm
baby a r e not much E grows
developed.
hands, legs, head, eyes, and ears, etc.)
(iike
can be identified. F ultimately
grows hurther is male
and
torms
Daby ? Out of the two persons X and Y, which one and which one
What a r e A, B, C, D, E and F
baby.
female ?

human is more
likely to grow into an adult than a frog zygote.
105. Explain why, a
zygote
109. In a bisexual flower, inspite of the young stamens being removed artificially, the flower produces fruit
Explain.
110. In what ways is fertilisation in a plant :

(a) similar to fertilisation in a human ?

(b) different from fertilisation in a human?