Definition

Reproduction is the process of producing new individuals from living organisms.

 

Reproduction
Sexual As
Involves reproductive cells Does not involve reproductive c
Occurs in:
Occurs in:
 humans
 plants (onion, ginger, po
 higher animal (mammal, bird, fish, reptile and amphibian)
 simple organism (Amoe
 flowering plant

 
Sexual Reproduction
 
Parent
Male Fema
Carries male reproductive cell Carries female reproductive cell

 
 Differences between internal and external fertilisation
Internal
The nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the nucleus of the female gamete inside Nucleus of male gamet
the body of female parent gamete outside the bod
Male parent releases sp
Male parent releases sperm into the body of female parent
ovum. Occurs in the wa
Male gamete from the male reproductive organ will be released into the female Male gamete usually sw
organ which has the female gamete and fuses to form a zygote with itt.
 Asexual Reproduction

Binary fusion
Binary fission is the division of a single parent cell into two daughter cells.
Example: Amoeba, Paramecium and bacteria
 

Budding
 Budding is the process of forming a bud on the organism's body.
 A bud starts off as a sweeling. Then, it develops and breaks off as a new young

Example: Hydra and yeast

 

Regeneration
Occurs from the ability of the fragments of some organisms to grow and develop into completely new indiciduals.
Examples: Flatworm, starfish and Planaria
 

Spore formation
 Spore formation is the process of producing spores in the sporangium.
 After the sporangium breaks, the tiny and light spores getscattered by the wind.
 When they land on a moist place, they grow into new plants.

Vegetative reproduction
 Vegetative reproduction is a method of producing newplants from avegetative part of a plant except the flower.
 Example of vegetative parts are the roots, underground stems, runners, bulbs and leaves.

Examples: Carrot, strawberry, ginger, yam and potatoes

There are three types of vegetative reproduction:

Root - Roots of parent plant will grow into new plant Example: Carro, sw
Stem - Stem of parent plant will row into new plant Example: Potato, o
Leaf - Leaves of parent plant will grow into new plants Example: Bryophy
The importance of reproduction:

 Increase the number of organisms of a species

 Transfers the genetic information to the new generation