CHEMICAL BONDS

- We can divide the periodic table into 2 big groups of atoms: ……………metals…………. and non-
metals .

- All chemical elements have the tendency to be more stable that means to have an electronic
structure like the one of ……………noble……… …………gases………… this is why they follow the octet
rule

- The octet rule says:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……Atoms with fewer or more than 8 electrons in their outermost shell will

try to lose, gain or share electrons to get 8 electrons in their outermost shell ………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

- So the octet rule means atoms tend to combine so that each atom has …………8…….. in its
outermost shell

- We start studying two types of bonds:…………………ionic……………….. and …………………

covalent…………….. Later we will see the METALLIC BOND

● IONIC BOND occurs between metal and …………non-metal………………. Example: sodium

chloride, NaCl

❖ Sodium, that is a metal, ………loses……….. 1 electron to chlorine and becomes ……

positive…………
❖ Chlorine, that is a non-metal ………gains……….. 1 electron from sodium and
becomes……negative………

Both, sodium and chlorine, now are ions of opposite charge that …………atract…………. one
each other and form a Crystal or Lattice . Make a drawing of this bonding

So, Ionic bonding is when an electron transfer takes place and generates two oppositely
charged ions

● COVALENT BONDS occurs among ……………non-metal…………….. atoms by the ……

sharing…………….. of one or more pairs of electrons. Most of them form Molecules.
Examples: H2, O2, Cl2, H2O, CO2…
❖ Explain (with your own words) and draw the bond in H 2:
 ❖ Explain (with your own words) and draw the bond in CO 2

● METALLIC BONDS are formed by the ……………………………….. attraction between the

………………….. ions arranged in a ………………………… structure and the ……………………….
electrons around them. This explains the properties of metals like:…………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Make a drawing of the metallic bonding:

Activity: complete (like the example) the type of bonding in the following substances:

Sustance Made up of Ionic Covalent Metallic

NaCl Metal + non-metal Yes (No) (No)

H2O non metal + non no yes no

metal

CuS metal+non metal yes no no

NH3 non metal+non no yes no

metal

Fe metal no yes yes

Au metal no yes yes

O2 non metal yes no no