‫ﹺ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫ﹸ‬

‫‪  ‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ )ﺍﻟﻼﻗﺤﺔ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺰﺓ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﹺ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﺭ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﺪﹸ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹺ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻻﺀ ﹲ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎ ﹸﺀ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠ ﹼﻌﺪ ﹸﺓ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﹺ‬

‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎ ﹺﻡ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﹺ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﹸ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳ ﹸﺔ‬

‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬

‫؛ ﻷﱠﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯﻻﺀ ﹲ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ .٥‬ﺍﻟﺒﺬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺴـﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻮﺍﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ ﻓﻲ ﹺ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮ￯ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﹴ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﹶ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻧ ﹺ‬
‫ﱠﺚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻛ ﹺﱠﺮ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﱞ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋ ﹶﻦ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬

‫ﹴ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻳﻀﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﹲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮ ﹸﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻮﻱ ﹶ‬
‫ﱞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﹶ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﹼﺤﺪﹸ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫‪.٧‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎ ﹺﻡ‬ ‫‪ .٨‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﹸﺓ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪ .٩‬ﺗﻌ ﱡﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮ ﹺﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻌﺐ ﹺ‬

‫ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪ ﹺﻡ ﹲ‬ ‫ﹾ ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﱠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺣﻲ ﹸ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﺟﻴ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﹲ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻕ ﱞ‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫ﹸ‬
‫‪   ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻌﻴﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎ ﹸﻡ‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎﺀ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺝ‪ .‬ﺻﻔ ﹲﺔ ﹸ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼ ﹸ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎ ﹸﻡ‬ ‫‪.١٣‬‬
‫ﹴ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴـﺔ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ﹲﺔ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﱢ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ ﹲﺔ ﹸ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫‪.١٤‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠ ﹲﺔ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﹸﺒ ﹶﻮ ﹾﻳﻀ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫‪.١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﻘﺴﺎ ﹺﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻫـ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﹸ ﻡ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫‪.١٦‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﹸ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺧﻼﻳـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﱟ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ ﹸ‬‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ ﹲﺔ ﹸ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨ ﱠﻄ ﹸﻂ‬ ‫‪.١٧‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣ ﹶﻦ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺭﺛ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫‪.١٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺭﻭﺛﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯ‪ .‬ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴ ﹸﻦ‬ ‫‪.١٩‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳ ﹸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﹸﺓ‬ ‫‪.٢٠‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺴـﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤـﻮ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳـﺎ‬ ‫ﺡ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴـ ﹲﺔ ﻣﺴـﺘﻤﺮ ﹲﺓ‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﹸ‬
‫ﻳﺴـﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺘ ﱡﺒ ﹺﻊ‬ ‫ﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪   ‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬