HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY

CRACKING D’ BOARDS REVIEW CENTER

Focal demineralization of tooth structures by products of sugar Dental caries
fermentation
Inflammation of the oral mucosa surrounding teeth Gingivitis
Biofilm that collects between and on the surface of teeth due to poor Dental plaque
oral hygiene
Inflammatory process that affects the supporting structures of the Periodontitis
tooth, alveolar bone, and cementum
Organisms associated with periodontitis Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Prevotella intermedia
Single or multiple, shallow, hyperemic mucosal ulcerations covered by Aphthous ulcers
a thin exudate and rimmed by a narrow zone of erythema
Fibrous proliferative lesions Irritation fibroma pyogenic granuloma peripheral ossifying fibroma
peripheral giant cell granuloma
Submucosal nodular mass of fibrous connective tissue stroma Irritation fibroma
Red to purple exophytic inflammatory lesion characterized by highly
vascularized proliferation of granulation tissue Pyogenic granuloma
Aggregates of multinucleate, foreign body-like giannt cells with a Peripheral giant cell granuloma
fibrovascular stroma
Usual presentation of oral herpes in: Children
Adults
Immunocompromised
Children: gingivostomatitis
Adults: pharyngitis i
Mmunocompromise: chronic mucocutaneous infections
Microscopic examination of vesicle fluid Tzanck test
Tropism for herpes simplex virus Nerves
Characteristic cpe of herpes simplex Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions
Manifestation of reactivation of latent hsv Recurrent herpetic stomatitis
Disease entities caused by epstein-barr virus Infectious mononucleosis
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lymphoma
Diseases caused by enterovirus Herpangina
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
Most common fungal infection of the oral cavity Candida albicans
Pseudomembranous form of oral candidiasis Oral thrush
Oral lesion on the lateral tongue caused by EBV in Hairy leukoplakia
immunocompromised patients
Strawberry and raspberry tongue Scarlet fever
Koplik spots Measles
Acute atp with white exudative membranes with enlargement of the Infectious mononucleosis
lymph nodes
Dirty white fibrinosuppurative, tough membrane over the Diphtheria
retropharynx
Gingival hyperplasia Phenytoin
Ad with multiple congenital telangiectasias of the oral cavity and lips Osler-weber-rendu syndrome
White patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be Leukoplakia
characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease
Red, velvety flat lesion, usually atypical Erythroplakia
Most common carcinoma of the head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common cause of scca of the oropharynx Hpv
Risk factors for scca Smoked tobacco
Alcohol
Betel quid and paan
 Actinic radiation
Pipe smoking
Hpv variant most commonly associated with hpv Hpv 16
Multiple individual primary tumors develop independently in an area Field cancerization
due to exposure to carcinogens
Histologic subtype of hpv-negative scca Keratinizing scca
Surrogate marker for hpv P16
Focal protrusions of the mycosa caused by recurrent attacks of rhinitis Inflammatory nasal polyp
Sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus Kartagener syndrome
Very lethal lymphoma of the nasopharynx that usually leads to Extranodal nk/t-cell lymphoma
lymphoma spread and cranial vault invasion
Most common causes of pharyngitis and tonsillitis Rhinovirus
Echovirus
Adenovirus
Benign highly vascular tumor that occurs in adolescent males Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Benign papilloma arising from the respiratory mucosa lining the nasal Sinonasal papilloma
cavity and paranasal sinuses
Mutation associated with nasopharyngeal angiofibromas Beta catenin
Forms of sinonasal papilloma Exophytic
Endophytic
Oncocytic
Arise from neuroectodermal olfactory cells within the mucosa Olfactory neuroblastoma
Extremely aggressive carcinoma and resistant to conventional therapy, Nut midline carcinoma
always found in the midline
Causative agent of nasopharyngeal carcinoma EBV
Patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Basaloid
Standard therapy for nasopharyneal ca Radiotherapy
Found in vocal cords of heavy smokers or those who impose great Reactive nodules
strain on their vocal cords
Benign neoplasms located on the true vocal cords that form soft, Squamous papilloma
exophytic proliferations composed of slender, fingerlike projections
supported by a central fibrovascular core
Most common carcinoma of the larynx Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common cause of acute and chronic otitis media Viral
Superimposed infections in otitis S. Pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
M. Catarrhalis
Abnormal bone deposition int eh middle ear near the rim of the oval Otosclerosis
window into which the footplate of the stapes fits
Most common malignancy of the external ear Basal cell carcinoma
Benign cystic lesions lined by sse containing lymphoid tissue Branchial cyst (cervical lymphoepithelial cyst)
Origin of branchial cysts 2nd branchial arch
Failure of the thyroid anlage to descend from the foramen cecum Thyroglossal duct cyst
Tumors of neuroendocrine cells associated with sympathetic and Paraganglioma
parasympathetic nervous systems
Most common location of extra-adrenal paragangliomas Head and neck
Adrenal paragangliomas Pheochromocytoma
Nests of chief cells with abundant, round to ovoid nuclei. Zellballen
Dry mouth resulting from a decrease in the production of saliva Xerostomia
Most common viral cause of sialadenitis Mumps
Most prevalent form of sialadenitis Mucocele
Or rupture of a salivary gland duct Mucocele
Epithelial-lined cysts that arise when the duct of the sublingual gland Ranula
has been damaged
Most common cause of sialolithiasis Staphylococcus aureus
 Streptococcus viridans
Most common location of salivary gland tumors Parotid gland
Most common location of salivary gland malignancies Parotid gland
Most common salivary gland neoplasm Pleomorphic adenoma
Histology of PA Epithelial cells arranged in ducts, acini, tubules or sheets in a loose
myxoid and hyaline matrix
Malignancy arising from a pa Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Second most common salivary gland neoplasm Warthin tumor
Greatest risk factor for warthin tumor Smoking
Histology of warthin tumor Cystic lesion lined by double layer of oncocytic cells, columnar in the
inner layer, cuboidal at the outer with lymphoepithelial elements
Most common primary malignancy of the salivary gland Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Translocation associated with mec Crtc1-maml2 fusion
Components of mec Squamous, intermediate and mucus cells
Characteristic architecture of adenoid cystic carcinoma Cribriform (swiss-cheese)