HIGH TENSION

1 HT SYSTEM
• HT TANK
– GENERATION OF HIGH TENSION
– GENERATION OF FILAMENT CURRENT
– GENERATION OF EMISSION CURRENT
• HT CABLE
• EMISSION CHAMBER
– CATHODE (filament / wehnelt cup)
– ANODE
– ACCELERATOR (only 200 and 300kV)

2 GENERATION OF HT
• REFERENCE VOLTAGE
• REGULATOR
• BOOSTER
• OSCILLATOR
• CASCADE
• MEASURING RESISTOR
• MEASURING CAPACITOR
• STABILITY
• SAFETIES
– EMERGENCY
– ACTIVE SAFETIES
– PASSIVE SAFETIES
3 GENERATION OF FILAMENT CUR.
• REFERENCE VOLTAGE
• BOOSTER
• OSCILLATOR
• FILAMENT CHAIN
• RECTIFIER
• FILAMENT TYPES
– TUNGSTEN
– LaB6

4 GENERATION OF EMISSION
• FILAMENT
• WEHNELT CYLINDER
• BIAS RESISTOR

5 DIAGNOSE HT FAULTS
• HT INSTABILITIES
• BRIGHTNESS INSTABILITIES
• OSCILLATOR DEFECTS
• CABLE DEFECTS
• CURRENTS IN THE TANK
• DARK CURRENTS
• ADJUSTMENT OF EMISSION CURRENT
 Filament chain HT tank
Power Oscillator
REF Buffer
supply

I Filament
3A/3Volt
I bleeder

Sum
Power
HTR Oscillator
supply
Is
Cascade chain
800V
Im Measuring resistors
Emission
Measuring capacitors switch
M Emission motor

+
Buffer
Compa- Damping
REF
rator resistor
R leak cable
-
I total I emission
HT cable
 CM VHT
600M IE
CC

RC
CV RV
* Extra for BioFilter
3kVMOD IM
+
D18 CF
- Slow IE + IM
IM Fast
regulator regulator
VR +
RI RV1 RV2 PE1264 OSC
0R -
D4 D2
EM5139B
Preset
*
 The Triode Gun principle Rbias
- HT
Ie 800V rare gas cartridge

18E 18E

WEHNELT

FILAMENT

VIRTUAL SOURCE

ANODE

EM6326

Filament image as seen on the screen during saturation of the filament

A B C D

A The initial spot represents emission directly from the filament tip (filament far undersaturated).
B A ring of satellites is seen and is produced by electron emission from parts of the filament away from
the tip (filament still deep undersaturated).
C A further increase in heating the filament results in an accumulation of electrons (formation of a space
charge from which electrons are extracted).
D At saturation the space charge has become intense and only electrons from its axial portion are extract-
ed to produce an intense spot.
VERY STABLE VERY UNSTABLE
∆U = 4mV/min.
≈ 1ppm/min. ≈ 1000 ppm/min.
HT GENERATOR

HT REG.
COLUMN
X15
REF Power OSC. Ie
HTR Supply CASCADE
RWEHNELT TIP
(Itot = Ie + Im + IUN) HT MEASURED
Im + IUN BY EELS
X7
3.07V

10k

600M
20- 100µV BUF RM IUN
7 - 30 ppm/min. X6
RUNSTABLE

HTR EELS
Virtual zero ∆U = 15eV
Im ≈ 75 ppm/min.

BUFFER X9
VERY STABLE

50k
∆U = 10 µV/min.
< 1.5 ppm/min.
X8

REF HTR

Virtual zero
EMxxxx
 VERY UNSTABLE
∆U = 3 mV/min.
≈ 800 ppm/min.
* no connection HT GENERATOR

HT REG.
COLUMN
X15 X11
REF Power OSC. Ie
HTR Supply CASCADE
RWEHNELT TIP
(Itot = Ie + Im + IUN)
HT MEASURED
BATTERY Im + IUN BY EELS
X7

1500M
10k
BUF RM IUN
X6 RUNSTABLE

EELS
HTR ∆U = 50 eV
Virtual zero Im ≈ 250 ppm/min.

VERY UNSTABLE BUFFER X9

∆U = 24mV/min.

50k
≈ 3000 ppm/min.
X8

REF HTR

Virtual zero
EMxxxx
 HT
GENERATOR COLUMN

Rm HT

X9 FILAMENT
MUST BE
STABLE
BUFFER
BOARD ANODE

X8

HTR
-
V
+
.
HTR X10 EM6407

Ground shield

Coating

Fil
HT
Fil

Gel

Dielectric
 CABLE
F1

18Ω
R_leak R_leak
TANK
18Ω
F2

R_emission

R_leak R_leak

HT

800 V max.
- 200 kV
I_tot I_bleeder I_meas
filament
I_bleeder
Note:The specified maximum voltage accelerator
in the cable between f1, f2 and
HT is 1.5 kV. ANODE
Iemission
EM6541 +
EMISSION CHAMBER
 PRINCIPLE OF FAST REGULATION

Bias Resistor wehnelt

HT -
GENERATOR HT
+ anode

Bottom of the HT tank

FAST Between
REGULATION - 24V and + 24V COLUMN

EM4526
See

EM4212A

EM4313B

EM6962B