Biology: Chapter 13 Reproduction

Combined Science: Chapter 11 Reproduction Essays

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Essays

Biology: Chapter 13 Reproduction

Combined Science: Chapter 11 Reproduction

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Write an essay on the following topic.
Outline the process from sperm production to fertilisation. (10 marks)
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Content (maximum 7 marks)
Contents Description Marks
Sperm - Sperm mother cells divide by meiosis to produce sperm cells
production which are haploid.
- Sperm cells differentiate into tadpole-like cells with three parts:
a head containing enzyme for penetrating into ovum; a middle
piece containing mitochondrion and a tail for locomotion (max. 2 marks)
Ejaculation of - Sperm is nourished and activated by seminal fluid.
semen - Seminal fluid is secreted by seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands
and prostate glands.
- Sperm is mixed with seminal fluid to from semen.
- When a male is sexually excited, the normally soft penis becomes
erect and hard.
- During sexual intercourse, the erect penis of the male is inserted
into the vagina of the female.
- Semen is ejaculated from the penis near to the top of the vagina. (max. 3 marks)
Fertilisation - Sperm and ovum meets at the oviduct.
- Sperm penetrate the jelly coat of the ova by the enzyme from the
sperm’s head.
- The male nucleus (nucleus of the sperm) fuses with the female
nucleus (nucleus of the ovum) and the ovum is fertilised. (max. 2 marks)

Communication (maximum 3 marks)

Marks awarded Clarity of expression
3 Easy to understand, fluent, good
command of language
2 Language used is understandable,
some inappropriate use of words
Logical and systemic presentation
Well structured showing coherence of thought
and organisation of ideas
Most answers are organised, some repetitions
of ideas

________________________________________________________________________________________
HKDSE Biology – a modern approach
© 2009 Aristo Educational Press Ltd.
 Biology: Chapter 13 Reproduction
Combined Science: Chapter 11 Reproduction
________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Markers have to spend some time
and effort to understand
0 Language used is
incomprehensible
Essays
Answers a bit disorganised, but paragraphing
is evident, repetitions are prominent
Just paragraphs shown, ideas are not coherent
and systematic. Answers chaotic, showing no
attempt to organise thoughts
_________
(10 marks)##

% |!|EEB021311002X|!|
* Write an essay on the topic asexual reproduction. (11 marks)
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Content (maximum 8 marks)
Contents Description Marks
Introduction - Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single
parent.
- The parent produces new individuals by mitotic cell division.
- It does not involve the fusion of gametes / Fertilisation does not
take place.
- The new organisms are genetically identical to its parent.
- Examples include binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast and
vegetative propagation in flowering plants. (max. 3 marks)
Binary fission in - It is the splitting of a parent bacterium into two equally.
bacteria
Budding in yeast - A yeast buds and the bud become a new individuals.
Vegetative - It is the process in which a new plant is developed from one of
propagation in more buds present somewhere on the parent plant.
flowering plants - Plants may store food under ground in special food-storage
organs during the growing season and they will use the stored
food to develop new shoots in the new growing season.
- The food-storage organs of the perennial plants are called
perennating organs.
- Examples include: bulbs, which are short underground stems
surrounded by fleshy scale leaves swollen with food stores;
- corms, which are short, vertical swollen underground stems;
- rhizomes, which are horizontally growing underground stems;
- stem tubers, which are swollen ends of underground stems;
- runners, which grow over the soil and form buds, roots and scale
leaves. (max. 5 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________
HKDSE Biology – a modern approach
© 2009 Aristo Educational Press Ltd.
Biology: Chapter 13 Reproduction
Combined Science: Chapter 11 Reproduction Essays
________________________________________________________________________________________

Communication (maximum 3 marks)

Marks awarded Clarity of expression
3 Easy to understand, fluent, good
command of language
2 Language used is understandable,
some inappropriate use of words
1 Markers have to spend some time
and effort to understand
0 Language used is
incomprehensible
Logical and systemic presentation
Well structured showing coherence of thought
and organisation of ideas
Most answers are organised, some repetitions
of ideas
Answers a bit disorganised, but paragraphing
is evident, repetitions are prominent
Just paragraphs shown, ideas are not coherent
and systematic. Answers chaotic, showing no
attempt to organise thoughts
_________
(11 marks)##

________________________________________________________________________________________
HKDSE Biology – a modern approach
© 2009 Aristo Educational Press Ltd.