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and LO3
1. Which of the following changes its electrical resistance when its length is changed?
[3 marks]
a. Strain gauge b. Inductive probe
c. Piezo electric d. Capacitive probe
2. Which of the following affects measurements carried out using ultra sound sensor?
[3 marks]
a. Temperature b. foam vapor or on the surface of the material
c. irregular material surface d. All of the above
3. A transducer has a sensitivity of 12mV/psi is wired to an amplifier as shown in the circuit
diagram, if Vout is 9.75v, Ri = 20kΩ, Rf = 30kΩ, what is the measured pressure at the
transducer? [3 marks]
a. 541.66 psi b. 1083.5 psi
c. 137.00 psi d. 325.00 psi
9 V0/ Vi = (1+Rf /Ri)
Vi = Vo/(1 + 30/20)
Vi = 9.75 / 2.5 V =325 psi
4. An ultrasound transducer is used to measure the depth of a liquid in a pipe. If the
pipe height H is 15.5m, if the measured two time by the ultrasound is 24ms, what is
the height of the liquid? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)? [3 marks]
a. 11.42m b. 22.84m
c. 14.27m d. 20.55m
5. A RTD temperature sensor with R(To) = 100Ω at 20oC, α = 0.005 Ω/oC is connected in
Wheatstone bridge configuration as shown, R1 is a variable resistor which nulls the bridge
with 100Ω, what is the measured temp of the RTD? [4 marks]
o
2220 C
R4 = 200×600/100= 1200 Ω
ܴሺܶሻ
ൌ ܴሺܶሻሾ1 ߙሺܶ െ ܶሿ
R(T) = 100×[1 + 0.005(T‐ 200]
Find T= 2220oC
1. Measuring the level in agitated tank is best performed using _________. [3marks]
a. Indirect contact hydrostatic level sensor b. Non‐contact Ultrasound
c. Resistive probes d. Capacitive probes
2. Which of the following temperature sensors can be used in control system to lower than 1oC?
[3 marks]
a. IC temp b. Thermocouple
c. Resistance temperature detector (RTD) d. Thermistors
3. A RTD temperature sensor with R(To) = 100Ω at 20oC, α = 0.005
Ω/oC is connected in a voltage divider circuit as shown, if the
temperature is 420oC, what is the Voltmeter reading?
[4 marks]
a. 2.5V b. 3.75 V
c. 1.25 V d. 0.75 V
Find ܴሺܶሻ ൌ ܴሺܶ ሻሺ1 ߙሺܶ െ ܶ ሻሻ, = 300Ω,
Use the voltage divider V = 2.5V
4. An ultrasound is used to measure the depth of a tunnel by sending an ultrasound wave. If
the wave takes 125 ms to travel to the obstruction and back, what is the depth of the
tunnel? [ 3 marks]
21.25m
Depth = 340 × (125/2) = 21.25m
5. A pressure sensor with a sensitivity of 10Ω/psi is placed as R4 in Wheatstone bridge
configuration as shown, if the pressure is equal to 10psi. R1 is a variable resistor set to 300Ω
what is the unbalanced voltage ΔV from the bridge? [ 3 marks]
2.5V Find R4 = 10× 10 = 100Ω
ΔV = 10×(0.0257)= 2.57V
1. Which of the following is a level measurement where the level sensor is placed in with the
material at a single point and level is inferred from this measurement? [2 marks]
a. indirect contact b. direct contact
c. indirect non‐contact d. direct non‐contact
2. The Seebeck effect is found in which of the following temperature sensors? [2 marks]
a. IC temp b. Thermocouple
c. Resistance temperature detector (RTD) d. Thermistors
3. A pressure sensor with 5Ω/psi is placed as R4 in Wheatstone bridge configuration as shown
R1 is a variable resistor used to null the bridge. If R1 = 600Ω, what is the pressure of the water
that nulls the bridge? [3 marks]
a. 5 psi b. 20 psi
c. 30psi d. 40psi
R2 ×R3 = R1× R4
R4 = (300) (400)/ 600
= 200Ω
200/5 = 40psi
4. An ultrasound transducer is used to measure the depth of a liquid in a pipe. If the
pipe height H is 10m, if the ultrasound signal takes 24ms to travel from the sensor
to the surface of the liquid, what is the height of the liquid? (speed of sound = 340
m/s)? [3 marks]
a. 1.84m b. 8.16m
c. 3.68m d. 6.32m
10 ‐ 340×24ms= 1.84
5. A sensor outputs a range of 30 mv to 230 mV as a variable varies over its range, develop signal
conditioning circuit using the differential amplifier so that this becomes 0 to 5v, then
determine the output of the circuit when an input of 100 mV drives the circuit?
[3 marks]
DC=0.03, Gain = 5/(0.23‐0.03)=25
1.75V
Vout = 25(0.1 ‐ 0.03) =1.75V
6. Determine the height of a liquid in tank if the measured pressure is 0.5Mpa and the specific
weight of the liquid is 9.8 kN/m3. [3 marks]
h= 0.05Mpa / 9.8 kN/m3 =5.1m
7. Choose the most suitable answer from the list of options below to fill in the space.
[4 marks]
Indirect contact level Strain gauge Thermocouple RTD
Thermistor Bourdon meter gravitational gauges
Orifice plates sensor Capacitive probe deformation (elastic) sensors
a. A capacitive probe ______ is a sensor that uses the electrical characteristics of the sensor
to find the level of the liquid in a tank.
b. Manometers are good examples of ___ gravitational gauges ______ measuring
instruments, nowadays they are not as common as before.
c. Thermocouple_____ is a temperature sensor based on the behavior of two metals joined
together and heated at one end.
d. Orifice plates sensor_______ measures a pressure drop across a line restriction in the flow
path, generating a pressure difference.
LO5
6. Which of the following is a system that doesn’t oscillate but takes a long time to reach the
steady state? [2 marks]
a. Over damped b. under damped
c. critically damped d. marginally damped
7. Which of the following is the time required for the response to reach 63% the final value for
the very first time? [2 marks]
a. delay time b. time constant
c. rise time d. dead time
8. The pair of ______________ are related to the controllability of a process. [2 marks]
a. dead time & time constant b. rise time & fall time
b. settling time & lead time d. independent of any time
9. Which of the following responses has a damping ratio < 1? [3 marks]
a b c
10. Which of the following refers to the regulation of error between the desired value and
output value when the control system has been operating for some time? [3 marks]
a. Steady‐state regulation b. Transient regulation
c. distributed regulation d. constant regulation
11. Which of the following is the time required for the response to reach half the final value the
very first time? [3 marks]
a. delay time b. time constant
c. rise time d. dead time
12. A closed loop system has an output of 4.87 when Vi = 1, the system uses a feedback element
with an attenuation H = 20%, which of the following is a suitable open loop gain G?
[3 marks]
G = 187.3
1×[G/(1+G×.2)] = 4.87
Solve for G=187.3
1/15= 6.66%
15. What is the time constant for the shown process response? [3 marks]
amp at t63% = 0.63 × 15 = 9.45 t63% = 125 – 70 = 55
16. Which of the following PID gains when increased excessively causes oscillations?
[3 marks]
a. Ki b. Kd
c. Kp d. None of the above
17. In ON‐OFF controller, which of the following is used to prevent rapid cycling?
[3 marks]
a. differential gap b PI
c. PID d. ON/OFF controller has no rapid cycling
18. Which of the following component of a PID only decreases the steady state?
[3 marks]
a. Proportional b. Integral
c. Derivative d. Both b & c
19. Which of the following Ziegler Nichols tuning methods the gains I and D are set to zero?
[3 marks]
a. Open loop b. closed loop
c. Both a and b d. none of the above
20. Which of the following is true about the shown ON-OFF controller?
[3 marks]
0.12=x / 50
x= 6
pump on at 20 +3 = 23
1. which of the following is an example of an open loop control system? [2 marks]
a. automatic toasters b. alarm clocks
c. sprinkler system d. all of the above.
2. ___________ is the amount above which the process variable exceeds the final value.
[2 marks]
a. Over shoot b. under shoot
c. error d. gain
3. Which of the following is the time required for the process variable to settle to within a
certain percentage of the final value? [2 marks]
a. settling time b. time constant
c. rise time d. dead time
4. What is the period of time that passes between a change in the controller output and a
change in the process variable being measured? [3 marks]
a. dead time b. rise time
c.steady state time d. time constant
5. A process is said to be easier to control when ________. [3 marks]
a. dead time is less than the time constant
b. dead time is greater than the time constant
c. dead time is much greater by at least ten times than the time constant
d. doesn’t depend on the dead time nor the time constant.
6. Which of the following responses is known as an underdamped response [3 marks]
a b c
7. A system has a gain of G = 200 and the feedback element has an attenuation of H = 20%,
what is the closed loop gain of the system? [3 marks]
4.87
200/(1+200×0.2) = 4.87
8. What is the delay time? [3 marks]
t50% = 26‐16 = 10 sec
9. Find the ratio of (Dead time / Time constant)? [3 marks]
time constant t63% = 28 – 16 = 12
sec
Dead time / time constant t63% = 8 /
12 = 0.667 < 1 easy to control
The ratio is 0.667 < 1 easy to control
11. Which of the following component of a PID only decreases the steady state? [3 marks]
a. Proportional b. Integral
c. Derivative d. Both b & c
12. Which of the following components of a PID controlled accumulates the error over time
and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? [3 marks]
a. Proportional b. Integral
c. Derivative d. Both b & c
13. Which of the following will decrease the rise time? [3 marks]
a. P b. I
c. D d. both a & b
14. Which of the following Ziegler Nichols tuning methods where the process is placed in
the Auto mode? [3 marks]
a. Open loop b. closed loop
c. Both a and b d. none of the above
15. Which of the following is true about the shown ON-OFF controller?
[3 marks]
a.mv = 0% for PV > SP & mv = 100% for PV < SP
b.mv = 100% for PV > SP & mv = 0% for PV < SP.
c.mv = 100% for PV > SP & mv = 100% for PV < SP.
d.mv = 0% for PV > SP & mv = 0% for PV < SP.
16. In the shown AC system with an ON‐OFF controller, what is % differential gap if the
process has an operating range between 10oC and 50oC? [3 marks]
10%
8. Which of the following is an advantage of feedback control systems? [2 marks]
a. loss of gain b. increased gain
c. stability d. insensitive to disturbances
9. Which of the following refers to the regulation of error between the desired value and
output value when the control system has been operating for some time? [2 marks]
a. Steady‐state regulation b. Transient regulation
c. distributed regulation d. constant regulation
10. Which of the following is the time required for the process variable to settle to within a
certain percentage of the final value?
a. settling time b. time constant
c. rise time d. dead time
11. Which of the following is the final difference between the process variable and the set
point? [3 marks]
a. Steady‐State Error b. overshoot error
c. transient error d. feedback error
12. Which of the following is the time required for the response to reach half the final value the
very first time. [3 marks]
a. delay time b. time constant
c. rise time d. dead time
a b c
14. A closed loop system has a gain of G = 20 and the feedback element has an attenuation of H
= 0.2, if an input signal Vi = 4 drives the input. what is the output of the process Vo?
[3 marks]
G closed loop = G / (1 + GH) = 20 / ( 1+ 20×0.2) = 4
15. A process set point is changed from 20oC to 35oC as shown in the below graph, what is the
overshoot? [2 marks]
(3/35)× 100 = 8.5%
16. A process set point is changed from 20oC to 35oC as shown in the below graph, what is the
rise time? [3 marks]
t90% ‐ t10% = 18 ‐9.5 = 8.5 sec
17. A process set point is changed from 20oC to 35oC as shown in the below graph, What is the
delay time? [2 marks]
t50% = 13-8 = 5 sec
18. Which of the following PID gains when increased excessively causes oscillations?
[3 marks]
a. Ki b. Kd
c. Kp d. None of the above
19. Which of the following controllers anticipates the future from the slope of errors over time?
[3 marks]
a. Proportional b. Derivative
c. Integral d. ON/OFF
20. Which of the following component of a PID only decreases the steady state? [3 marks]
a. Proportional b. Integral
c. Derivative d. Both b & c
21. In ON-OFF controller, an alternative name for the differential gap is _______
[3 marks]
a. Dead zone time b. Hysteresis time
c. Integral time d. Both a & b
22. The level in a tank is controlled using an ON/OFF controller. A valve at the top of the tank is
controlled according to the shown graph. Assume the level in the tank is operated between
5m and 60m? What is the % differential gap? [3 marks]
6 / (60-5)= 10.9%