1. Inertial mass of a body is related to its inertia in linear motion.

𝑓
If F = ma => m = 𝑎

‘m’ is referred to as inertial mass

2. Weakest force : Gravitational force

Strongest force : Nuclear force

3. Inertia x mass; hence heavier bodies [has inertia of rest]

Need greater initial effort to pull them in motion.

4. Inside compartment – vertically downward

Person standing outside – parabolic

5. No effect of speed => speed will remain same

However, direction of body can change

6. 10 kg wt

7. SI unit of force = newton (N)

C.G.S unit of force = dyne
5
1N = 10 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒

8. Principle of conservation of linear momentum

9. Impulse=F.∆𝑡= Change in momentum
= 𝑃𝑖 - 𝑃𝑖
= m(v-u)

10. They act on two different bodies.

11. Because of conservation of linear Momentum.

12. The thrust depends upon the mass low rate through the engine and the velocity and pressure
at the exit of nozzle.
13. Short range : nuclear force.
Longest range : gravitation force
14. No, conservation of principle is not violated.
15. In order to acquire inertia of motion.
16. Initially the horse to do work against limiting force of static friction but when the cart starts
moving horse has to do work against rolling frictional force.
FR< FS

17. Impulse = F∆t

1
By moving the hand back word, the player inverses the time of impact thereby decreasing the force
acting on his hand.

18. Velocity is uniform

..˙ Acceleration = 0

..˙ force (F) = ma =0

19. Weight of the box i.e. R1 = mg – ma= m (g-a) = m (g-g)=0 This is the case for downward
motion and we know that for downward motion a=g

20. R1 – mg = ma ..˙R1= mg +ma

˙
21. S ∝ v2.. IF velocity is doubled. Motor car will cover distance four times longer than before.

22. ∆𝑃 =-mu-mu=- 2mu = -2 x 0.5 x 10 = -10kg m/s

23. Given ∆𝑃 = 20 kg m/s∆𝑡 = 10s

∆𝑃 20
F= ∆𝑡
= 10
=2N

24. Change in linear momentum = Impulse

=Fxt
= 100 x 1
= 100 NS

𝑤 100 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
25. W = ma => m = 𝑎
= 1000 𝑐𝑚/𝑠2
= 0.1g

− (¨. 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒)

𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑝
26. 𝐹1 = 𝑑𝑡1
𝐹2 = 𝑑𝑡2

𝐹1 𝑑𝑡2 𝑑𝑡1 5
𝐹2
= 𝑑𝑡1
=> 𝐹2 = 𝐹1 𝑥 𝑑𝑡2
= 5 2
= 12. 5𝑁

2
 27.

F sinθ -> responsible for object to move in horizontal direction

..˙F sinθ =ma

𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛θ 50 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 2
𝑎 = 𝑚
= 2
= 12.5 𝑚/𝑠

28. 𝑚1 →
𝑢1
− 𝑈2𝑚2← before collision

− 𝑉1𝑚1← 𝑚2 (𝑣2)
→ after collision

Change in momentum of 2nd ball = 𝑚𝑣2 − (− 𝑚2𝑢2)

= 𝑚𝑢2 + 𝑚2𝑢2 – [¨.𝑣2 = 𝑢2]

= + 2 𝑚2𝑢2

¨. ball (2nd) has gained momentum + 2 𝑚 𝑢 body 1 must have lost same amount of momentum.
2 2

29. Impluse = ∆ 𝑃 = m (v-u) = 0.05 (0-500)

= -25NS

30. Net Downward Force - Tension = ma

Mg – T = ma

𝑚𝑔−𝑇
a= 𝑚
= 96 x 9.8 – 72 x 9.8

3
 2
= 2.45 𝑚/𝑠

31.

Velocity before rebound = 2𝑔ℎ

..˙ = 𝑉1 = 2𝑥 10𝑥 5 = 10 m/s

Velocity after rebound = 2𝑔ℎ

..˙ = 𝑉2 = 2𝑥 10𝑥 1. 25 = 5 m/s

Impulse = ∆ 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣2 − (− 𝑚𝑣1 )

= m (𝑣2 − 𝑣1)

= 0.1 (5 +10)

= 1.5 NS

32. i) R – mg = ma =>R = mg +ma = 10 x10 + 10 x2

= 120 N

ii) mg – R =ma => R = mg - ma = 100 – 20

= 80N

iii) ¨. constant velocity is mentioned

a =0
..˙ R = mg = 10 x 10 = 100N
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33. Conservation of linear Momentum states, Total momentum before collision is equal to total
Momentum
after collision.

Before collision ∑ 𝑃 = 0 − ..˙ [since velocity = o]

After collision ∑ 𝑃 = P gun + P Bullet

..˙ P gun + P Bullet = 0

𝑚𝑎𝑣𝑎 = − 𝑚𝑏𝑣𝑏

− (0.03)(330)
𝑉𝑎 = 10
= -0.99 m/s

‘-‘ sign indicates gun is moving in backward direction

34. The gun of mass 5kg force change the bullets momentum from zero to inal value of P =
𝑀𝑣 =
1
( )𝑥 400 = 20
50
100
𝑘𝑔𝑚
𝑠

Time taken = 30 bullets / 60 second = 1 bullet /2second

..˙ 1 bullet ired in 2 second

..˙ force =
𝑑𝑝 20
𝑑𝑡
= 2
= 10 N

..˙ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑠 3𝑟𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 10 𝑁 𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑢𝑛. 𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 person should
'

apply 10N (direction) to keep gun in stable.

35.

5
 M=m2 m=m1

For mass M Mg-T=Ma

For mass m T-mg=ma
Compare the above equation
(𝑚2−𝑚1) 11.5−11 4.9 2
a= 𝑚2+𝑚1
*g= 11.5+11
x 9.8 = 22.5
= 0.218 𝑚/𝑠

V = u +at

= 0.218 x 4 = 0.872 m/s

1 2
S = ut + 2
𝑎𝑡

1 2
= 2
(0.218) (4) = 1.744 m

36. Total mass = m + M = 0.5 + 10 = 10.5 kg

𝐹 10.5 2
A= 𝑀+𝑚
= 31.5
= 3 𝑚/𝑠

Force of reaction exerted by block or rope

R = Ma = 10 x 3 = 30 N

𝑀1=150𝑘𝑔 𝑇→−− 𝑇← 𝑀2=150𝑘𝑔 −−−−→𝐹

37.
( )
𝐹= 𝑚1+𝑚2 𝑎=(150+150)5=300 𝑥 5

= 1500N

.. ́ Both the masses are equal

Tension between the two mases will be equal

T = 𝑚2𝑎 = 150 x 5 = 750 N

38. 𝐹 = (10 𝑖 + 5𝑗)𝑁

6
 .. ́𝐹𝑥 = 10𝑁, 𝐹𝑦 = 5𝑁

𝐹𝑥 10 2
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚
= 0.01 = 1000 𝑚/𝑠

𝐹𝑦 5 2
𝑎𝑦 = 𝑚
= 0.01 = 500 𝑚/𝑠

1 2
.. ́ x = Uxt + 2
𝑎𝑥𝑡

1 2
= 2
𝑥 1000 𝑥 5 = 12500 𝑚

1 2
.. ́ y = Uyt + 2
𝑎𝑦𝑡

1 2
= 2
𝑥 500 𝑥 5 = 6250 𝑚

Position after t = 5 sec

𝑟 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 = 12500 𝑖 + 6250 𝑗

39. i) with constant velocity => zero acceleration

.. ́ n = mg hence no change in wt

ii) iles upward with constant acceleration

N-mg =ma => N = mg +ma
.. ́ weight of cage will increase

iii) lies downwards with constant acceleration

mg- N =ma => N = mg - ma
hence weight of cage will decrease

40. This law states that everybody continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line unless it is compelled by some external force to change that state.

41. Consequences of Newton’s second law

→ → → →
- 𝐹= 𝑚𝑎, if 𝐹 = 0, then 𝑎 = 0. This indicates that a body moves with a uniform velocity in
the absence of any external force thus second law is consistent with irst law.

7
 - If is strictly applicable to a point particle, but is also applicable to a body or a system of
→ →
particles, provided 𝐹 is the total external force on the system &𝑎 is the acceleration of the
system as a whole.

42. Because the 1st and 3rd laws can be derived from 2nd law.

43. Force : It may be de ined as that force which produces a unit acceleration in a body of mass
1kg or unit mass.
Inertia: It is the intrinsic property of body to resist to change.
Linear momentum: It is the product of mass of a body and velocity for linear motion.

44. i) Based on Inertia of rest

Ex:- When a horse suddenly starts running, the rider falls backward.

ii) Based an inertia of motion.

Ex:- When a horse running fast suddenly stops, the rider is thrown forward.

iii) Based on inertia of direction.

Ex:- When a beside moves, the mud sticking to its wheels lies off tangentially.
→ →
45. 𝑃 = 𝑚𝑣

Differentiating P with respect to time t,

→ →
→ →
𝑑𝑝
𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑
𝑑𝑡 (𝑚𝑣) = 𝑚𝑑 𝑣
𝑑𝑡
= m𝑎

→
→ 𝑑𝑝
𝐹∝ 𝑑𝑡

→ →
𝐹 ∝m𝑎
→ →
𝐹 = km𝑎
→ →
If 𝐹, 𝑚, 𝑎 = 1

..˙ K = 1
→ →
..˙𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎

8
46. Impulse of a force :- impulse is the total effect of a large force which acts for a short time to
produce a inite change in momentum.

Impulse = force x time duration = total change in momentum

Ex :- i) A cricket player lowers in hand while catching a ball.

ii) A person falling from a certain height receives more injuries when the fall on cemented than on a
heep of sand.

47. To every action there is an equal an opposite reaction.

Ex. i) Book kept on a table.

ii) While swimming, a person pushes water with his hands in the Backward direction.

48. i) When the lift moves upwards with acceleration a -> R –mg = ma

..˙ Apparent weight, R = m (g+a)

So when a lift accelerates upward, the apparent weight of the man inside it increases.

ii) When the lift moves downwards with acceleration

mg – R= ma

..˙ R = m (g-a)

So when a lift accelerates downwards, the apparent weight of a man inside it decreases.

iii) When the lift is at rest or moving with uniform velocity ϑ downwards / upward.

..˙ a = o, net force on the man is

R – mg = m x o = 0

R = mg

..˙ Apparent weight = Actual weight

iv) When the lift falls freely, then a = g, the net downward force on the man is

9
 R = m (g-g) = 0

..˙ The apparent weight of the man becomes zero.

..˙there is feeling of weightlessness.

→ → 𝑚 𝑚
49. 𝐹𝐴𝐵 =− 𝐹𝐵𝐴 (𝐴)𝑢 1 (𝐵 )𝑢 2
1 2

→ → → →
Impulse 𝐹𝐴𝐵 - 𝐹𝐵𝐴∆𝑡 = 𝑚1𝑣1 − 𝑚1𝑢1 Before collision
𝑚1𝑚2
→ → → → → →
Impulse 𝐹𝐵𝐴 - 𝐹𝐵𝐴∆𝑡 = 𝑚2𝑣2 − 𝑚2𝑢2 𝐹𝐴𝐵 (A) (B)𝐹𝐵𝐴

→ →
But 𝐹𝐴𝐵 ∆𝑡= -𝐹𝐵𝐴∆𝑡 During collision
𝑚1𝑚2
→ → → →
..˙𝑚1𝑣1 + 𝑚1𝑣1 = 𝑚1𝑢1+ 𝑚2𝑢2 (A) (B)
𝑣1 𝑣2
After collision

Total linear momentum after collision = total linear momentum before collision.

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