Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Science-Grade 8 Learner
Activity Sheets
Quarter 1- Week 1: Force and Motion First
Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work
for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (e.g., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in the activity sheets are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The authors do not represent
nor claim ownership over them.
Management Team
Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the
mass of the object to the amount of change in the object’s motion (S8FE-Ia-15)
Learning Objectives:
1. identify the forces acting on an object at rest and construct a free body
diagram of forces acting on an object;
2. examine conditions when two forces are balanced;
3. demonstrate Newton’s Law of Inertia;
4. expound how an unbalanced (net) force affects the acceleration of a
moving object; and
5. interpret Newton’s Laws of Motion (Law of Inertia and Law of
Acceleration).
Key Concepts:
Force is a push or a pull. It can make objects move, stop, or change their
direction of motion.
An object maybe acted upon by several forces. For example, an object may
be pushed and pulled in different directions at the same time. To identify
which of these forces would be able to cause change in the motion of the
object, it is important to identify all the forces acting on it.
Forces are described in terms of magnitude. Magnitude refers to the size or
strength of the force which is commonly expressed in Newton (N); direction
of the force, point of application and line of action.
Normal force- a force that acts perpendicular to the surface of the object in
contact with. Its symbol is FN.
Credit: Science 8
LM)
Tension force – a force applied to hanging string, rope, chain or cable. Its
symbol is T.
Page
2
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph
Non-contact forces are forces where objects do not touch or contact with
each other. These forces act over a zone or area called field.
If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, they are
considered as balanced forces. These forces must lie along the same line. If the forces
are balanced, the objects either stay at rest or continue to move at constant velocity.
Page
3
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph
Forces that cause a change in the motion of an object are unbalanced
forces. Unbalanced forces are not equal and in opposite direction. Suppose that one of
the teams in tug-of-war, as shown in Figure 10, exerts greater magnitude of force,
FB, on the ground than the other team, the forces applied on the ground would
no longer be equal. One team would be able to pull the other team in the
direction of the larger force.
Example:
Fnet =FA + FB
=5 units + ( -10 units)
= - 5 units
Newton’s First Law states that an object at rest will remain at rest or an object in
motion will stay in motion and travel in straight line, as long as no external net
force acts on it. The object will change its state of motion only if there is
unbalanced or net force acting upon it. It is also known as the Law of Inertia.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration states that the acceleration of
an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force acting on it and is
inversely proportional to its mass.
The statement concerned with the relation of acceleration to mass and force.
This can be expressed in equation form as:
Acceleration = Net force/ Mass a=
Fnet/m
This often rearranged as Fnet = ma; force has a unit and is expressed in
Newton (N). One Newton is defined as the amount of force required to give a 1
-kg mass an acceleration of 1m/s/s or 1 Newton (N)= 1 kg m/s2
Example:
a. Suppose a ball of mass 0.50 kg is hit with a force of 15N. Its acceleration
will be:
Given: mass =0.50 kg Formula : a=Fnet/m
Force =15N Solution: a=15N
Find: a=? 0.50 kg
a=30 m/s2
b. If the same ball on item A is hit with a force of 20N, what is it new
acceleration?
Given: mass =0.50 kg Formula : a=Fnet/m
Force =20N Solution: a=20N
Find: a=? 0.50 kg
a=40 m/s2
Page
4
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph
Activity 1:
Exploring, Investigating Invisible Forces!
Objective:
Identify the forces acting on an object at rest and construct a free body
diagram of forces acting on an object.
What to do:
Look and study the pictures as shown in Figure 11 and 12.
1. Consider the pen at rest, draw the forces acting on the pen. Use arrows to
represent these forces.
2. If the string will be cut, what happens to the pen? What could have
caused the pen’s motion?
3. Is the book at rest or in motion?
4. Draw the forces acting on the book. Use arrows to represent these forces.
Activity 2 Balance of
Forces
What you need: Pictures of tug-of-war game and a ball pushed on the floor
Figure 13. Balanced forces in a tug-of-war Figure 14. A ball pushed on the floor
(Credit: shutterstock.co m)
Page 5
1. If two groups in the game are exerting equal and opposite forces on the rope,
will the rope move?
2. In the same condition, what happens to the net force acting on the
rope?
3. What are the forces present on the rope?
4. Refer to Figure 14. If you place a ball on the floor then push it gently to one
side, observe the motion of the ball as it rolls down the floor.
a. What makes the ball stop rolling after sometime?
b. What are the forces that act on the ball?
Activity 3
Investigating Inertia
Objective:
Demonstrate the Newton’s Law of Inertia
What to do:
A. Coin Drop
1. Arrange the setup as shown in Figure 15 .
B. Stack of Coins
4. Stack the coins on a flat level surface.
5. Quickly hit the coin at the bottom with the edge of
the ruler.
Figure 16. Stack of coins
(Credit: Science 8 LM)
Page
6
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph
Guide Questions: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 4 Data
Analysis
Objectives:
Expound how an unbalanced (net) force affects the acceleration of a
moving object.
What to do:
Study the table below.
1. How would you describe the relationship between mass and acceleration?
2. How would you describe the relationship between force and acceleration?
3. What is the acceleration of a 50kg object pushed with a force of 500N?
Page
7
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph
Reflection
Picture Analysis
Study and analyze the pictures below.
Scoring Rubric
3 points Scientifically explained consistent to the concepts and has no
misconception.
2 points Scientifically explained consistent to the concepts but with
minimal misconception.
1 point Scientifically explained consistent to the concepts but with
misconceptions.
Campo, Pia C., et.al. 2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City:
Department of Education
Campo, Pia C., et.al. 2013. Science 8 Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City:
Department of Education
Rabago, Lilia., Ph.D., et.al. 2014. Science and Technology 8. Quezon City:
Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Online Resources:
https://kidsclubforjesus.org/science-lab-activity-the-coin-drop.html
http://teacherplant.weebly.com/uploads/5/0/9/1/50912219/q1_modul
http://www.thomastownps.vic.edu.au/app/webroot/uploaded_files/media/for
ces_and_motion_andrea.pdf1_activities.pdf
https://www.aplustopper.com/newtons-laws-motion/
https://sciencetrek.org/sciencetrek/topics/force_and_motion/facts.cfm
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Inertia-and-
Mass
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k12/rocket/BottleRocket/pdf/Educator%201
01.doc
Page
8
Author: Chery Lou A. Alceso and Sanita G. Baser School/Station:
Surigao del Norte National High School Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: cherylou.alceso@deped.gov.ph/sanita.baser@deped.gov.ph