DISASTER RESISTANT

BUILDINGS & MANAGEMENT

DROUGHTS
SUBMITTED BY
121815502008-SUDEEPTHI.P
121815502018-DNSS MANASA
SEC-B, SEM-VIII
INTRODUCTION
• A lack or shortage of water for an
unusually long period of time,
involving 50% less than the usual
rainfall over 3 months.
• The land is barren and covered in thin
dust. Cracks appears in the earth’s.
This is drought.
What do you mean by drought?

• The word drought instantly brings image of dry, parched land, no rainfall, crop
failures, starvation and bad living conditions to our mind.
• In simple terms, drought is a condition of acute scarcity of water, food, fodder, and
employment due to scanty rainfall in an area.
• It is one of the most widespread disaster that India faces, affecting more than 70% of
cultivable land.
• Often, people do not react to drought like they do to other sudden disasters such as
earthquakes, cyclones, and floods.
• Since drought conditions develop over period of time, and without immediately
perceptible changes to environment.
• Hence drought is called a ‘ slow on set’ disaster.
HOW A DROUGHT STARTS?
• A drought starts when total rainfall is
well below average for several months
• Other signs of drought include:
1. Very dry soil
2. Trees have a sign of dying
3. Weather getting hotter and hotter

CAUSES OF DROUGHT
1. Deficiency Of Rain Water
DROUGHT PRONE AREAS IN INDIA
2. Soil Erosion
3. Global Warming
4. Deforestation
TYPES OF DROUGHTS

METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT
• Meteorological drought is generally defined by
comparing the rainfall in a particular place and
at a particular time.
• This happens when the actual rainfall in an
area is significantly less than the climatological
mean of that area.
• Meteorological drought leads to soil moisture
and this always has an effect on crops
production.
TYPES OF DROUGHTS
HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT
• Hydrological Drought is associated with
the effect of low rainfalls on water level
in reservoirs, rivers & lakes .
• This type of drought are noticed
sometimes after a meteorology
drought.
• A hydrological drought change in water
level affects eco-system.
TYPES OF DROUGHTS
AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT
• Agricultural drought occurs when
there isn’t enough water for a
crop to grow at the particular
time.
• This type of drought doesn’t
depend only in the amount of
rainfalls where water is used
carelessly for irrigation and other
purpose.
CAUSES OF DROUGHTS IN RAJASTHAN-NATIONAL
• Drought in the Indian
subcontinent are mainly due to
failure of rainfall from southwest
monsoon.
• The root cause for failure of
monsoon rainfall is cued to
the widespread, persistent
atmospheric subsidence, which
results from general circulation of
the atmosphere.
DECLARATION OF DROUGHT IN RAJASTHAN

• The scarcity manual for rajasthan lays out the rules and procedures to be followed in declaring a
drought
• Well the scarcity manual includes many criteria, in practice, the state government has come to rely
almost exclusively on girdawari report and the losses in sowing and production reported therein
• The girdawari report is land news report and is prepared by the patwari (land records official) of each
panchayat
• To calculate the losses, the current year's figures are compared with area sown and production in
normal years
• On the basis of this, calculations of affected population are made.
• The other criteria in the scarcity manual include distress migrations, increase in deaths common use
of starvation deaths, etc
FREQUENCY OF DROUGHTS IN RAJASTHAN

• Low rainfall coupled with erratic behavior of the monsoon in the state make rajasthan the most
vulnerable to drought
• Based on historical data the frequency of occurrence of droughts in the state is given in the following
table
DROUGHTS IN SRI LANKA- INTERNATIONAL

• Sri Lanka as an island located close to

equator is prone to warm weather
conditions.
• This can be seen by the annual occurrences
of droughts in the country.
• The major droughts occurred in 1992 and
2001.
• The seasonal distribution shows that
droughts occur largely in the month of
August.
DROUGHT RELATED ISSUES IN SRI LANKA
• Lack of capacity to supply water for drinking and domestic
consumptions.
• Significant loss/drops in paddy cultivation.
• Food deficit and prices hikes.
• Reduce hydropower electricity generation.
• Inadequate water harvesting systems.
• Inadequate readiness among communities for climate
adaptation.
• Lack of water and food for wild animals in natural
reserves/parks.
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT

• Drought management means, all concerted action by the local communities, government, donors,
NGOs, international organization and other actors, to prepare for, respond to and help recover from
drought.
• Ministry of Disaster management and Ministry for Disaster Relief Services are provided immediate
emergency services and to coordinates activities in regard to natural disasters.
• Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Irrigation assist in drought management.
• Celon Electricity Board ,water resources and water drainage Board provide their assistance to reduce
the impact of the drought.
• Local authorities and provincial councils are responsible for distribuition of relief good and services
such as payments for compensation.
• Ministry of wild life and Ministry of Environment have responsibility to take care of wild life such as
providing foods and drinking water. Drought Management of Sri Lanka.
THANK YOU!