Methods of Disposal

1. Dumping
2. Controlled Tipping or Sanitary Landfill
3. Incineration
4. Composting
5. Manure pits
6. Burial
 CASE OF MAVALLIPURA LANDFILLS
■ The Mavallipura landfills are merely 2.5 km away from the flow
of River Arkavathi and comprehensively violate an order of the
Karnataka Department of Forest, Ecology and Ecology and
Environment that protects the 1453 sq km watershed of
Tippagondanahalli Reservoir across Arkavathi
■ Arkavathi - a major drinking water source for Bangalore - from
polluting facilities.
■ landfills is that they are located merely 5.6 kms from the critical
Mavallipura site location
defense facility Yelahanka Air Force Base

Pond near landfill site,

Mavallipuram

Unsegregated waste in
Mavallipuram
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 ISSUES IN MAVALLIPURA LANDFILL SITE
• With water contamination widespread, diarrhea is very common. This has resulted in people becoming
increasingly vulnerable to a variety of infections and children appear generally malnourished.
• The most alarming indicator of the high rate of human toxicity is that the village has discovered a sudden
spike in the rate of cancers, kidney failures and heart diseases.
• The results showed that the highest metal concentration that exists in the Leachate was Iron which is
about of 12 ppm.
• Contamination of the soil and water resulting in failed crops, such that many of the farmers in the village
are turning to alternate means of livelihood like brick making.

NO FENCING: Landfill site shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate to monitor incoming
vehicles or other modes of transportation

NO PROPER TREATMENT: leachates collection and treatment shall be made.

RUN-OFF FROM SITE: Prevention of run-off from landfill area entering any stream, river, lake or pond.
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Unsegregated waste in Mavallipura A trench was dug from landfill to a
near-by water body to drain the toxic

Waste covered with tarpaulin sheets Leachate run off heads straight towards
the Mavallipura village during Monsoon 4
Impacts on Health and Environment
• Organic domestic waste pose a serious threat to the society as they
ferment, creating conditions favorable to the survival of microbial
pathogens.

• Direct exposure to hazardous waste affects the human health, children

being more vulnerable to these pollutants.

• Co-disposal of industrial hazardous waste with municipal waste can

expose people to chemical hazards.

• Direct dumping of untreated waste in the rivers, lakes and sea affects the
food chain due to the extinction of certain species.

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Case of JAWAHAR NAGAR-Dumping Yard
■ Location: Jawahar Nagar is located in Shamirpet mandal , Rangareddy District ,
which is 30kms from the GHMC (The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation).
■ Area: 339 acres.
■ Year of Establishment : 2002
■ Estimated Life Span remaining : 15 years
■ Mode of operation : Public Private Partnership (GHMC & REEL Ramky Enviro.
Engineers Ltd)
■ Amount of waste Disposed daily: 3450 tonnes/day
■ Area occupied by waste at present : 182acres
■ No. of intermediate transfer stations: 3 – Imlibun , Yousufguda , Tank bund
■ Disposal Method: Scientific disposal – processing & disposal
■ Total workers: 490 ; medical precautions : Masks , Shoes , spectacles , safety jackets.
■ Treatment : Aerobic Decomposition of waste
■ Frequency : Daily
 ISSUES
• LOCATION: e.g. Dumping yard is at higher elevation from residential area

• WIND DIRECTION & PUBLIC HEALTH

• Direction of wind from land fill site is towards south west direction which is on the side
of residential area which is negative impact on public health, this direction of wind helps
harmful air pollutants released from site to easily move to wards settlement's which
creates major effects on public health
• Direction of wind in site area acts as driver which eases flow of pollutants towards
residential area
• Smoke and the dusty fog blows in the direction of the RGK .
• Soil pollution is making the area in to barren lands.
• Lakes surrounding the study area are highly polluted due to dump yard
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GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION
• In rainy season water & waste from dump yard flow towards settlements
• Ground water gets contaminated in surrounding area due to Leachate in dump yard

FIRES & EXPLOSIONS – AIR POLLUTION

• Fires and explosions occur at waste treatment facilities because of improper storage or handling of
materials
• Large amount of heat is generated in wasted dumped which results in sudden explosion and also
leading to air pollution in that area

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Risks associated with poor management of solid waste
Risk
Breeding ground for
disease carriers
Spread of disease by
animals and other vector,
and food
Spread of diseases by direct
contact
Air pollution
Contaminated water
Fire risk
Connection to other
services
Environmental pollution
Examples
Rats, flies, cockroaches, birds and other disease vectors breed in open dumps, waste storage
facilities, piles of rotten refuse, etc.
Above vectors transmit diseases and pathogenic bacteria from waste to household; consumption
of meat from animals eating infected waste
Neighbourhoods, waste workers are in direct contact with waste (in case of organised handling
there is a risk of an accident); people in production of recycled materials are also in direct contact
with infected materials (not or poorly disinfected)
Fine grained materials, pathogens, decomposition of waste, generating greenhouse gases and
other gases, dust and smoke from burning, etc. cause pollution at transfer stations, communal
bins, dumping sites.
Leachate and precipitation (may contain metals, organic pollutants, hazardous substance, etc.)
from waste piles and open or inadequately protected disposal sites contaminate surface and
ground water.
Piles of waste and gas generated by these present a fire risk
Blockage of drains and sewers increase workloads to those services
Overall environmental degradation due to contamination of air, water and soil via gaseous
emissions, particulate matter, ash, leachate, piles of unwanted materials, etc.