Historical

Foundation
of Philippine
Education
Aims: for survival and
conformity, for enculturation
BEFORE 1521 Methods: show and tell,
observation, trial and error,
PRE-SPANISH imitation
ERA Types: informal education,
Practical training, theoretical
training

Aims: to promote Christianity,

promotion of Spanish language,
imposition of Spanish culture
Methods: dictation, memorization, 1521 - 1896
moro-moro/cenaculo, theater

presentation SPANISH ERA

Types: formal education, religious
education, cathechism, doctrine,
vocational course
Aim: love of Country and God
Highlights: curricular reforms,
secularization of education,
greater attention to natural
science, the design of a
relevant curriculum,
1896 - 1899 improvement of higher centers

of learning, improvement of
PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION educational system,
disproportion focus on religion,
discourage the attempt of
Filipino students to speak in
Spanish, lack of pedagogical
skills, irrelevant courses in the
curriculum
Aims: to teach democracy,
separation of church and state
Methods: socialized recitation,
participation, debate,
game/playing
1898 - 1935
Types: formal education, first

public school, English language, AMERICAN

democracy PERIOD
Medium of Instruction: English
Role of Teacher: teach concepts,
develop the rational mind
(ex. debate , empirical evidences)
 Aims: develop moral character,
civic conscience, vocational
efficiency, preparation for
1935 - 1941 incoming independence

Methods: memorization, C.A.T,
PHILIPPINE
COMMONWEALTH recitation, socialized recitation
PERIOD Medium of Instruction: Filipino
language
Role of Teacher: promote
nationalism (values, moral
character, personal discipline)
Aims: eradicate old idea of
reliance on western nations, love
of labor, military training
Methods: stressed dignity of 1941 - 1944
manual labor, emphasis vocational

education
Types: Nihongo language,
JAPANESE
vocational training, health
PERIOD
education agriculture
Medium of Instruction: Nihongo
language

Aim: integrated, nationalistic,

and democracy-inspired
Highlights: inculcate moral
1944 - 1946 and spiritual values; develop an

enlighten, patriotic, useful and
WORLD WAR II
PERIOD upright citizenship;
conservation of the national
resources; perpetuation of our
desirable values; and promote
the science, arts and letters

1941 - 1944

PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
PERIOD
Aims: love of country, teaches duties of citizenship, develops
moral character, self-discipline science and technology and
vocational efficiency
Types: national development
Medium of Instruction: Filipino and English language
Highlights: February 27, 1945, Department of Instruction
(Executive Order No.94,1947)-
Department of Public Instruction
1972- Department of Education and Culture- P.D. No.1
1978-Mimistry of Education and Culture- P.D. No.1397
13 regional offices-organization, educational system- changes
1982-Educational Act of 1982
Ministry of Education Culture and Sports
Department of Education Culture and Sports- Pres. Aquino
1987-Executive Order No. 111
1994- DECS- embodied in EO NO.117
1995- Commission on Higher Education
Technical Educ. And Skills Development Authority
Tertiary degree program
Non-degree – technical & vocational program