THE TEACHING

PROFESSION
Presented by Cahaya Dewi
 Objectives
Reflect on the various foundatios of education

understand the context of these historical and legal foundations to

appreciate the current educational system.
 Historical
Foundation
 Global
• Ancient Period
• Medieval Period
• Renaissance Period
• Contemporary Period
 Ancient Period
• the acquisition of knowledge was frequently limited to the privileged
few
• Mathematics, literature, and philosophy
• educational ideas of ancient Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato,
and Aristotle, exerted a substantial influence, placing emphasis on
critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the quest for knowledge
 Middle/Medieval Period

• Education predominantly revolved around religious establishments

• Study of theology, the Latin language, and classical literary works.
• marked by the influence of Christianity
 Renaissance Period
• was characterized by a resurgence of intellectual curiosity and
appreciation for the traditional discipline of learning, arts, and science.
• The educational philosophy of humanism arose, placing emphasis on the
significance of individual potential, the cultivation of critical thinking
skills, and the inclusion of a diverse array of disciplines beyond the
realm of religious studies.
 Modern/Contemporary Period
• Has been a notable evolution in educational ideas, with a heighted
emphasis on the prioritization of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
• Multicultural education endeavors to integrate a wide range of education
strives to ensure equitable opportunities for all students, irrespective of
their unique backgrounds and varying skills
• The widespread adoption of technology in a current days.
 Local
• Pre-colonial Period
• Spanish Period
• American Period
• Post-colonial Period
 Pre-colonial Period
• The type of education is informal and unstructured
• Its main objective was to facilitate the intergenerational transfer of
cultural values, skills, and information.
• Pre-colonial Filipino education was decentralized, community-based,
and focused on practical skills and values.
• Home served as school
• Parents and tribal leaders served as teachers
• More vocational training THAN academics
Here are some key aspects of pre-colonial education
in the Philippines:
Oral Tradition
• Knowledge, history, customs, and tradition were passed down from one generation

1. to the next through storytelling, songs, chants,

• Elders and community leaders played a significant role in imparting knowledge.

Alphabet and Writing

2.
• Did not have formal system of writing
• The most well-known scripts before was Baybayin, which was used for
inscription and records.
Here are some key aspects of pre-colonial education
in the Philippines:
Tutoring and Apprenticeship

3.
• Education was often one-on-one or in small groups. Young individuals
learned practical skills, such as farming, fishing, weaving, and
craftsmanship.

Indigenous System

4. • Different ethnic groups in the Philippines had their own unique

educational practices
Here are some key aspects of pre-colonial education
in the Philippines:
Values and Morality
• Education emphasized values, ethics, and social norms.

5. • Elders and community leaders played a significant role in teaching young people
about their culture’s moral, ethical codes, and social responsibilities.

Role of Shaman and Spiritual Leaders

• They taught not only about religious beliefs and rituals but also about
6. healing, herbal medicine, and the natural world.
• Babaylan at katalonan
Here are some key aspects of pre-colonial education
in the Philippines:
Rites of Passage
• Various rites of passage were important in pre-colonial education

7. • Ceremonies marked the transition from childhood to adulthood and often include
the imparting of specific knowledge and responsibilities.

Role of Women

8. • They were often responsible for teaching traditional skills like weaving,
pottery, and child-rearing
Here are some key aspects of pre-colonial education
in the Philippines:

Community Involvement
• Education was communal effort. The entire community participated in the

9. education of the young, ensuring that important knowledge and skills were
preserved and passed down.
 Spanish Period
• The educational foundations of the Philippines were significantly influenced by the Spanish
colonial period.
• The formal education system implemented by the Spanish colonial rules was predominantly
shaped by religion and European customs.
• The medium instruction was primarily Spanish
• The curriculum of Spanish colonial education was heavily influenced by European models.
• Indigenous languages were not part of the curriculum, and indigenous knowledge and cultural
practices were largely disregarded.
Here are some key aspects of education during the Spanish
colonial period in the Philippines:
Religious Influence

1.
• Brought Roman Catholicism to the Philippines
• Catholic church played a central role in education, and religious orders

Educational Institutions
• The Spanish established various educational institution during this period.

2. • These establishment offered further education and imparted instruction to

individuals pursuing a career in religious leadership.
Here are some key aspects of education during the Spanish
colonial period in the Philippines:

Medium of Instruction

3. • Filipinos were taught in the Spanish language, which was used for
religious, legal and administrative purposes

Curriculum
• Was heavily influenced by Catholicism.
4. • Religious education and catechism were prominent part of the
curriculum. Its focused was Christian doctrines
Here are some key aspects of education during the Spanish
colonial period in the Philippines:

Limited Access
5. • Education was primarily for the elite and clergy

Suppression of Indigenous Knowledge

• Indigenous languages and cultures were often suppressed in favor of Spanish

6. language and culture.

• This had a significant impact on the preservation of indigenous knowledge and
traditions
Here are some key aspects of education during the Spanish
colonial period in the Philippines:

Rote Memorization
7. • Students were expected to memorize and recite religious
context and doctrines.

Control and Censorship

8. • The Spanish authorities exercised strict control over
education.
Here are some key aspects of education during the Spanish
colonial period in the Philippines:
Role of Filipinos
• While access to formal education was limited to Filipinos, some individuals

9. managed to received higher education in Spain played crucial roles in

advocating for reforms and independence.

Legacy
10. • The introduction of formal education, written
language, and a centralized system
 American Period
• During this era, the United States introduced significant alteration and reforms that played a
crucial influence in developing the core elements of education in the Philippines.
• Thomasites- arrive in the Philippines to establish a new public school system to teach basic
education, and to train Filipino teachers, with English as the medium of instruction
• Prioritized academic disciplines, including English, mathematics, science and social studies.
• Also, a notable emphasis on vocational and technical education
Here are some key aspects of education during the American
colonial period in the Philippines:

Public Education System

1.
• The "elementary" level consisted of four primary years and 3 intermediate
years. The "secondary" or high school level consisted of four years; and the
third was the "college" or tertiary level.

Thomasites
2. • arrived in the Philippines on august 23, 1901
• the first teachers of the Filipinos.
Here are some key aspects of education during the American
colonial period in the Philippines:

3. English as a Medium of Instruction

4. Curriculum Reforms
Here are some key aspects of education during the American
colonial period in the Philippines:

5. Teacher Training

Public School System

6. • Provide free primary education
Here are some key aspects of education during the American
colonial period in the Philippines:

7. Secularization of Education

Mass Literacy Campaigns

8. • To promote reading and writing among the Filipino
population.
Here are some key aspects of education during the American
colonial period in the Philippines:

Civic Education

9.
• was emphasized to instill American values of democracy and
citizenship. Filipino students were taught about democratic
principles and the U.S. Constitution.

10. Access to Education for Women

Here are some key aspects of education during the
American colonial period in the Philippines:

Legacy
•
11.
Widespread use of English
• A more accessible education system
• An emphasis on practical skills
 Post-colonial Period
• Commenced in 1946 with the nation’s attainment of independence from
the United States.
• The curriculum was revised to be more relevant to the needs of the
country.
• had a significant impact on Philippine society and laid the
foundation for future developments in education.
• Subject were added to address practical skills, vocational training, and
technical education
Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

1. Educational Reforms

2. Language Policy
Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

3. Nationalization of Education

4. Expansion of the Education System

Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

5. Curricular Changes

6. Higher Education
Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

7. Technical and Vocational Education

8. Teacher Training
Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

9. Challenges and Issues

10. Globalization
Here are some key aspects of education during the Post-
colonial period in the Philippines:

11. Revision in the Curriculum

10. Private Education