SEPTEMBER 2022

Electric Vehicle
Infrastructure:
Are We Ready?
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Number 09, SEPTEMBER 2022

MAJLIS BAGI SESI 2022/2023 (IEM COUNCIL SESSION 2022/2023)

YANG DIPERTUA / PRESIDENT
Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida bt Buniyamin
TIMBALAN YANG DIPERTUA / DEPUTY PRESIDENT
Ir. Prof. Dr Jeffrey Chiang Choong Luin
IEM Registered on 1 May 1959

Contents
NAIB YANG DIPERTUA / VICE PRESIDENTS
Ir. Yau Chau Fong, Ir. Mohd Aman bin Hj. Idris, Y. Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Ahmad Murad bin Omar,
Ir. Chen Harn Shean, Ir. Mohd Khir bin Muhammad, Ir. Prof. Dr Tan Chee Fai,
Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob Cover Note 05
SETIAUSAHA KEHORMAT / HONORARY SECRETARY
Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria & Editor’s Note
BENDAHARI KEHORMAT / HONORARY TREASURER
Ir. Dr Lee Yun Fook
BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA TERAKHIR / IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT
Ir. Ong Ching Loon 06 - 12
BEKAS YANG DIPERTUA / PAST PRESIDENTS
Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Dr Gue See Sew, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Paduka Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Cover Story
Y.Bhg. Academician Tan Sri Dato’ Ir. Prof. Dr Chuah Hean Teik, Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Lim Chow Hock,
Ir. Dr Tan Yean Chin, Ir. David Lai Kong Phooi Electric Vehicles: Views from Malaysian Green
WAKIL AWAM / CIVIL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Yap Soon Hoe
Technology & Climate Change Corporation
WAKIL MEKANIKAL / MECHANICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Dr Aidil bin Chee Tahir
WAKIL ELEKTRIK / ELECTRICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Francis Xavier Jacob 16 - 29
WAKIL STRUKTUR / STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Gunasagaran Kristnan
Features
WAKIL KIMIA / CHEMICAL REPRESENTATIVE Electric Vehicles: The Road to Cleaner Air
Ir. Dr Chong Chien Hwa
WAKIL LAIN-LAIN DISPLIN / REPRESENTATIVE TO OTHER DISCIPLINES
Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Wong Yew Hoong
WAKIL MULTIMEDIA DAN ICT / ICT AND MULTIMEDIA REPRESENTATIVE Synergising Together to Achieve Sustainable
Ir. Jeewa Vengadasalam Development Goals
WAKIL JURUTERA WANITA / WOMEN ENGINEERS REPRESENTATIVE
Ir. Noorfaizah bt Hamzah
WAKIL BAHAGIAN JURUTERA SISWAZAH / YOUNG ENGINEERS SECTION
REPRESENTATIVES
Mr. Kuugan Thangarajoo, Mr. Lim Yiren, Mr. Muhammad Ashiq Marecan bin Hamid Marecan, 32 - 36
Mr. Naveen Kumar a/l Apparao, Ms. Anis Akilah bt Ameer Ali
AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS
Forums
Ir. Dr Chan Swee Huat, Ir. Ellias bin Saidin, Ir. Mohd Radzi bin Salleh, Dato’ Ir. Hj Anuar bin ISO13485:2016 - Insights into the Role of an Engineer
Yahya, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Sundraraj A. Krishnasamy, Ir. Dr Siti Hawa bt. Hamzah, Ir. Assoc.
Prof. Lee Tin Sin, Ir. Mah Way Sheng, Ir. Sreedaran Raman, Ir. Lee Cheng Pay, Ir. Dr Kannan a/l
M. Munisamy, Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim, Ir. Wong Chee Fui, Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai, Ir. Tiong Ngo Pu,
Ir. Rusnida binti Talib, Ir. Prof. Dr Lau Hieng Ho, Ir. Muhammad Azmi bin Ayub, Ir. Fam Yew Hin, Issues & Challenges on the Ground Impacting
Ir. Razmahwata bin Mohd Razalli, Ir. Simon Yeong Chin Chow, Ir. Dr Chan Seong Phun,
Ir. Yam Teong Sian, Ir. Kwok Yew Hoe, Ir. Dr Lee Choo Yong Agile-Hybrid Project Success
AHLI MAJLIS / COUNCIL MEMBERS BY INVITATION
Ir. Lai Sze Ching, YBhg. Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr Mohd Hamdi bin Abd Shukor,
YBhg. Dato’ Ir. Nor Hisham bin Mohd Ghazali
PENGERUSI CAWANGAN / BRANCH CHAIRMAN
1. Pulau Pinang: Ir. Bernard Lim Kee Weng 38 - 39
2. Selatan: Ir. Thayala Rajah s/o Selvaduray
3. Perak: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Sri Ir. Liew Mun Hon
Reflections Column
4. Kedah-Perlis: Ir. Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul bin Ishak
5. Negeri Sembilan: Ir. Chong Chee Yen Understanding the Importance of Professional Code of
6. Kelantan: Ir. Nik Ab. Hadi bin Hassan Ethics in Engineering Profession - the Minamata Case
7. Terengganu: YBhg. Dato’ Ir. Wan Nazari bin Wan Jusoh
8. Melaka: Ir. Ong Yee Pinn
9. Sarawak: Y.Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Janang Anak Bongsu
10. Sabah: Ir. Willie Chin Tet Fu
11. Miri: Ir. Chong Boon Hui
12. Pahang: Ir. Ab Rahman bin Hashim 41
AHLI JAWATANKUASA INFORMASI DAN PENERBITAN/
News from Branch
STANDING COMMITTEE ON INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS 2022/2023 IEMNS Award & Appreciation Dinner
Pengerusi/Chairman: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob
Naib Pengerusi/Vice Chairman: Ir. Wong Chee Fui
Setiausaha/Secretary: Ir. Dr Hum Yan Chai
Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob
Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principal Bulletin Editor: Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim
Pengarang Prinsipal Jurnal/Principal Journal Editor: Ir. Prof. Dr Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Samad 43
Pengerusi Perpustakaan/Library Chairman: Ir. Dr Kannan a/l M.Munisamy
Ahli-Ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn, Ir. Dr Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy,
Pink Page
Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Ir. Yee Thien Seng, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman,
Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Dr Lee Tin Sin, Ir. Yap Soon Hoe, Mr. Alex Looi Tink Huey, Dr Mohamad
Shakri bin Mohmad Shariff, Ir. Mohd Razmi Ziqri bin Ahmad Shukri, Ir. Dr Siti Hawa Hamzah,
Ir. Lee Chang Quan, Ms. Michelle Lau Chui Chui, Ir. Jeewa S/O Vengadasalam, Ir. Rusnida binti
Talib, Ir. Dr Lee Choo Yong, Ir. Ts. Dr Tan Kim Seah, Mr. Muhd Ashiq Marecan bin Hamid Marecan

LEMBAGA PENGARANG/EDITORIAL BOARD 2022/2023

Ketua Pengarang/Chief Editor: Ir. Abdul Razak bin Yakob
Pengarang Prinsipal Buletin/ Principal Bulletin Editor: Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim
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Ahli-ahli/Committee Members: Ir. Lau Tai Onn, Ir. Ong Guan Hock, Ir. Yee Thien Seng,
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Dr Sudharshan N. Raman, Ir. Dr Lai Khin Wee, Ir. Dr Teo Fang Yenn
Secretariat: Janet Lim, May Lee
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COVER
NOTE
Getting Ready for the
Big Leap to EV
O
n 27 September 2021, the Prime
Minister announced that Malaysia aims
by Ir. Kwok Yew Hoe to achieve carbon neutrality as early
as 2050. Resonating with this, the Worldwide
Deputy Chairman, Electrical
Engineering Technical Division Fund For Nature (WWF) Malaysia and Boston
Consulting Group (BCG) jointly issued a report
in November 2021, titled Securing Our Future:
Net Zero Pathways for Malaysia, which put forward that Net Zero by 2050 was
not only technically feasible but also socioeconomically positive.
Data from Suruhanjaya Tenaga National Energy Balance Reports (2010-
2018) showed that transportation constituted the largest share of Final Energy
Demand, culminating in almost a quarter of the total. Hence, a rollout of policies
to encourage the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is welcomed. The anticipated
proliferation of EVs will require supporting infrastructure, including fast-charging
stations and electrical supply capacity to grow in tandem. When combustion
engine vehicles are replaced with EVs, demand for electricity will definitely
increase!
While the EV in Malaysia is still in the early stages, it has unlimited potential.
Greater awareness and public acceptance of EVs is a step in the right direction
towards achieving Net Zero by 2050. Policy-makers, engineers and engineering
companies have a big role to play in designing and developing the ecosystem
to support this change in the race towards Net Zero.
EDITOR’S
NOTE
EV-Olving Needs for EV
T
he EV (Electric Vehicle), pronounced
the same as Eevee the Pokémon, has
been around since the 1830s. The surge
in global demand for EVs in the past decade has
by Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim
been driven largely by our growing concerns Principal Bulletin Editor
for the environmental impact of ICE (Internal
Combustion Engine) powered vehicles. Or has it?
Zooming in on the scenario here in Malaysia,
the demand for EVs seems to be lagging behind the global trend. Why is this
so? In this September issue of JURUTERA, the Electrical Engineering Technical
Division (EETD) committee finds out more about the latest developments in
the EV world and in Malaysia from the Malaysian Green Technology & Climate
Change Cooperation (MGTC). A few articles on activities organised recently by
EETD have also been included for your reading pleasure. So let’s flip the pages
and start reading!
On a parting note, I would
like to wish all Malaysians,
Selamat Hari Malaysia!
Happy
Malaysia Day
16th September
 6 SEPTEMBER 2022
Electric
Vehicles:
Views from
Malaysian Green
Technology & Climate
Change Corporation
A
re we ready for a future in
which we will be driving
around in electric vehicles
(EVs)? Just a decade ago, there were
no EVs commercially in Malaysia.
But with more than 10 million electric
vehicles already in use around the
world, Malaysia is likely to follow the
trend too. However, before we switch
to electric vehicles in a big way,
adequate infrastructure must be put
in place first. Governments all over
the world have been encouraging
the move by amending policies and
JURUTERA
providing incentives for EVs.
Members of EETD talked to Encik
Huzaimi Nor Omar, Senior Director
of Technology Solutions, Malaysian
Green Technology & Climate Change
Corporation (MGTC) on the outlook
for EVs in Malaysia. MGTC, with an
expanded portfolio on promoting
green technology, was the pioneer in
encouraging the implementation of
EV infrastructure in the country. An
agency of the Ministry of Environment
& Water, MGTC is mandated to drive
the country in the scope of green
•
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
growth, climate change mitigation
and green lifestyle. The role of MGTC
as a catalyst for green economic
growth, is regulated by 3 national
policies, particularly the National
Green Technology Policy (NGTP),
the National Climate Change Policy
(NCCP) and the Green Technology
Master Plan (GTMP).
In the online interview, Encik
Huzaimi shared MGTC’s initiaves
and programmes as well as his own
knowledge and experience on the
subject.
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 7

Encik Huzaimi Nor Omar

Specialises in EVs and EV charging
infrastructure. After he graduated
from Vanderbilt University, he
worked as a Mechanical Engineer
in a Japanese electronic company
before moving to the automotive
industry. He was with Proton
for 10 years and spent 3 years
in Hethel, United Kingdom, on a
special assignment/secondment
programme as part of a supercar
project. He had been involved
in EVs since 2010 with a newly-
formed team in Proton. Encik
Huzaimi continued with the EV
industry in Tan Chong Group.
He is now the Senior Director of
Technology Solutions, Malaysian
Green Technology & Climate
Change Corporation (MGTC).
 8 SEPTEMBER 2022
Q What are the notable
developments in the EV
industry? Has Malaysia kept pace
with the global EV industry?
Globally, the EV market is growing.
The total industry volume (TIV) for
EVs doubled in 2021 as compared to
2020. This is a significant growth. In
the market, we can see more battery
electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in
hybrid models being introduced by
international car manufacturers.
Today, BEV has a higher market
share than the plug-in hybrid model.
This is what we want to achieve in the
Malaysian market as well. Currently, BEV
has about 65% of the market share.
The driving range of BEVs has
always been a practicality issue but
this has improved significantly and the
average driving range has increased to
350km from 150km. In fact, there are
more BEV models with a driving range
of more than 350km than before.
There are also significantly more
affordable BEV models entering
the market. Without technological
advancement, it would not be
possible for BEVs to improve in terms
of driving range and affordability.
There is also notable development
in how countries are looking at the
EV market. The European Union, for
example, has pledged to discontinue
the sales of internal combustion
engine vehicles which are powered
by fossil fuel, by 2035. UK, Japan and
Korea are also joining the fray.
Q How has the EV industry
fared in South East Asia and
where is Malaysia in comparison?
Besides Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand
and Singapore are also making
good progress. Singapore is very
JURUTERA
aggressively expanding the EV
industry and is considering to ban
new diesel-powered passenger
vehicles and taxis by 2025. It also plans
to install up to 60,000 EV charging
points throughout the republic. As
of now, 1,800 charging points have
already been installed.
Thailand wants to become a
manufacturing hub for EVs and
has been very successful in getting
more BEV models by international
manufacturers to be launched and
marketed there.
Indonesia is also quite aggressive
in expanding its EV industry and
has policies to push EV uptake
through manufacturing components,
especially EV batteries. As Indonesia
has resources for materials associated
with battery production, it is blocking
the export of such materials so as to
allow these materials to be produced
or processed in the country only. On
the consumer side, its focus is more
on sales of electric motorcycles.
We have to acknowledge that the
Indonesian market is definitely much
larger than ours.
In Malaysia, recent efforts include
looking at getting manufacturers
from China to launch and market
more affordable BEVs here. However,
Indonesia is ahead of us as China
has already started marketing more
affordable BEVs there as Indonesia
is seen to have a bigger market for
entry-level and affordable BEVs.
Malaysia is trying to hold its
ground as we have an advantage in
the affordability level. Besides that,
we have good highway connections
between towns and cities and this
makes the implementation of EV
infrastructure so much easier.
Q What are the drawbacks of
EVs in comparison to fossil
fuel vehicles?
There used to be several major
drawbacks and gaps in EVs when
compared to fossil fuel vehicles.
However, in recent years these had
significantly reduced as EVs evolved.
The EV driving range was a main
drawback but this had improved
tremendously. Range anxiety is lesser
•
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
of the main concern. In addition,
more and more EV charging points
have been installed throughout the
country to further reduce the gap.
Currently, the biggest drawback is
when consumers compare long-term
total ownership cost between EVs and
fossil fuel vehicles. Since fossil fuel is
heavily subsidised by the government,
consumers may still prefer fossil
fuel vehicles as these seem more
economical in the long run.
Q What is the environmental
impact of using EVs over
conventional vehicles?
EVs contribute positively to the
environment. With no tailpipe
emission, EVs help reduce illnesses
associated with emissions from
conventional vehicles as well as
reduce noise pollution.
When it comes to electricity
usage, EVs have always been tied to
the environmental impact related to
the supply of electricity on the grid. To
further reduce emissions from power
generation, Malaysia is looking at EV
charging infrastructure powered by
renewable energy sources. There are
already EV charging points along the
PLUS highway that integrate solar PV
into the EV charging infrastructure.
Q What role does MGTC
play in EV infrastructure
development?
MGTC was the pioneer in Malaysia
for EV infrastructure development
on a serious scale and aggressive
manner. From the start, MGTC put in
great effort to address the immediate
gaps relating to the deployment of
charging infrastructure. The biggest
obstacle was acceptance. At the
start, only a small group wanted EV
charging points and it was very hard
to convince private or government
entities to adopt EV charging points
even though MGTC was working with
an Akaun Amanah Industri Bekalan
Elektrik AAIBE fund of RM5 million to
roll out 200 chargers. However, the
acceptance level has now increased
and more private/government entities
are now supporting the deployment of
EV charging points on their premises.
 10 SEPTEMBER 2022
Another gap was
convenience and
confidence as users
found it difficult to easily
locate public charging
infrastructure outside of
their homes. So MGTC
introduced an app for
locating EV charging
points. EV users find this
very convenient and
this has increased their
confidence.
MGTC is involved in technical
matters such as the safety requirements
of EV charging infrastructure. Back
then, MGTC produced a guideline
on EV charging points deployment
based on requirements set by IET
as reference. We developed training
modules and provided training for the
deployment of EV charging points. We
are also involved in developing the
National Competency Standard for EV
charging points.
To address the technological
perspective of EV charging
infrastructure, MGTC implemented
demo projects such as the first fast
charging station in Malaysia at Ayer
Keroh. It also implemented a charging
infrastructure with an energy storage
system and integrated solar PV which
created a minimal grid dependence
charging infrastructure.
MGTC is still carrying the role of
promoting new technology related
to EV charging infrastructure. It
is now working on a project with
UNIDO GEF7 funds to implement
more demo projects such as smart
charging, vehicle-to-everything (V2X)
communication, wireless charging
and battery swapping.
Last but not least, MGTC has
also been instrumental in EVs and
EV charging infrastructure policy
recommendations in Malaysia.
Q How was the charging
infrastructure guideline
developed?
MGTC developed a guideline for EV
charging infrastructure together
with technical experts from Universiti
Malaya Power Energy Dedicated
Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC).
JURUTERA
UMPEDAC did several
engagements with respective parties
and upon completion, the guideline
was presented to Suruhanjaya Tenaga
(ST) for approval. The guideline
also included licensing schemes for
operators of EV charging points.
Q How can we have robust EV
infrastructure? What are the
standards that we can refer to?
For a robust EV charging infrastructure,
we need to look at a few things such as
the user’s need for charging points, the
safety aspects of the charging points
and the compatibility of the charging
points with EVs sold in Malaysia.
MGTC’s prime effort in looking at
the user’s need for charging points
is in the completeness or availability
of the network of EV charging
infrastructure. This covers home and
office chargers, en-route chargers and
destination chargers.
To have more en-route chargers,
MGTC is in talks with Lembaga
Lebuhraya Malaysia to install charging
points along the highways. For more
destination chargers, MGTC has been
promoting and providing guidelines
to interested parties for deployment
in public places. Surprisingly, more
private entities have started installing
destination chargers.
To guarantee the safety of EV
charging points, MGTC looked into
establishing a guideline to ensure
that the weather resistance of the
charging points was in accordance
with what was fit for Malaysia. It finally
settled on a minimum hardware
weather resistance rating of IP54. So
all EV charging points have to be the
same or better than IP54.
•
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
MGTC is also
establishing a guideline
to ensure charging
infrastructure follows the
standard that is being
developed by the technical
committee in Malaysia. The
standard was adopted from
IEC 61851 and IEC62196
standards, which had gone
through public comments.
Moving forward, MGTC is
working towards making
the standard mandatory so that
there will be tighter control over EV
charging infrastructure.
To achieve compatibility with most
EVs in Malaysia, MGTC recommends
using Open Charge Point Protocol
(OCPP). At the moment, most
charging points installed are already
complying with OCPP.
On the other hand, to physically
achieve compatibility, or in other
words, make sure the charger socket
or nozzle on the EV charging points is
compatible with most EVs in Malaysia,
MGTC is also working on harmonising
the standards to follow the Type 2
(CCS 2) AC and DC charging. It also
does risk assessments for flood and
potential water leakage around
the areas of EV charging points
deployment.
Then there is the matter of
user safety such as making sure EV
charging points are not placed in
secluded areas; it is preferable to
install EV charging points in highly
visible areas for better accessibility
and to reduce the likelihood of
vandalism.
Finally, EV charging points need
to be connected to the network,
so MGTC is making sure network
coverage is available at all charging
points.
Q Is there a roadmap for EV
infrastructure development
in Malaysia?
Malaysia introduced a Low Carbon
Mobility Blueprint in 2021 which laid
out the national target of having
10,000 public EV charging points by
2025, with a minimum of 10% DC or
super-fast charger.
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
An EV task force that includes MITI
and other stakeholders, is coming
out with a strategic paper on how to
chart the path and to look into details
towards achieving the national
target. The task force also agreed on
a national ratio between EV charging
points to EVs on the road to be
between 1:8 or 1:10.
The task force has also
recommended for the distribution
of national EV charging points to
be based on access and demand.
The target is to have 20-30% access-
based EV charging points and 70-80%
demand-based EV charging points.
An access-based charging point
is a location where lesser attraction
to install an EV charging point
occurs due to the probability of
low usage and low traffic but there
has to be one to accommodate, for
instance, EV users who are driving
long distances. Commercially, such
charging points are usually not
highly feasible. So, the task force and
the government has to really look at
how we can achieve the distribution
and manage the EV charging points
deployment.
On the other hand, as a demand-
based EV charging point has a far
higher likelihood of usage, it will
be commercially feasible. Demand-
based charging points are usually
corporate-driven initiatives. Today,
we can see many players have started
to get into this space to fulfill the
demand-based segment.
As part of the roadmap, the
task force has also been looking
at regulating the standard and
guidelines for EV charging
infrastructure deployment and
charging point operator (CPO)
licensing. As of now, anyone can
install and operate a charging station
but I think ST will be releasing a
licensing requirement in the next 2-3
months to regulate EV charging point
deployment.
The task force is also looking at
refining incentives for EV charging
infrastructure deployment. However,
due to the lack of government
funds, efforts that involve financial
incentives will be a big challenge.
• JURUTERA
Alternatively, the task force is looking
at strengthening the current green
investment tax allowance and
pioneer status as well as exemption
from import duty for EVs and EV
charging infrastructure investment
by private entities.
With all these efforts in place,
Malaysia now has approximately
600 public EV charging points and
the number is increasing. While
previously only chargeEV and MGTC
have been pushing for this, more
entities such as Petronas, Smart
Selangor and even independent
providers are now willing to invest in
EV charging infrastructure. The task
for MGTC is to try to maintain this
uptrend in interest shown.
The bottleneck at present is the
supply of EVs. Globally, there is a huge
shortage with a long waiting list.
When MGTC invites manufacturers to
market their vehicles in Malaysia, the
manufacturers want to do feasibility
studies, comparing us with Thailand
or Indonesia which have bigger
market sizes of up to 1 million TIV.
Tesla, for example, is more aggressive
in talks with Indonesia due to the
market size and potential.
Q How has the pace of
development been in
Malaysia?
To date, Malaysia has only 600 charging
points as compared to the target of
10,000 charging points. Even though
Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam, Ir. Amir Hussein and Ir. Dr Siow Chun Lim
from EETD with Encik Huzaimi Nor Omar
SEPTEMBER 2022 11
MGTC started its efforts in 2015, the
deployment rate was stagnant and the
pace was slow. This was because while
MGTC was pushing for the deployment
of charging points, the issue of
availability of EVs was not aggressively
addressed accordingly.
It was only in late 2021, after
the Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint
was approved, that charging points
deployment picked up the pace.
Malaysia also got a boost recently
in the EV race with the Budget
announcement of tax exemptions
for EVs. With this incentive,
manufacturers such as Hyundai,
Mazda, KIA and Great Wall Motors
have announced that they will start
introducing their respective EVs into
the Malaysian market in next quarter
2022 which will resolve the availability
issue. MGTC also notices that all the
premium vehicle brands in Malaysia
have also started to introduce EVs.
However, MGTC has yet to
see the actual outcome of these
announcements as despite having
more EV models being launched in
Malaysia, the waiting time is still very
long due to the shortage in supply. It
is hoped that once these issues are
resolved, we will see faster pick-up in
these areas.
Besides EVs and EV charging
infrastructure, MGTC is also looking
at the Malaysian regulation for
vehicles with tailpipe emissions. In
previous years, new vehicles with
 12 SEPTEMBER 2022
any amount of tailpipe emission may
be imported and sold here. MGTC,
however, wants carbon emission to
be recognised as part of the pollutant
to be considered in vehicle type
approval. MGTC is currently working
on this and hopefully, we should see
the regulation being amended by the
end of 2022 under Act 127.
Next, MGTC will also be looking
at formulating a corporate average
fuel efficiency mechanism and
carbon emission vehicular scheme
mechanism together with Malaysia
Automotive, Robotics and IoT
Institute (MARii) under the Ministry
of International Trade & Industry
Malaysia (MITI). This is to emphasise
the importance of recognising carbon
emission in Malaysia and, in the end,
the efforts to reduce them.
Q What role can engineers
play in EV infrastructure
development?
There are lots of roles that
engineers can play. Right now,
Malaysia is in the adoption phase.
Electrical, mechanical, software and
JURUTERA
communication as well as network
engineering are very relevant.
To date, Malaysia is not very
concerned with AC charging
deployment except when it is
clustered together. However,
more thought and requirements
are needed for DC fast charging
deployment. For example, one cluster
of Tesla DC fast charging points uses
one common rectifier with multiple
dispensers. This single rectifier can
take up to 500-600A which is not
yet a concern for the standard TNB
supply infrastructure. However, the
existing infrastructure may not be
able to supply multiple clusters of DC
fast charging deployment. So a better
engineering solution will be required.
Energy storage system is also an
area to be looked at as a solution to
reduce maximum demand from the
EV charging points.
Engineers should focus on
high-value areas such as software
control, better efficiency solutions,
cost-effective solutions and energy
storage solutions to reduce the
requirement of upgrading the
power station.
Q Is there any incentive for
local entrepreneurs to
partake in the provision of EV
infrastructure?
As yet, there is no specific incentive
related to EV charging infrastructure
for local entrepreneurs. This is also
another area that has to be looked
at more thoroughly, especially where
financial support is concerned.
However, there are generic funds
•
COVER STORY
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
under TERAJU (a strategic unit under
the Prime Minister’s Department) and
the Ministry of Science, Technology
& Innovation (MOSTI). NanoMalaysia
and MIMOS also have programmes
on the development of technology
related to EVs.
Will EVs become a threat
Q to fossil fuel vehicles and
what will their impact be on the
petroleum industry?
It is inevitable that EVs will be a threat
to fossil fuel vehicles, especially in
Europe and UK which have already
declared that they will be phasing
out the latter. Other countries such as
China are also setting a high target.
However, in Malaysia, we are not
going to be that aggressive as we are
only targeting 10-15% TIV to be EVs
by 2030.
Even though the shift from fossil
fuel-based energy to electricity-
based energy is inevitable, that
does not mean it will only have a
negative impact on O&G producing
countries. Countries like Norway are
using the funds from O&G to build
their EV industry. Petronas has also
noticed the shift and is joining the
bandwagon to capitalise on the
energy requirement shift with the
establishment of GENTARI. Petronas
and Shell petrol stations are deploying
EV charging points.
The bigger threat is more on
efficiency improvements and
when we put the emission base
regulation by trying to control the
level of emission and improving fuel
consumption.
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JURUTERA •
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA

Electric Vehicles:
The Road to Cleaner Air
Written and Prepared by:

Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam Ir. Francis Xavier Jacob

Freelance Healthcare & Biomedical Engineering
Consultant, Trainer and Auditor with Armamentarium
Consulting, Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam is the Honorary
Secretary of the Electrical Engineering Technical
Division and Advisor to the Healthcare and Biomedical
Engineering Working Group.
Served as the Chairman and Advisor of the Electrical
Engineering Technical Division and is a Council
member of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia.
He is the current Chairman of the Energy Workgroup
of the ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations
(AFEO). He had served as a Senior Analyst and
previously the Director of Energy Management and
Industrial Development for the Energy Commission,
Malaysia. He is a Registered Electrical Energy Manager
and member of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia.

This article traces the development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry. It touches on the common types
of EVs in the market, such as hybrid EVs (HEVs), plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs), battery EVs (BEVs) and how the
EV can help save the environment and nature by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It also elaborates on the
benefits of EV over internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and the challenges hampering the switch from ICE
to EV. To conclude, it touches on EV developments around the world and in Malaysia, including the obstacles
surrounding its adoption in a sustainable manner.
EVs in this article refer to 2-, 3- and 4- wheelers as well as heavy-duty vehicles, unless otherwise stated.

A
n electric vehicle is a mode of transport powered
by electricity. Unlike conventional vehicles which
use gasoline (i.e. petrol) or diesel-powered
engines, electric cars and trucks use an electric motor
powered by batteries or a fuel cell.
Contrary to popular belief, EV is not an invention of
modern times [1]. It is difficult to pinpoint who built the first
EV as it has been credited to several inventors as far back
as the 1820s. In 1828, Hungarian Ányos Jedlik invented
a small-scale model car powered by an electric motor.
At around the same time, Scotsman Robert Anderson,
invented a crude electricity powered carriage. In 1835, two
small-scale electric cars were designed by Prof. Sibrandus
Stratingh of Groningen, Holland, and Thomas Davenport, a
blacksmith from Vermont, USA, respectively.
While these inventions were not much different from
electrified horseless carriages, it would be worthwhile to
note that it was their pioneering work that piqued the
interest of a plethora of inventors over the decades and
paved way for the modern-day EV.

How Does an EV Work?

Figure 1: An EV built by an English inventor in 1884
Source: US Department of Energy 1
There are three main types of EVs [2]. HEVs and PHEVs
are powered by both petrol and electricity. While HEVs
generate energy through the vehicle’s own brake system
to recharge the battery and PHEVs recharge via an external
source of electricity, both are equipped with ICEs to enable
them to function on petrol. When powered by ICE, they
emit tailpipe emissions which pollute the environment.
The third type, the BEV, runs fully on electricity. BEV
uses a traction lithium-ion battery pack to power
the motor and requires recharging by plugging-in to a
charging station or wall power outlet. As BEVs do not have
ICE, they do not emit any tailpipe fumes. The only emission
associated with BEV is from the source of power used to
generate the electricity to charge the batteries.
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 17

Figure 2: Types of EVs

Source: U.S. Department of Energy [2]

Benefits of EVs
EVs are environmentally friendly alternatives to petrol or diesel cars as they
generate little air pollution. Electrifying transport reduces air pollution, oil
import dependency and allay climate change. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
surfaced the role of EVs in reducing oil demand to the fore; it was one of the
key measures proposed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to cut oil
use in the near term [3].

GHG: Greenhouse gas

Figure 3: Vehicle emissions: Tailpipe vs Upstream

Source: Energy Education, University of Calgary [4]

Conventional ICE vehicles

produce direct emissions
through the tailpipe as well
as through evaporation
from the fuel system and
during the fuelling process.
In contrast, the BEV produces
zero exhaust emission.
Emissions associated with
BEV are from the power
plants generating electricity
Figure 4: U.S. average annual emissions per vehicle to charge the batteries and
Source: U.S. Department of Energy [5] are referred to as upstream
emissions. Emissions can be
further reduced if a renewable energy source such as a fuel cell is used.
Though HEVs and PHEVs produce zero tailpipe emissions when in an all-
enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
electric mode, they still produce evaporative emissions. But when on ICE,
HEVs and PHEVs produce tailpipe emissions that are generally lower than
that from conventional vehicles [4].
According to the US Department of Energy, BEV is, by far, the most
efficient of all EVs in terms of emissions, emitting 66% less CO2 per gallon of
gasoline in contrast to vehicles which are powered solely by ICE [5].
 18 SEPTEMBER 2022
EV is also cheaper to maintain as it has fewer moving
parts than a conventional fossil fuel powered car [6]. For
instance, the absence of exhaust systems, starter motors,
fuel injection mechanisms and radiators in BEV results in
lesser need for vehicle servicing. Noise pollution is also
significantly reduced as BEVs and their hybrid counterparts
are nearly silent when in electric mode. In addition, recent
research shows that EVs have a lower centre of gravity
which makes them less likely to roll over in the event of a
vehicle mishap.
Challenges to Adopting EVs
The initial capital outlay to purchase an EV is higher
than buying petrol/diesel-powered vehicles. Battery
technology is expensive as batteries for EVs need to be able
to store vast amounts of charge to make them practical for
use [2]. The most expensive component in each battery cell
is the cathode, one of the two electrodes that stores and
releases electricity.
Cobalt, nickel, lithium and manganese are metals
commonly used in the manufacture of cathodes. These
metals, which are difficult to procure, need to be mined
and processed according to stringent specifications for
subsequent usage in EV batteries. Lithium-ion batteries
are the current standard; these offer a longer driving
range and retain energy better than other metals. With the
demand for EV batteries soaring and the absence of new
supply capacities for these metals, prices have skyrocketed.
Compared to the start of 2021, the price of lithium was
seven times higher in May 2022.
There are other variables affecting the demand for
minerals. If current high commodity prices endure,
cathode chemistries may shift towards less mineral-
intensive options [2]. An encouraging alternative is the
lithium iron phosphate battery which does not require nickel
nor cobalt. Its low energy density renders it better suited
for shorter driving range EV. Especially popular in China,
the market share of lithium iron phosphate batteries has
doubled since 2020. Other promising alternatives such as
manganese and sodium cathodes may further reduce the
dependency on lithium mining. Recycling can also reduce
demand for the minerals in the long run.
EV has a long recharging time compared to the
relatively fast process of refuelling a petrol tank. While it
takes only a couple of minutes to fuel a petrol-powered
car, it can take 4-6 hours to fully recharge an EV [7]. As with
any type of battery, the EV battery will, over time, lose its
ability to fully charge. Most car manufacturers warrant EV
batteries for around 8 years.
Compared to the ICE vehicle, EV has a limited driving
range due to the low energy density of batteries; most EVs
have a short driving range of 100-150 km. However, this is
increasing with newer models.
Charging the growing number of EVs requires a
robust network of stations [7]. The increase in production
of EVs has yet to be matched by development in the
JURUTERA •
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
charging infrastructure. The pace at which the charging
infrastructure is rolled out differs from one country to
another; the number of chargers per EV depends on factors
such as local and federal land and housing regulations,
travel distances, population density and reliance on
home charging. Charging at home/workplace is likely to
supply much of the overall demand but the number of
public chargers needs to expand to further bolster market
acceptance of EVs by offering more flexible charging
opportunities at commonly visited destinations. The
locations of charging stations and the charging process
itself need to be as efficient and convenient as refuelling
an ICE vehicle.
The Global EV Race
Whether it is clean energy, green technology, eco-friendly
engineering or carbon sequestration robotics, the EV
is by far, one of the most dynamic frontiers for saving
the environment. A whopping 6.6 million EVs were sold
worldwide in 2021 (double the number sold in 2020),
accounting for nearly 10% of global car sales [2]. According
to the IEA, at the close of 2021 there were an estimated 16.5
million EVs worldwide. In 2022, the sales of EVs continue to
rise to record levels. Two million EVs were sold in the first
quarter of 2021, an increase of 75% from the same period
in 2021. In addition, consumers were spoilt for choice when
it came to choices of EV models, with 450 models to choose
from in 2021 – a five-fold increase from that in 2015.
Several key success factors have contributed to this.
Foremost is the pledge by many countries to phase
out ICE in the coming decades, which has pushed car
makers, battery makers and EV infrastructure providers
to embark on ambitious plans to exceed the targets
set by policymakers in their respective countries. These
pledges and commitments were renewed at the recently
concluded COP-26 [8].
COP (Conference of Parties) is one of the world’s
key international conferences that brings together
representatives from across the globe to negotiate the
best ways to tackle climate change. Held annually, the first
COP took place in 1995 in Berlin, Germany. It is the main
decision-making body of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change, an agreement made by
197 countries to stabilise greenhouse gas emissions and
avoid dangerous climate change.
The most recent COP26 was the 26th year that
governments, NGOs, trade unions, businesses and anyone
else with interest in climate change met to review and
negotiate global action. Delayed one year due to the
Covid-19 pandemic, COP26 was held on 1-12 November
2021 in Glasgow, Scotland.
Among the positive outcomes at COP26 was the
Glasgow Accord on Zero Emissions Vehicles [9]. This was
a significant global move towards electrification of the
transportation system and cemented a wave of support to
expedite the phasing out of ICE vehicles.
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 19

A total of 137 countries pledged to attain net zero carbon neutrality or

being climate-neutral. The term “net zero” refers to the balance between
greenhouse gases released and removed from the atmosphere [10]. Carbon
neutrality is a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions, while becoming
climate neutral means reducing greenhouse gas emissions as much as
possible and compensating for any remaining emission [10].

Figure 5: Transition to net zero emissions – Status of pledges by global nations

Source: Glasgow Accord on Zero Emissions Vehicles, COP26 [9]

According to the Global Carbon Atlas, the top 3 carbon dioxide

emitters in the world in 2020 were China (10.67 billion tonnes), USA (4.71
billion tonnes) and India (2.44 billion tonnes) [11]. Pledging the strictest
of timelines at COP26, however, was Norway which had committed to be
zero-emission by 2025. Closely tailing Norway was the Netherlands,
Slovenia, Sweden, Iceland and Ireland which had pledged to phase out ICE
by 2030. UK and Denmark had set their targets for 2035, France and Canada
for 2040, the U.S. and Germany for 2050 and India for 2070.
Although China refrained from making a pledge to phase out ICE at
COP26, its sales of EV cars in 2021 were the highest in the world, accounting
for half of the global growth [3]. 3.3 million EVs were sold in China in 2021.
That same year, sales in Europe increased 65% to 2.3 million units while the
U.S. recorded sales of 63,000 units after declining sales in 2019 and 2020.
Equally promising trends were displayed in the first quarter of 2022, with
sales in China more than doubling its sales in the first quarter of 2021; the
U.S. and Europe recorded a 60% and 25% increase in sales respectively.
Spurring China’s EV success story are several factors [3]. Nearly 75% of
all lithium-ion batteries are manufactured in China which is accountable for
70% of production capacity for cathodes and 85% of production capacity for
anodes. Europe is responsible for over one-quarter of global EV production,
but it has only 20% of the battery supply chain apart from cobalt processing.
The U.S. has an even smaller role in the global EV battery supply chain, with enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
only 10% of EV production and 7% of battery production. Other notable EV
battery supply chains are in South Korea and Japan. South Korea has 15%
of cathode material production capacity while Japan accounts for 14% of
cathode and 11% of anode material production. According to the IEA, China
is expected to supply 70% of EV batteries until 2030.
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SEPTEMBER 2022 21

Alongside lower development and manufacturing costs, EVs in China are

smaller and this contributes to narrowing the price gulf between EV and ICE
cars to an average of 10%, compared to 45-50% on average in other major
markets. Also supporting the robust growth of EVs in China is the efficient
rate of implementation of the charging infrastructure.
The dynamic sale of EVs is threatened by global constraints in mineral
supply for the manufacture of batteries. Five minerals that are key in the
production of the commonly used lithium-ion batteries are lithium, cobalt,
nickel, manganese and graphite. These come from countries rich in these
mineral resources, with the top three nations/regions being China, Australia
and the Lithium Triangle of South America comprising Chile, Argentina and
Bolivia [12].
Clearly apparent from the global supply chains for the EV battery
industry (Figure 6), is the disruption faced by the EV industry in general due
to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine. But despite
the setbacks and challenges, the solid underlying principles of many
governments towards zero emission will continue to provide the basis for
growth of the EV industry in the longer term.

Figure 6: The top 25 nations supplying minerals for EV batteries

Source: Mining Dot Com Newsletter [12]

EVs in Malaysia
Blessed with a good road transport network, Malaysia has tremendous
potential to grow a robust EV industry. Under the 12th Malaysia Plan (12MP)
unveiled in September 2021, the government announced its aspirations
to “become a carbon neutral country by 2050 at the earliest [13]”. Prior
to this, in July 2021, the Ministry of Environment & Water (KASA) and the
Malaysian Green Technology & Climate Change Centre (MGTC) announced, enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
in a blueprint titled Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint 2021-2030, the plan to
increase EV and other low carbon transportation usage so as to lower carbon
emissions [14]. The blueprint covers four key areas: Vehicle energy efficiency
improvement, EV adoption and related tax exemptions, alternative fuel
adoption and greenhouse gas emission and energy reduction.
 22 SEPTEMBER 2022
JURUTERA •
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA

In October 2021, under Budget 2022, Finance Minister
Tengku Datuk Seri Zafrul Abdul Aziz announced more
incentives for EV owners to support the Low Carbon Mobility
Blueprint including 100% road tax exemption, 100% sales
tax exemption for completely knocked down passenger
vehicles and 50% discount for completely built-up cars
(including multi-purpose vehicles and sports utility vehicles)
and tax income exemption for individuals of up to RM2,500
on the cost of purchase, installation, rent, hire purchase as
well as subscription fees for EV charging facilities [15].
Despite the incentives, challenges remain. The
adoption of EVs in Malaysia, however, is still in its infancy in
contrast to its ASEAN neighbours. In 2021, of the 452,663
passenger vehicles sold, only 274 were BEVs, accounting
for 0.06% of the total Malaysian market [16-17]. At the time
of the unveiling of the blueprint, there were about 30,000
EVs (HEVs, PHEVs and
BEVs combined) on
mandating of policies favouring EV adoption, such as
lowering of carbon dioxide emission levels and monitoring
of vehicle efficiencies, will meet with little or no resistance.
In addition, a strategy to impose additional taxes on ICE
vehicle owners while incentivising EV owners will propel
the transition pathway too.
The often-neglected categories of two-and-three-
wheelers plus heavy-duty vehicles such as buses and
trucks will simultaneously add to a seamless shift. For
a start, two-and-three-wheeler EVs can assist in the
narrowing of price gaps in comparison to four-wheelers.
REFERENCES
[1] U.S. Department of Energy, The History of the Electric Car (2014), https://
www.energy.gov/articles/history-electric-car/. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
[2] U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Electric Vehicles (2020),
https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric. Accessed on 8 June 2022.

Figure 7: The Nissan Leaf,
a popular BEV model in Malaysia
Source: https://www.wapcar.my
Malaysian roads and as [3] International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2022 (2022), https://
www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2022. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
of March 2022, there
[4] University of Calgary, Energy Education (2018), https://
were 600 EV charging energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electric_vehicle_emissions.
stations around the Accessed on 8 June 2022.
country [18]. [5] U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable
Current awareness Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center, Emissions from Electric
on climate change Vehicles (2020), https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.
Accessed on 8 June 2022.
and regulations to
[6] Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, Yale Climate
promote the use of Connections, Electric cars can cost 40% less to maintain than
renewable energy gasoline cars (2021), https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/09/
have played a pivotal electric-cars-can-cost-40-less-to-maintain-than-gasoline-cars/.
role in transforming Accessed on 8 June 2022.

the preference of the [7] National Geographic June 2021 Newsletter, https://www.
nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/will-charging-electric-
Malaysian consumer cars-ever-be-as-fast-as-pumping-gas. Accessed on 8 June 2022.
with respect to [8] UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), UK 2021,
transportation choices. https://ukcop26.org/. Accessed on22 June 2022.
The average Malaysian [9] UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), UK (2021),
Figure 8: ChargEV, an MTGC initiative agrees unequivocally https://cop26transportdeclaration.org. Accessed on22 June 2022.
that provides electric vehicle that EV is the answer [10] Merriam Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/
charging solutions in Malaysia to decarbonising the dictionary/carbon-neutral. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
Source: MTGC [18]
transportation sector [11] Global Carbon Atlas 2021 (2021), http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/
en/content/welcome-carbon-atlas. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
but the main factor that keeps EVs out of the reach of many
[12] Mining Dot Com April 2021 Newsletter (2021), https://www.mining.
is the high cost. The initial capital investment for an EV
com/web/ranked-top-25-nations-producing-battery-metals-for-the-
far outweighs the accumulated cost savings from free ev-supply-chain/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
charging, not buying fuel and the reduction in road/sales [13] The 12th Malaysia Plan (RMK12) 2021-2025 (2021), https://rmke12.
taxes and income tax incentives. Add to that driving range epu.gov.my/en. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
anxiety and long charging times. The lack of EV charging [14] Low Carbon Mobility Blueprint 2021-2030 (2021), https://www.
infrastructure readiness also deters a seamless switch from kasa.gov.my/resources/alam-sekitar/Low-Carbon-Mobility-
Blueprint-2021-2030/8/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
ICE to EV in Malaysia.
[15] Ministry of Finance Malaysia, Budget 2022 Highlights (2021), https://
www.mof.gov.my/portal/en/news/press-citations/budget-2022-
Future of EV highlights-summary. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
Countries aspiring to accelerate their commitments to [16] Malaysia Automotive Association, Sales & Production Statistics (2022),
zero-emission can implement numerous initiatives. Central http://www.maa.org.my/statistics. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
to all will be the unwavering support of government [17] Malaysia Automotive Association, Press Release (2022), http://
fiscal policies. Kickstarting the transition will be the www.maa.org.my/only-274-evs-were-sold-last-year-in-malaysia/.
expansion and upgrading of electricity grids. The key to Accessed on 22 June 2022.

the electrification of any country’s transportation system [18] Malaysian Green Technology and Climate Change Corp (MGTC),
(2021), https://www.mgtc.gov.my/2021/11/making-ev-the-ride-of-the-
is a charging infrastructure that is publicly accessible and future/. Accessed on 22 June 2022.
affordable. With a robust grid system in place, statutory
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
Synergising Together
to Achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals
Written and Prepared by:
Chan Chi Yen
Works in a mechanical & electrical engineering
consultancy company. Apart from his involvement
in the Electrical Engineering Technical Division of
IEM, he also contributes to the National Working
Group of the ASEAN Engineering Inspectorate-
Electrical Installation (AEI-EI).
T
he biennial ASEAN Electrotechnical Symposium
& Exhibition 2022 on 16-17 March 2022, at the
Plenary Theatre, Kuala Lumpur Convention
Centre, was a hybrid event held after a 2-year break due
to the Covid-19 pandemic. More than 120 participants
attended.
This time, the theme was Standards Drive Sustainable
Development Goals and, once again, The Institution
of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM), Department of Standards
Malaysia (DSM) and Suruhanjaya Tenaga (ST) or Energy
Commission of Malaysia joined hands to organise the
event.
Participants comprised engineering professionals,
government officials and policymakers, Standards’
organisations, manufacturers, suppliers and solution
providers as well as owners and operators from Malaysia and
ASEAN countries. There were 5 sessions on the following
topics: Standards Drive Sustainable Development Goals,
Sustainable Cities & Communities, Industry, Innovation &
Infrastructure, Affordable & Clean Energy and Good Health
& Well-Being. Participants gained valuable insights from
the topics delivered by various local and foreign experts.
First, the Chairman of the Electrical Engineering
Technical Division and Organising Chairman of
International Electrotechnical Symposium & Exhibition
(IESE) 2022, Ir. Lee Cheng Pay, gave his opening remarks.
He thanked all the supporters and participants, saying that
this was the first time the symposium was held via a
hybrid method which allowed participants the option to
attend either physically or virtually.
The then IEM President, Ir. Ong Ching Loon, gave his
welcome address in which he stressed on the importance
of having Standards. Products manufactured according to
recognised Standards can be exported to the international
market and this can further increase the market share.
SEPTEMBER 2022 23
Tineswar Jaganathapillai
Final-Year mechanical engineering student at
University Malaysia Pahang, is a student member
of IEM.
Next, Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, Chief Executive
Officer of ST gave his speech and launched the ASEAN
Electrotechnical Symposium and Exhibition 2022. He
reiterated that Standards facilitate the transfer of local
products to the international market. All products
produced that comply with recognised Standards can be
compatible economically.
The first session was on Standards Drive Sustainable
Development Goals. Dr Shu Yinbiao, President of the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) delivered
the first keynote address through a pre-recorded session.
He said standardisation was a global effort which
provided tools for global partners. IEC will continue
to collaborate with IEM, Standards Malaysia and ST to
promote engineering best practices which will benefit all.
The second keynote address was to have been
delivered by Encik Shaharul Sadri Alwi, Director General
of Standards Malaysia. However, due to unforeseen
circumstances, he was not able to.
So, the third keynote address, titled Electrical Safety
Standards, was brought forward. It was given by Ir. Md.
Zakuan Ibrahim, ST Director of Safety Regulations. His
talk was on causes of electrical accidents, guidelines
and statistics. He also described strategies to mitigate
electrical accidents. The framework included enforcement,
legislation, promotion, education and engagement with
industries. He also highlighted some publications from
Energy Commission.
After the lunch break, the fourth keynote address,
titled Electrical Installation or Safety in Cambodia, was
delivered by Dr Chan Sodavath, Secretary of State, Ministry
of Mines & Energy, Cambodia. He explained the purpose of
having Standards and introduced some Standards used
in Cambodia. He also highlighted Cambodia’s contribution
to Sustainable Development Goals.
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 25

CHINT
SUPERIOR
SWITCHES

Figure 1: (From left) The Organising Chairman & Electrical Engineering Technical Division
Chairman Director, Ir. Lee Chen Pay, the Director, Safety Regulation from ST,
Ir. Md. Zakuan Ibrahim, the Guest of Honour, Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, the then President
of IEM, Ir. Ong Chin Loon, the Regional Director (IEC Asia-Pacific Regional Centre) at IEC,
Mr. Dennis Chew and the Head Commissioner of AER and Chairman of AEI-EI and
Standing Committee on Activities Chairman, Ir. Yau Chau Fong

The next session, Sustainable Cities & Communities, comprised a

forum on Electrical Safety Standards Making Cities & Human Settlements
Inclusive, Safe and Sustainable. Ir. Yau Chau Fong, Head Commissioner of
ASEAN Engineering Register (AER), Chairman of the ASEAN Engineering
Inspectors-Electrical Installation (AEI-EI) and Standing Committee on
Activities Chairman, gave an overview of the ASEAN Electrical Standards &
Regulations. Standards are essential for ensuring equipment performance
and safety. Without Standards, the technology of today would not
have been achievable. Ir. Yau also talked briefly about the history, role and
objectives of forming the ASEAN Engineering Register (AEI) and introduced
the ASEAN Engineering Inspectors – Electrical Installation (AEI-EI). The ASEAN
Engineering Inspectors steering committee (AEI) comprises 4 engineering
disciplines: Building, Harmonising Boiler Inspectors, Electrical Installation
and Manufacturing. The AEI-EI has published a white paper on electrical
installation standards and regulations in buildings in ASEAN countries. Ir. Yau
also showcased events undertaken by AEI-EI.
Then Mr. Paul Loke from IEC, Asia Pacific, spoke on current initiatives
carried out by IEC and the benefits of Standards to the industry and
government. He highlighted the Regional Comprehensive Economic
Partnership (RCEP) which involved 15 countries in the Asia Pacific
region. On top of that, he went through the overview and structure of IEC
60364 Electrical Installations for Buildings, which is the Commission’s
International Standard on electrical installations of buildings. This Standard
is an attempt to harmonise national wiring standards in an IEC standard
and is published in the European Union by CENELEC as “HD 60364”. He also
explained the overview and structure of IEC 60364 which consisted of
several parts and a few subchapters. He ended his talk by explaining
the application guides and parts complying with IEC 60364 as well as
ALPHA CHINT SWITCHES SDN. BHD.
participation in this initiative by countries around the world. (952175-T)

After this, Mr. Khin Maung Win from the Federation of Myanmar +603-5569 3698
Engineering Society (Fed. MES) was to speak on Sustainable Energy in +603-5569 4099
Myanmar. Unfortunately, he was not able to attend the event.
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alphamail@alphasel.com
 26 SEPTEMBER 2022
Figure 2: Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood, Chief Executive Officer of ST speaking at the launch of the event
The final two talks for the day were presented by Ir. Ts.
Mohd Iqbal Ridwan from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
and Ts. Lim Sai Seong from The Electrical & Electronics
Association of Malaysia (TEEAM). Ir. Ts. Mohd Iqbal’s
presentation, titled International Standards as Key Enabler
for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Malaysian Perspective,
outlined the Overview and Standards of Smart Cities
Enhancing the Role of International Standards and TNB’s
Smart City solutions. He presented the idea of a sustainable
smart city and discussed the Standards of smart city
requirements and ways to enhance the role of International
Standards. He explained how the smart city concept
worked and the initiatives currently being undertaken by
TNB. He said there were a number of definitions of what
made a city “smart”, such as the International Business
Machines Corporation (IBM) definition of “a city that makes
optimal use of all interconnected information available
today to better understand and control
its operations and to optimise the use of
limited resources”. In short, a smart city
uses a framework of information and
communication technologies to create,
deploy and promote development
practices to address urban challenges
and to create a joint technologically-
enabled-and-sustainable infrastructure.
He also shared views on the Malacca
Smart City project. Finally, he described
the interoperability approach in smart
cities in order to enhance the role of
International Standards.
Ts. Lim Sai Seong talked about
Testing, Inspection & Certification for
a Safe and Sustainable Community.
He explained the benefits of testing,
inspection and certification and talked
JURUTERA •
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
about the electrical accident rate due to
non-compliant products in the market.
He then highlighted the importance of
using approved products and having
third-party inspections. He reiterated
the benefits of Testing, Inspection &
Certification, market compliance and
the factors that impact product safety
and performance.
Day 2 started with a session on
Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure
with the subtitle, Electrical Standards
Build Resilient Electrical Infrastructure.
Prof. Saifur Rahman, President-Elect of
The Institute of Electrical & Electronics
Engineers and Director of Virginia Tech
Advanced Research Institute in the United
States of America delivered an interesting
fifth keynote address, titled Role of the
Smart Grid in Facilitating the Integration of Renewables, in
a pre-recorded video. He explained the evolution of smart
grid technology from the definition of smart grid and the
difference between a normal and a smart grid as well as the
merging of the power flow with information flow. Besides
that, he talked about issues with distributed generation
of renewable energy which is essentially required for the
integration of renewables. His presentation also clarified
some facts on wind and solar energy.
Next, Dr Tran Son Tranh from Electric Power University,
Vietnam, spoke on Solar Roof Top and Dr Florigo C. Varona
from Philippine Technological Council on Energy Efficiency.
In his talk on solar energy potential in Vietnam, Dr Son
Tranh explained the policies to promote solar energy and
results of these initiatives. He also talked about electrical
power distribution through the installation of solar panels
initiatives in some countries around the world.
Figure 3: Ts. Abdul Razib Dawood and Ir. Ong Chin Loon visiting the exhibition booths
FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 27

Dr Varona talked about electricity suppliers in The Philippines who were

registered under The Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA).
BH GIRDER
The last speaker for this session was Ir. Lee Yuen How from The
Institution of Engineering & Technology (IET). His topic was Electric Vehicle The BH Girder is an innovative and enhanced version of PSC
(EV) Charging Infrastructure and Standards in Malaysia. He enlightened Girder that utilizes the Bulb-T shape integrated with Half Slab
participants on EV and its associated types and, apart from discussing which enables it to be applied over a span of longer than
60m. By adopting the latest cutting-edge technologies and
the different types of charging modes and chargers in the market, he also innovation, the BH Girder has been designed to achieve the
spoke on the current sales of EV or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) ultimate goals of “Cost Effectiveness”, “Rapid Construction”,
“Aesthetics” and “Safety”.
in Malaysia, the number of public EV chargers, charging modes and
comparison of Alternating Current and Direct Current Chargers. He talked Half Slab ►Integrated slab
Enhancement of Aesthetics ►
Stream lined shape
about the high-power DC charger station projects in Malaysia which will girder for improving constructability
Intermediate Tendon ►
be completed by Shell and Porsche in a joint venture. The EV landscape is Maximization of prestressing efficiency

rapidly shifting as both technology and interest grow, so there will definitely
be many more such vehicles in the future.
The next session was on Affordable & Clean Energy with a subtitle on
Policies to Ensure Access to Affordable and Reliable Energy – Renewable
Bulb-T Shape ►Structural
Energy. It started with the sixth keynote address by Ir. Mohd Zamri Laton efficiency can be optimized

from Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA). He presented the ADVANTAGES

Straight Tendon ►Friction loss can be minimized

purpose of SEDA and statistics on renewable energy in the country, touching

on the National Installed Capacity of Renewable Energy and Cumulative
ADVANTAGES
Renewable Energy. He also talked about policies, acts and incentives on
renewable energy, which included the Renewable Energy Act 2011 and Net
Energy Metering 3.0. ● Maximization of prestressing efficiency
Next to speak was Dato’ Ir. Muhamad Guntor Mansor Tobeng from ● Minimization of prestressing friction loss
Efficiency
Malaysian Photovoltaic Industry Association, who talked about renewable
energy and incentive programmes, highlighting the potential of rooftop ● Reduction of substructure cost
solar systems. He conveyed the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) concept, tying it to the ● Reduction of slab cost by half slab girder
Economics
Renewable Energy Act 2011 in Malaysia. He touched on the potential of
renewable energy as well as the demand from the commercial and industrial
● Omission of deck slab formwork and
sectors. In addition, he presented the technical challenges with regards to shoring work by half slab girder
the solar penetration limit in the peninsula. Constructability
● Shorter construction period
This was followed by Mr. Houmphanh Vongphachanh from the Ministry
of Energy & Mines, Laos, who spoke on renewable energy in his country PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
and the Laotian government’s efforts in utilising renewable energy. He (Free of charge)
● Design computations and analysis
introduced the power sector policy and strategy in Laos and presented the ● Construction drawings
status of renewable energy and some of the challenges faced by his country. ● Material and construction specifications
The final session for the event, Good Health & Well Being, encompassed ● Cost estimates
● Technical advice and construction assistance
a forum on Electrical Standard for Special Locations. This session had a
total of three topics. The first was by Prof. Ir. Dr Fatimah Ibrahim from IEM BH Girders (60m long) launched on double decker portal piers
at Setiawangsa Pantai Expressway
on Standards for Special Locations in Malaysia. She presented on the IEC
Standard for low voltage electrical and electronic equipment or systems
for healthcare facilities. She also touched on IEC 60364-7-710 and MS 1525
regarding Standards for medical locations and energy efficiency as well as
classification of medical locations.
Mr. Prasitt Hemwarapornchai from the Engineering Institute of Thailand
(EIT) talked about Data Centre and Standards in Thailand. He presented
the Standards for the data centre that had been adopted, highlighting
the EIT 02 2012-16 which was the Data Centre Standard for Thailand and NEHEMIAH TOWOONG BRIDGETECH SDN. BHD.
Certification. He talked about facility types 0 to 4. No. 45-3, Jalan PJU 5/20, The Strand, Kota Damansara
The last speaker was Ir. Chin Lee Tuck from Pertubuhan Ukur Jurutera 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
dan Arkitek (PUJA), whose topics were Medical Design in Covid-19 Situation Tel : 012 218 6693(Tan CC)
in Brunei and the Standard PBD 12-2017: Part IX: Clause 258 on electrical Tel : 603 6142 6638
Fax : 603 6142 6693
installation requirements. He presented on Electrical Installation
Requirement (EIR), a document that guided the designer/installer of Email : tancc@nehemiah-grp.com
Email : enquiry@nehemiah-grp.com
electrical systems and the operation of electrical plants and installations.
A partnership of
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FEATURE
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 29

The organising chairman then thanked all participants, supporters and the
IEM Secretariat for making the event a success. He recorded his appreciation
to the speakers who shared their knowledge and said he believed everyone
had benefitted from their talks.
It was without a doubt that the two-day event was a much-awaited
affair, especially after the lockdown. Not only did participants receive a well-
rounded perspective from all the speakers but it was also a good networking
session, especially for those who attended the event physically.

Upcoming Activities
2-Day Course on Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement
(MyCESMM2)

Date : 6 - 7 September 2022 (Tuesday - Wednesday)

Time : 8.30 a.m. - 5.30 p.m.
Venue : Wisma IEM
Approved CPD : 14.5
Speaker : Ir. Hj. Shahul Ikram bin Hj. Adnan

Virtual 1-Day Course on “Project Scheduling using ProjectLibre”

(Rescheduled from 11 June 2022)

Date : 6 September 2022 (Tuesday)

Time : 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.
Venue : Digital Platform
Approved CPD : 6.5
Speaker : Ir. Assoc Prof. Dr Abang Annuar Ehsan

Virtual 2-Day Course on “Project Management for New Product

Development (NPD)”

Date : 8 - 9 September 2022 (Thursday - Friday)

Time : 9.00 a.m. - 5.00 p.m.
Venue : Digital Platform
Approved CPD : 13
Speaker : Assoc. Prof. Dr Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim

Webinar Panel Session “Continuing Career Development (Professional) in

Oil, Gas & Mining Industry” (Digital Platform)

Date : 10 September 2022 (Saturday)

Time : 9.00 a.m. - 11.00 a.m.
Venue : Digital Platform
Approved CPD : 2
Speakers : Ir. Lee Chang Quan
: Dr Mohd Hazizan Mohd Hashim
: Ir. Al-Khairi Mohd Daud
: Ir. Razmahwata Razalli

Webinar on Moving to the Cloud: Benefits and Risks

Date : 10 September 2022 (Saturday) For enquiry please contact:

CRIB TECHNOLOGIES SDN BHD (564096-A),
Time : 11.30 a.m. - 1.30 p.m. ARE WALL (M) SDN BHD (542608-W)
Venue : Digital Platform No. 28-2, Jalan Setia Utama AS U13/AS, Setia Alam,
Approved CPD : 2 Sek U13, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor
Tel: +603-3359 1227 (Hunting Line)
Speaker : Ts. Dr Chin Ji Jian
Fax: +603-3358 7392
Email: groadesb@yahoo.com
Website: http://www.ctsbare.com
CONCET2022
15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCRETE
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Innovation and Resilience in Concrete

Construction
5 - 8 December 2022 I Virtual event

Sponsorship and exhibition packages available

Keynote speakers

Professor P. A. Muhammed Basheer, University of Leeds, UK

Professor Emad Gad, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Ir. A.Prof. Dr. Voo Yen Lei, Dura Technology, Malaysia
Professor Somnuk Tangtermsirikul, Thammasat University, Thailand
Dr. Surendra Keshav Manjrekar, Sunanda Speciality Coatings Pvt Ltd, India
Professor Kiang Hwee Tan, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Prof Khalifa S Al-Jabri, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

Visit www.concet2022.com for details

Conference partners
 32 SEPTEMBER 2022
ISO13485:2016 - Insights into
the Role of an Engineer
Written and Prepared by:
Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam
H
eld on 26 March 2022 (Saturday) at 11:30 a.m.,
a webinar on ISO 13485:2016 - Insights
Into the Role of an Engineer was attended
by 39 participants. It was organised by the Healthcare
& Biomedical Engineering Working Group under the
Electrical Engineering Technical Division (EETD) of IEM.
Basically, ISO 13485:2016 Medical Devices - Quality
management systems – Requirements states the regulatory
requirements of a quality management system for an
organisation to demonstrate its ability to provide medical
devices and related services that consistently meet the
requirements as stated in the standard. There is a similar
Malaysian Standard, MS ISO 13485:2017 Medical Devices
- Quality management systems - Requirements that
complements and supplements the ISO 13485 standard;
details of the standard are available on the official ISO
website.
The talks were delivered by Encik Mohamad Fauzi Mohd
Idris, Head of Operations/Auditor at Medivice Certification
Sdn. Bhd. and Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam, a Freelance Healthcare
& Biomedical Engineering Consultant, Trainer and Auditor.
Safety and quality are non-negotiable in the medical
devices industry due to, among others, the wide-scale
public impact and the subsequent legal liabilities.
Therefore, the Malaysian regulatory authority has to be
very stringent in the production of medical devices as
well as services and delivery. ISO 13485 implicitly requires
that engineers understand their role in the life-cycle of the
medical device.
Healthcare industry engineers are expected to exercise
discretion and judgement when applying the relevant
regulatory requirements accordingly while understanding
their level of responsibility towards the safety of the device.
This includes having the adequate reporting requirements
via their commitment towards the standards implied
quality management system (QMS).
Any organisation involved in one or more stages of
the life-cycle of the medical device(s), including design
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION FORUM
JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
Ir. Ts. S. Vignaeswaran
and development, production, storage, distribution,
installation, servicing and/or any associated activities (e.g.
technical support), is required to be ISO 13485 compliant.
Furthermore, ISO 13485 can be applicable to suppliers
and external parties that provide the medical products,
including medical device related quality management
system services to any organisation.
Encik Fauzi focused on the clauses from the standard
and the corresponding requirements as well as the systems
engineering aspects. Systems engineering encompasses
a team which deals with the design and development
through to the disposal of a medical device. Systems
are generally defined as a complex collection of people,
technology, resources and procedures which works
together to solve a problem or achieve a goal. Complex
products such as medical devices have a multitude of
various systems which interact with each other, sometimes
in intricate and complex manners.
A healthcare industry engineer’s role can vary from
quality control, quality assurance, incoming inspection,
outgoing inspection, design and development, production,
maintenance, after sales support and procurement. This
list is not exhaustive since the manufacturing of medical
devices is itself complex in nature, involving intricate
processes that evolve over time and demanding human
expertise. So it is important to be involved as a team from
the beginning of the medical device life-cycle until the
final activity.
Ir. Shamila talked on just one sub-clause which was on
the validation of processes in the production and service
of medical equipment provision. In general, validation
is defined as the “confirmation, through the provision of
objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific
intended use or an application have been fulfilled” [ISO
9001:2015]. ISO 13485 has references to ISO 9000:2015
and the latter focuses on processes. If both standards are
combined, a process can be defined as a “set of interrelated
or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an
FORUM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 33

intended result”. Therefore, it becomes clear that ISO 13485

implies a process validation that provides a confirmation
that a process leads to the intended deliverables by
objective evidence.
ISO 13485:2016 requires process validation under the
following circumstances:
1. If the process of either a device production or a related
service process outcome cannot be or is not verified,
i.e. by means of measuring.
2. Defects of the process outcome will only be apparent
when the product is being used or after the service has
been rendered.
If the above conditions prevail, then a process validation
is required. To conclude, Ir. Shamila provided insights
into overcoming difficulties in implementing the required
validation processes.
The talk lasted longer than expected due to the
engaging questions from the participants. Figure 1 shows
a picture taken during the Q&A session. However, most
participants stayed online for the whole session as they
found the Q&A session interesting.

Special Features of
HITEC METAL PEB Framing System
Figure 1: Ir. Shamila and Encik Fauzi answering questions from participants

Upcoming Activities
WEBINAR - Half Day Seminar on “Life Cycle Cost Analysis for
Asset and Facilities – Optimizing Investment on Asset Life Cycle
through Crisis”

Date : 12 September 2022 (Monday)

Time : 9:00 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.
Venue : Digital Platform
Approved CPD : 4
Speaker : Ir. Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd. Fairullazi Ayob

WEBINAR Talk on “Geomechanical Correlation of Subsurface

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Venue : Digital Platform
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Speaker : Ir. Dr Hj. Ahmad Shukri bin Hj. Abd Rashid 57000 Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur.
Tel : 03-9055 3010 (Hunting Line) Fax : 03-9055 3101 / 3121
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FORUM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 35

Issues & Challenges on the Ground

Impacting Agile-Hybrid Project Success
Written and Prepared by:

Ir. Shamila Ariaratnam

E
lectrical Engineering and Project Management Table 1: Chaos Report Findings (Standish Group, 2008 and 2015)
Technical Division jointly organised a 2-hour talk
on Issues & Challenges on the Ground Impacting
Agile-Hybrid Project Success on 21 May 2022 which was
attended by 32 participants. The invited speaker was
Dr Jay Sithambaram who recently moved into Project
Management consulting and advisory and set up a
project management office to conduct corporate training
and provide services to key clients in AsiaPacific and the
Middle East.
The demand for success in agile projects requires
serious attention in addressing its issues and challenges,
besides merely implementing suitable agile methods.
Literature presents a comprehensive discussion which
does not accurately reflect the crucial challenges that
the industries faced. Through a study involving 42
industry practitioners, 38 unique issues and challenges
were captured and grouped into 4 broad categories of
Organisation, People, Process and Technical. These issues
Figure 1: Comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed Projects over a
and challenges were further mapped into a best practice 5-year period, extracted from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2015)
framework to act as a guide in the management of agile
hybrid projects. Proposed mitigation methods were also A comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed
compiled and presented with the framework. Projects between Agile and Waterfall Methods, extracted
Table 1 shows that the number of successful projects from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2019) illustrated
had declined to 28.8% and challenged projects had risen that successful project for Agile were 42% compared to
to 52.4% from years 1994-2006 to years 2011-2015. 26% for Waterfall. Challenged projects for Agile were at
Surprisingly the number of failed projects remained 50% and Waterfall were 53% while failed projects Agile
relatively unchanged. stood at 8% and Waterfall 21%.
Figure 1 shows the Modern Resolution (on time, on The same study done in 2020 demonstrated successful
budget, with a satisfactory result) for all Software Projects and challenged projects were almost similar between
from 2011 to 2015. Successful projects hovered between 42% and 47% respectively with a decline in challenged
27% and 31% while challenged projects glided between projects compared to 2019 whereas the successful projects
49% and 56% and failed projects floated between 17% remained status quo. However, failed projects increased to
and 22%. 11%. On the other hand, Waterfall projects had a further
Deciphering further, moderate and small project sizes decrease in successful projects to 13% while the challenged
tended to have higher successful percentages. Medium and and failed project increased 59% and 28% respectively.
moderate project sizes were more inclined to challenges The Agile Manifesto is based on 12 principles (Beck et.
while the large and medium project sizes tended to fail. al., 2001): Customer satisfaction, changing requirements,
36 SEPTEMBER 2022 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL DIVISION FORUM
JURUTERA • THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA

frequent delivery, stakeholder harmony, motivated and trusted team,

co-location of team members, working solution, sustainable development,
technical excellence, managing work and simplicity simplicity, self-organising
teams and adaptability to change.
The study employed 37 factors from literature reviews and 38 factors from
ground theory. For the talk, only factors from the ground were discussed.
The participants with the following designations took part in the study:
Agile Coach, Project Manager Consultant, Programme Manager, Project
Director, Project Manager and Trainer. These originated from 20 countries
and Malaysian participants contributed to the highest percentage. From the
38 factors, 2 were related to Technical, 6 to Organisation, 10 to People and
finally the highest at 20 to Process.

Figure 2: Comparison of Successful, Challenged and Failed Project by project size,

extracted from the CHAOS Report (Standish Group, 2015)

In summary, the following will help yield more successful projects:

• Organisational culture with executive and leadership support and
business case with stakeholder agreement.
• Independent and experienced agile team with staged implementation.
• Customised fit-for-purpose method and established process understood
by all stakeholders.
• Harmonious teamwork, continuous engagement and communication,
with proper project closure activities.
• Human Resource planning, skillset development and continuous learning
environment.
• Project tracking and prioritisation with project status update and risk
management.
• Manageable units of deliverables with a proper vendor management
process.
• Establishing product ownership role with sufficient mirroring and backup
for critical roles.
#2
 38 SEPTEMBER 2022
Understanding the Importance
of Professional Code of Ethics in
Engineering Profession
- the Minamata Case
Written and Prepared by:
Ts. Mohamad Ridzuan bin Abdahir
An accredited Adjudicator/Mediator for the Asian
International Arbitration Centre (AIAC).
He can be reached at ridz1189@gmail.com.
J
ohnny Depp won. Justice had been restored.
That was the public perception as well as the
verdict in the recent Johnny Depp vs Amber
Heard defamation trial that got the world glued to the
tube. A big fan of Depp’s, I followed the trial closely on a
daily basis.
Meanwhile, I was also preparing for my upcoming
Professional Competency Examination. I was given a list of
questions along with my interview invitation which would
test my understanding of the Professional Engineer’s
Code of Ethics & Regulations. I would have to answer 1 of
2 questions which the examiners would pick on the day
of the examination. This was a compulsory portion of the
exam and it included an oral interview as well.
While I cannot recall engineering professional ethics
being taught as a subject, it is usually something that
is learnt on the job, especially when a mishap occurs.
These days, the Code of Ethics is akin to an ancient
manuscript and an engineer is often ridiculed should he
follow the code to a T. As I prepared for the exam, I started
thinking on the importance/significance of the code or
regulations, especially in the 21st Century. If I may say,
today’s generation generally behaves as if it is the epitome
of civilisation and that discoveries and rules of the past are
not meant to be regarded.
As I began to drown in my own quicksand of diaspora
of thoughts on the matter, something came to mind,
a moment from the Depp-Heard trial. During cross
examination by Heard’s lawyers, Depp was asked about a
“list of movies to come” for Depp. In his reply, he mentioned
the movie Minamata. I watched the movie a week ago after
I heard about it from the Depp trial.
It was a powerful, far-reaching movie and, among many
other issues, it addressed the topic of professional ethics
JURUTERA •
REFLECTIONS COLUMN
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA
and the consequences of not being ethical. It was based
on the real story of the Chisso Corporation in Minamata
which was involved in the making of liquid crystals and
which was seen by Japan and by the world as a frontier
for research and development in that area. Chisso had
grown as a result of this but little did it know then that it
would be paying a huge price for the detrimental effects
caused by the mercury-tainted wastewater which it
discharged into Minamata Bay and Shiranui Sea. Although
it was already known that exposure to large quantities
of toxic mercury was hazardous to all living things, the
corporation did nothing to curb or filter the wastewater.
Chisso was definitely aware of the impact of the mercury-
contaminated water on fisheries, fishermen and humans
living in the vicinity of the river but, blinded by the profits
made, it dismissed the foreseeable consequences as
relatively insignificant.
After watching the movie, I raced to get my printed copy
of the Professional Engineer Code of Ethics. The code or set
of regulations teaches engineers to safeguard public safety at
all times. It teaches us to identify and to declare conflict
of roles. It teaches us to not take up a task if we are not
competent. It teaches us to not act solely for personal gain
or personal interest. It teaches us to uphold the dignity and
integrity of our profession and more.
According to official count, the Minamata disaster
affected 2,265 lives (as at 2001) but unofficially, it was
said to have impacted nearly 17,000 lives. Until today the
residents there still suffer from the Minamata Disease which
is attributed to the mercury-tainted wastewater discharge.
If only Chisso and its engineers had adhered to the
professional engineering Code of Ethics, those lives would
not be lost. If only the engineers had advised the superiors in
the company on the need to carry out proper wastewater
REFLECTIONS COLUMN
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 39

treatment prior to its disposal. By

Figure 1: Minamata movie poster showing
Johnny Depp as photo-journalist Eugene
Smith who exposed the injustices committed
2004, it was estimated that Chisso
had paid close to US$86 million in
compensation to the victims and Nehemiah Prestress 1140945-A
their families. The recklessness and
negligence of its management and
its engineers were the causes for the
mishap and deaths.
Having been in the industry for
almost 12 years now, I realise now that
we engineers are constantly pressured
by circumstances to cut some slack or
to turn a blind eye to some unethical
requirement when we make decisions.
Nehemiah-OVM provides the following products and
Clients, with their endless obsession services:
to maximise profit and minimise cost
at any expense, may corner engineers - Post-tensioning solution provider
- Carpark Flat Slab
into making the wrong decisions. If - Transfer Plate
- Beams, Box Girders
at first, these unethical decisions may - Alternative design solutions
seem inconsequential in the short - Cable systems (stay cable, main cable, hanger)

by the Chisso Corporation against the term, they can cause danger to the - Bridge bearing and expansion joint

Minamata population. public in the long run or worse, result - Construction solutions (heavy lifting, ILM, etc)

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ - Monitoring, repairing and strengthening for structures

Minamata_%28film%29)
in death. As such, during these trying
moments of decision making, we
must cherish and appreciate the Code of Ethics provided by the engineering
institution as it serves as protection rather than an impingement. We should
see it as the go-to tool for when we are being pressured to commit to ethical
misconducts and as a tool of solace and assurance that we are protected for
the decisions that we have to make. When we are being pushed or coerced
into doing something unethical, we will, with the Code of Ethics, be able to tell
our clients, contractors or even project consultants team members, that “our
professional Code of Ethics does not permit us to do so” when we are pushed to
the brink of the unethical.
I used to think of the Code of Ethics as burdensome but now more than
ever, I have begun to appreciate its importance and significance. With no
disrespect to the medical profession, I would like to quote my father, a fellow
engineer, who said: “When a doctor makes a mistake, he may be able to hide
that mistake or, at most, have one life lost, but when an engineer makes a
mistake you cannot hide it and it can result in thousands of lives lost”.
As with all professions, the engineering discipline is one that is governed
and regulated by a Code of Ethics to better protect the lives of engineers, the
public and everyone related. I now realise that the Code of Ethics is not an
impediment but rather, it’s a blessing. Nehemiah Prestress Sdn Bhd (1140945-A)
I would like to end with a quote (from Johnny Depp’s Instagram post, No. 45-3, Jalan PJU 5/20
2 June 2022) after Depp’s win as it reflected his professionalism and ethical The Strand, Kota Damansara
47810 Petaling Jaya
approach to life. He said: “From the very beginning, the goal of bringing Selangor Darul Ehsan
this case was to reveal the truth, regardless of the outcome. Speaking the Tel : 603 6142 6638 Nehemiah
truth was something that I owed to my children and to all those who had
A member of the Nehemiah Group
Fax : 603 6142 6693
Email : enquiry-pt@nehemiah-grp.com
remained steadfast in their support of me. I feel at peace knowing I have
finally accomplished that.”
Certified by the European
I hope that in the years to come, more engineers will adhere strictly to our Organization for Technical Approval
Code of Ethics to avoid mishaps and misfortunes happening to the public .

The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not
necessarily reflect those of The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM).
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NEWS FROM BRANCH
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
IEMNS Award &
Appreciation Dinner
Written and Prepared by:
Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por
A
s the Covid-19 crisis moved to the endemic
stage, The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia,
Negeri Sembilan Branch (IEMNS) resumed its
Biennial Award & Appreciation Dinner on 6 August 2022
at d’Tempat Country Club, Sendayan. Negeri Sembilan
Menteri Besar Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin bin Harun was
the guest of honour. Joining him were State Exco Tuan Teo
Kok Seong, Mayor of Seremban City as well as directors
of JKR, JPS and SAINS (Figure 1). There were 350 guests,
comprising engineers, contractors, developers, industry
leaders, government officers, academicians, students and
business associates.
Figure 1: (From left) Ir. Shahrin, Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, Ir. Chong Chee Yen,
Ir. Ong Chin Loong, Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida, Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin bin Harun,
Datin Sri Hajah Wan Hasni binti Wan Yusof, Ir. Arthirah, Teo Kok Seong
(NS Exco), Ir. Richard Khoo, Ir. Kanna and Ir. Prem Kumar
Figure 2: Representatives from other branches
Also present were IEM President Ir. Prof. Dr Norlida binti
Buniyamin, Immediate Past President Ir. Ong Ching Loon,
Deputy President Ir. Prof. Dr Jeffrey Chiang Choong Luin,
Vice President Ir. Mohd. Khir bin Muhammad, Hon. Secretary
Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina, IEM COO Janet Lim and representatives
from branches including Melaka, Miri, Penang, Perak and
Southern (Figure 2).
SEPTEMBER 2022 41
Figure 3: IEMNS presented an
Industry Award to
Matrix Concept Holding Bhd.
At the dinner, IEMNS
Chairman Ir. Chong Chee
Yen presented an Industry
Award to Matrix Concept Figure 4: One of the
Lucky Draw prize winners
Holding Bhd. for engaging
best engineering practices in the construction sector
(Figure 3). The theme this year was Engineer’s Engagement
in the Recovery of Economy. In his speech, Dato Seri Haji
Aminuddin said the state government had designed
various programmes to help revive the economy after the
pandemic. The efforts yielded results with over RM6 billion
investments recorded during the first half of 2022.
Engineers are important human resources to design,
construct, develop and operate industries. Their roles will
drive the economy. Dato Seri Haji Aminuddin also thanked
IEMNS for continuously organising technical seminars
and visits. Even the pandemic did not stop IEMNS from
conducting online technical talks and discussions. Lastly,
he expressed gratitude to IEMNS, especially its Immediate
Past Chairman Ir. Dr Oh Seong Por, for providing funds to
purchase food baskets for distribution to needy families
during the pandemic.
During the event, a live band entertained diners with
fine music and songs. In addition, the Menteri Besar’s wife
and Dr Oh took turns to give away 25 lucky draw prizes to
winners (Figure 4).
 Engineering

Engineering
TEMUDUGA PROFESSIONAL
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS, MALAYSIA • JURUTERA
SEPTEMBER 2022 43

Tarikh: 10 Ogos 2022 101925 NADIA ZAHIRAH BINTI ABD RAJIED BE HONS (CURTIN) (ELECTRICAL POWER,
2009)
Kepada Semua Ahli,
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK
SENARAI CALON-CALON YANG LAYAK MENDUDUKI 25879 NGU SZE SONG BE HONS (MMU) (ELECTRONICS, 2003)
ME (ADELAIDE) (ELECTRICAL, 2004)
TEMUDUGA PROFESIONAL / PENILAIAN KOMPETENSI PhD (GLASGOW) (ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS, 2014)
KEJURUTERAAN TEKNOLOGIS TAHUN 2022 100877 NURFADZILAH BINTI AHMAD BE HONS (UiTM) (ELECTRICAL, 2010)
PhD (UiTM) (ELECTRICAL, 2015)

Berikut adalah senarai calon yang layak untuk menduduki Temuduga KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA
Profesional bagi tahun 2022. 50757 LEE SHIAW JIEN BE HONS (CURTIN) (CHEMICAL, 2007)

Mengikut Undang-Undang Kecil IEM, Seksyen 3.8, nama-nama seperti

KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
tersenarai berikut diterbitkan sebagai calon-calon yang layak untuk menjadi 113105 AHMAD SYAFIQ HAQIM BIN SARIP BE HONS (UNIMAS) (MECHANICAL &
Ahli Institusi, dengan syarat bahawa mereka lulus Temuduga Profesional MANUFACTURING, 2013)
tahun 2022.
KEJURUTERAAN MEKATRONIK
Sekiranya terdapat Ahli Korporat yang mempunyai bantahan terhadap 93571 CHIA KOK SIANG BE HONS (UTAR) (MECHATRONICS, 2011)
mana-mana calon yang didapati tidak sesuai untuk menduduki Temuduga
Profesional, surat bantahan boleh dikemukakan kepada Setiausaha PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT
Kehormat, IEM. Surat bantahan hendaklah dikemukakan sebulan dari No. Nama Kelayakan
tarikh penerbitan dikeluarkan. Ahli
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL
Ir. Prof. Dr Zuhaina binti Zakaria 59896 HO CHEE WAI BE HONS (USM) (ELECTRICAL, 2012)
Setiausaha Kehormat, IEM
KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT 37914 YAU CHUAN SIM BE HONS (MALAYA) (MECHANICAL, 2008)

Nama
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
ALVONNA @ FARHANAH JAMMY
HAZLAN BIN ABDUL RAHMAN
HEMANG YU ABIT
IZHAM BIN ASHAB@IZHAB
MOHD TAHA BIN SUMAN
MUHAMAD AZRULANUAR BIN ZAKARIA
NUR HANIS BINTI HASSAN
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL
AHMADUL HADI MUHAMMAD BIN IBRAHIM
Kelayakan
KEJURUTERAAN PROSES
27315 SHOW PAU LOKE BE HONS (UPM) (PROCESS & FOOD, 2010)
BE HONS (UiTM) (CIVIL, 2007)
PhD (UPM) (BIOPROCESS, 2012)
ME (UTM) (CIVIL, 2019)
BE HONS (UKM) (CIVIL & STRUCTURE, 2000)
BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2003) PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI
BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2000) TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2010) No. Nama Kelayakan
Ahli
BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2006)
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
BE HONS (UiTM (CIVIL, 2010)
38707 LEE YUN FOOK BE HONS (UTM) (CIVIL, 2003)
MSc (UTM) (CIVIL-ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT)
PhD (UTM) (PROCESS PLANT
BE HONS (UNITEN) (ELECTRICAL POWER, 2007)
MANAGEMENT, 2016)

KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
MARK TAN SZE TIEN BE (QUEENSLAND) (MECHANICAL, 2015)
MOHD SHAMSUL ARIFFIN BIN RAMLI BE HONS (QUEENSLAND) (MECHANICAL, 2010)

PERMOHONAN BARU / PERPINDAHAN MENJADI AHLI KORPORAT Pengumuman yang

Nama Kelayakan ke-166
KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK
MOHD SAIFUL BIN NASERI BE HONS (UiTM) (ELECTRONICS, 2012) SENARAI PENDERMA KEPADA
WISMA DANA BANGUNAN IEM
PERPINDAHAN AHLI Institusi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua yang telah memberikan
No. Nama Kelayakan
sumbangan kepada tabung Bangunan Wisma IEM. Ahli-ahli IEM dan pembaca
Ahli
KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
yang ingin memberikan sumbangan boleh berbuat demikian dengan memuat turun
18392 CHAN KOK KENG BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 1999)
borang di laman web IEM http://www.iem.org.my atau menghubungi secretariat
48454 CHIA HUI CHING BE HONS (UNIMAS) (CIVIL, 2009) di +603-7968 4001 / 5518 untuk maklumat lanjut. Senarai penyumbang untuk
70316 GREGORY TITUS BE HONS (UNIMAS) (CIVIL, 2009) bulan Julai 2022 adalah seperti jadual di bawah:
89475 HANG KAH JOON BE HONS (KLiUC) (CIVIL, 2011)
101973 LAI SHI JIAN ME HONS (NOTTINGHAM) (CIVIL, 2016) NO. NO. AHLI NAMA
101993 LAU CZE HIENG, BRYAN BE HONS (CIVIL & CONSTRUCTION, 2016)
1 21289 MR. AINUL AZHAR BIN MOHD. JEMONER
23201 LIM CHEE SENG BE HONS (NANYANG) (CIVIL, 1999)
2 80677 MR. RAJA ANDIFARIZAN RAJA AHMAD
MSc (NANYANG) (INTERNATIONAL
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, 2004) 3 14337 MS. LIM YUEK LUH
112336 LIM YANG SOH BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 2016) 4 18540 Ir. RAMENDRAN S/O ULAGANATHAN
37095 MOHD HAZRUL FAEZ BIN RAHIAM BE HONS (UTHM) (CIVIL, 2011) 5 37019 MR. HUSSIEN BIN JUHARI
65301 MOHAMAD IKRAM BIN MOHAMED KHAIR BE HONS (UTHM) (CIVIL, 2013) 6 14639 Ir. SAIFUL BAHRI BIN SHARIF
54418 MUHAMMAD QAYYUM BIN AMRAN BE HONS (UiTM) (CIVIL 7 21440 MR. MOHD BAHARUDDIN BIN TAJUDIN
(INFRASTRUCTURE), 2014)
8 24891 MR. ROSHAN A/L THAMARAKSHAN
30152 TAN ENG KHAI BE HONS (UNITEN) (CIVIL, 2011)
9 13215 Ir. LIM CHEE KOK
94375 TEH KHEAN SIANG BE HONS (EAST LONDON) (CIVIL, 2011)
ME (UTM) (CIVIL - STRUCTURE, 2015) 10 3902 Ir. AB. MAJID BIN AZIZ

67014 THAI KIM SING BE HONS (USM) (CIVIL, 2017) 11 21285 Ir. NG WENG LIANG

45224 WIRA AZIZI BIN KADER BE HONS (UTP) (CIVIL, 2011) 12 21581 MR. LAW YAN CHEE
13 13254 MR. LIM JOO PERNG

KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIKAL 14 20117 MR. MOHD. YUSOF BIN AHMAD

64532 LAKSHMANAN A/L GURUSAMY ECE PART III (ENGINEERING 15 12809 Ir. DR MOHD SABRI BIN ABDULLAH
COUNCIL UK) (1999) 16 20719 MR. SU LAY CHIEW
MSc (UKM) (MICROELECTRONIC, 2000)
17 42504 MR. SATHIAMOORTHY A/L KANTHASAMY
PhD (UKM) (ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC &
SYSTEMS, 2009) 18 36316 MR. WONG YONG MING
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