SOCIAL STUDIES S.B.A.

Topic : Unemployment

Name of candidate : Damali Pryce

School : Titchfield High

Territory : Jamaica

Centre # :

Registration # :

Name of teacher :

Year of examination : 2022

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement 3

Introduction 4

Statement of Problem 5

Reason for selecting area of research 6

Method of Investigation 7

Data Collection Instruments 8-12

Procedures for Data collection 13

Presentation of Data 14-20

Analysis of data 21-23

Statement of Findings 24

Recommendation and Implementation Strategy 25-26

Bibliography 27

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I would like to thank my teacher who propelled me with his knowledge and
guidance and took me through step by step in order to complete this School Based Assessment
(SBA). Also I would like to thank my friends and family member who gave me courage through
their words of encouragement. Last but not least I want to thank god for giving me the strength
and the will power to do and complete my SBA.

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INTRODUCTION

The community of Manchioneal is a major community located in eastern Portland. The

community is a rural area built-around fishing and farming. The community includes

infrastructures such as a Schools, Police Station, Bank, Petrol Station, Health Centre, Post office,

Supermarkets along with numerous bars and shops. The researcher has observed that the

unemployment rate in the community of Manchioneal is very high.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

To what extent does unemployment affect the level of education received by members in

the community of Manchioneal?

AIM

The researcher aims to find the contributing factors to unemployment in this community,

how is unemployment affected by the level of education among the community members and

strategies that can be implemented to decrease the level of unemployment in the community of

Manchioneal.

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REASON FOR CHOSING THIS AREA OF STUDY

The reason for selection of the chosen topic is as a result of the high levels of unemployment in
the community of Manchioneal. I have noticed that the unemployment rate seem to be getting
higher each year.
.Many persons who are unemployed engage in negative which also affects other residents. The
researcher has seen this as a very enormous problem that needs to be addressed. As such the
researcher chose the topic to get a better understanding of the situation with an aim to find ways
in which it can be helped or solved.

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METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

The method used for investigation in this research was a questionnaire. According to the Oxford

English Dictionary for School, a questionnaire is a written set of questions asked to provide

information for a survey.

JUSTIFICATION OF METHOD

A questionnaire was chosen because it was seen as the cheapest method. It is the most

confidential way to collect data and it covers a wide sample in little time.

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DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT

Note to the Respondent

My name is Damali Pryce and I am a student at the Titchfield High School . I am presently

conducting a research on the level of unemployment in the community of Manchioneal and the

impact it has on the education level on the residents of this community.

I would like you to be one of the respondents in this study by completing the attached

questionnaire. I hope you can help me by answering the questions as sincerely and truthfully as

possible. You are not required to write your name. Please rest assured that all your responses will

be kept confidential.

Thank you very much in advance for your cooperation.

Yours Sincerely,

_______________

D. Pryce

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Questionnaire

Instructions: Please place a tick in the boxes [ ] below and place your response on the lines

provided.

1. What is your sex?

Male [ ]

Female [ ]

2. To which age group do you belong to?

18-25 [ ] 26-30 [ ]

31-40 [ ] over 40 [ ]

3. How long have you been living in the community of Manchioneal?

Under 1 year [ ]

1-5 year [ ]

6-10 year [ ]

Over 10 years [ ]

4. What is your highest level of education?

Pre-school education [ ]

Primary education [ ]

Secondary education [ ]

Tertiary education [ ]

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5. Are you employed?

Yes [ ] No [ ]

6. What are the major causes of unemployment among the members in Manchioneal?

Lack of education [ ]

Poverty [ ]

Lack of parental guidance [ ]

Lack of job opportunities [ ]

7. Do you think that inadequate education opportunities also contribute to the high level

of unemployment in Manchioneal?

Very Much [ ] In a little way [ ] Not at all [ ]

8. What do you think are the major effects of the high levels of unemployment in this

community?

Underdevelopment of the community [ ]

Increased levels of crime [ ]

Brain drain [ ]

Increased poverty [ ]

9. How can better education of community members impact the unemployment level in

the community?

Members can get qualified for jobs [ ]

More persons will start their own business [ ]

It will not help the situation [ ]

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10. The increased levels of unemployment may lead to drug abuse in Manchioneal?

Agree [ ] Disagree [ ]

11. What do you think can be done to reduce the high levels of unemployment in

Manchioneal?( You may choose more than one )

Provide skills training centers [ ]

Turning to agriculture [ ]

Provide small community jobs [ ]

Provide short term work programs [ ]

12. What role can the government play to aid the reduction of unemployment in

Manchioneal?

Put incentives in place to attract business investors

Improve the road so that investors will want to come

Use the community centre for skills training

Provide more persons with Farm work cards

Make short term work programs longer

13. In what way can community members play a greater role in reducing the level of

unemployment in Manchioneal?

Ensuring that family members attend and complete their education [ ]

Put pressure on Political representatives to effect skills training [ ]

More community members should get involved in agriculture [ ]

Capitalize on the fishing industry by opening more seafood outlets []

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 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

The community of Manchioneal is being negatively affected by unemployment. The

researcher has decided to investigate the causes of unemployment and its effects on the

community. The researcher will use a total of 20 persons in this sample. Each member of the

sample will be chosen to fit a set of criteria. This criteria includes; the person being a member of

the community for over a year; this will help the respondent have more experience with the

community and will know more about the problem, the person must be of lower or middle social

class; this will aid in the respondent being more likely affected by the problem, the person must

also be over the age of 18; this will mean that the person is able or of age to work. This method

is referred to as quota sampling.

The researcher will visit with each respondent at their homes to explain the purpose and

aim of the research, the researcher will leave a copy of the questionnaire and arrange a suitable

time to collect the answered questionnaire. The information which will be collected on the

questionnaires will be presented on graphs and charts, then analyzed by the researcher to make

recommendations to help resolve the problem.

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PRESENTATION OF DATA

AGE

20% 20%
18-25
26-30
31-40
OVER 40

20%

40%

Figure 1 above shows that the age group of 18-25 takes up 20% the responses, the 26-

30 age group takes up another 20% of the responses, the 31-40 age group takes up

40% of the responses and the over 40 age group takes up another 20%.

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 GENDER

30%

male
female

70%

Fig.1 above show the gender distribution of the sample members. Majority of the

sample is male , which takes up a 70% and female only taking up a 30%.

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What are the factors contributing to unemployment in the community of
Manchioneal?

Causes Lack of Poverty Lack of Lack of Job

Education parental Opportunitie
guidance s
% 60 20 5 17

Figure3, above is a table showing the major causes of unemployment in the

community. It shows that lack of education is dominate as it takes up 60%, poverty takes

up 20%, lack of parental guidance is of 5% and the lack of job opportunities takes up

15%.

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Responses Number of respondents
Very Much

In a little way

Not at all 0

= 2 persons or 10%

Figure4 above is a pictograph showing how many the respondents agree that inadequate

education opportunities contribute to unemployment. The bar graph shows that 90% of the

sample said it contributed very much, while 10% said it did in a small way and nobody felt that it

did not contribute.

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How is the community of Manchioneal affected by unemployment?

Figure5. Above shows the major effects of unemployment., it shows that 30% of the sample

chose underdevelopment of the community, 10% chose increased levels of crime, 30% chose

brain drain and 30% chose poverty.

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 DRUG ABUSE

20%

yes
no

80%

Figure6. Pie chart showing the respondents views on whether or not drug abuse is a major effect

of unemployment. 80% said yes and 20% said no.

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How can the level of unemployment be reduced in the community of

Manchioneal?

60%

50%

40%

30%
Percentage of respondents

20%
provide skills training centres
turning to agriculture
10%
create more jobs in fishing industry
provide short term work programs
0%
s e s
tre r try am
n ltu us r
ce r ic
u n d og
ing ag n gi kp
r
ain to hi r
tr ng fis wo
ills rn
i in rm
e sk tu o bs t te
id ej or
ov or sh
pr m e
te vid
ea pr
o
cr
Responses

Figure7. above shows that 10% of the sample thinks that providing skills training centers will

reduce the level of unemployment, 20% thinks that turning to agriculture will help, while 50%

think that providing small community jobs will have a greater impact and another 20% thinks

that to provide short term work programs will reduce this high level of unemployment.

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 INVOLVMENT OF COMMUNITY MEMBERS

15%

30%

Get family members educated

pressure political reps to start skill
15% training
get involved in agriculture
capitalize on fishing ind.

40%

Figure8. Pie chart showing respondents’ view on ways I which community members could help

to reduce unemployment. 15% felt that getting educated was the answer while 40% felt that

getting involved in agriculture would help. Another 15% felt that pressuring political

representatives to start skills training is the answer. Another 30% felt that capitalizing o the

fishing industry would offer a solution

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ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION OF
DATA

While investigating research question one, which is ‘What are the factors contributing to

unemployment in the community of Manchioneal’, the researcher has observed that 60% of the

respondents think that lack of education was the main contributing factor, 20% taught that

poverty was the main contributing factor, 5% of the respondents taught that lack of parental

guidance was the main contributing factor and the remaining 15% of the respondents taught that

the lack of job opportunities was the main contributing factor as shown in figure 3. On another

angle of the problem 90% of the respondents that lack of educational opportunities were a main

contributor to unemployment in community as shown in figure 4. The researcher believes that

the majority of the sample chose lack of education because it is the most common cause of

unemployment throughout the Caribbean, according to the Modules in Social Studies. In the

human resources chapter (page 183), it shows that the educational system tends to fail most

people who graduate from school at certain levels such as the secondary level. Because of the

information the researcher also noticed the evident of poverty being a major contributor, because

with the money to further education, unemployment will only continue and increase.

While investigating research question two, which is ‘How is the community of

Manchioneal affected by unemployment’, the researcher has observed that 30% of the sample

chose underdevelopment of the community, 10% chose increased levels of crime, 30% chose

brain drain and 30% chose poverty (figure 5), also 80% of the sample said that drug abuse was

another effect of unemployment as shown in figure 6. According to the Social Studies Essentials

(page 125) unemployment lead to less money being generated, this leads to the

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underdevelopment of the community and also leads to more unemployment. The Social Studies

Essentials also shows the above effects of unemployment as they are common to the Caribbean.

The researcher noticed also that the ‘brain drain’ effect of migration is affecting the community.

The ‘brain drain’ is when the skilled labour force of an area migrates due to job opportunities.

According to the Essential Principles of Business for CSEC, the Caribbean region has been

affected by this and it leads to a restriction in the economic development.

Further investigation onto research question three, which is, ‘How can the level of

unemployment be reduced in the community’, the researcher found that 10% of the sample

thinks that providing skills training centers will reduce the level of unemployment, 20% thinks

that turning to agriculture will help, while 50% think that creating more jobs in the fishing

industry will have a greater impact and another 20% thinks that to provide short term work

programs will reduce this high level of unemployment (figure 7). These solutions are supported

in figure 8 where community members felt that capitalizing on the fishing industry by opening

more seafood outlets would go afar way in reducing unemployment (30%) and getting into

agriculture (4)%). 15% of community are also encouraging that family members get educated .

The researcher believes that these plans will have a positive effect on the unemployment level in

this community as they are recognized in both the Social Studies Essentials and the Modules in

Social Studies. On page 125 of the Socials Studies Essentials it shows various was to deal with

unemployment which include providing appropriate and relevant training and development of

skills and labour intensive projects, along with encouraging small business ventures. In the

Modules in Social Studies, agriculture is shown to be a good way to reduce unemployment,

which is people tend to turn to agriculture as it very profitable and it allows ways to make

production cheaper and easier due to the many advantages that come from the agriculture sector.

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The researcher also observed that if the community members contribute in their unique ways,

unemployment would not be of such a high level in this community. For example a person with a

farm can ask a willing person to work at a rate that is affordable to both of them. Simple

arrangements like these can benefit the community and have greater impact on the members in it.

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STATEMENT OF FINDINGS
The investigation revealed a number of cause, effects and solutions to the unemployment level of

the community of Manchioneal. These include;

1. Unemployment in Manchioneal is mainly caused by caused by poor educational level

and poverty.

2. The main effects of Unemployment on the community are under development of the

community and Increased levels of crime

3. Unemployment can possible be reduced by ways such as providing skills training

centers and getting more involved in agriculture/fishing

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RECOMMENDATIONS & IMPLEMENTATION

The unemployment crisis being faced by the community of Manchioneal has shown to be

very serious and has a great impact on the community members. Working towards lowering the

level of unemployment in this community would require the participation of both the community

members and the government.

The essential recommendation to the problem is have community members

getting more involved in agriculture by way of farming and fishing. These are feasible as there

is:

1. Available land space for farming

2. An already established fishing industry

3. Ready market for these goods

Implementation

In order to reduce the problem agriculture can be one of the quickest and cheapest ways

to earn an income. To achieve this, the following steps can be followed;

STEP1. Hold a meeting with the community to make them aware of the possible solution and

the advantages it can have on the community.

STEP2. Arrange with RADA/Fishing Cooperative/Small business Loans agencies to get

registration for the potential farmers/fishermen/vendors and land rights along with material or

grants/loans to procure the necessary tools (seeds, fertilizer, fishing gears/ cold storage) to begin

the process.
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STEP3. Seek additional help for other government agencies to aid in the acquiring of land space

if need and also support for continuous growth of the community.

STEP4. Arrange with community members to assist with the cultivating on these farms/fishing

and also link with households and shops within the community to buy the product of these

industries.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dr. Alan Whitcomb, 2006, Essential Principle of Business for CSEC, United Kingdom, Pearson

Education Limited.

Mervyn C. Sandy and Stephenson C. Grayson, 2000, CXC Social Studies Essentials with SBA,

Study Guide and Exercises, Jamaica, Carlong Publishers (Caribbean) Ltd.

Rampersad Ramsawak and Ralph R. Umraw, 2005, Modules in Social Studies with S.B.A.

Guide and C.X.C. Questions Fourth Edition, Trinidad, Caribbean Educational Publishers.

Robert Allen, Suzan Rennie and John Mannion, 2006, Oxford English Dictionary for Schools,

England, Oxford University Press.

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