Lecture 15

Momentum transport problem for power law and Bingham fluid:

In this section, we will solve momentum transport problem for power law fluid and Bingham

plastic fluids.

Falling film on inclined plane

Fig 21.1 Falling film problem for non-Newtonian fluid

Initial steps are same as for Newtonian fluid solution which include make appropriate

assumptions. Find non-zero velocity components. Apply equation of continuity and

determine non-zero shear stress component. As we solve earlier vz = vz (x) and xz are the

only non-zero velocity and shear stress respectively.

Now using generalized equation of motion for Cartesian coordinate

z-component

(21.1)

(21.2)

(21.3)

Solution for power low fluid

(21.4)

(21.5)

Since vz is decreasing with increasing x so negative sign should be use

 (21.6)

(21.7)

Substitute equ (21.7) in equ. (21.1)

(21.8)

Boundary condition (1)

At

(21.9)

This Implies that

Now equ.(21.7) is

(21.10)

Tube Flow Problem For Power Law

Fig 21.1 Flow through pipe for non-Newtonian fluid

As we solved previously non zero velocity is vz which depends on r only. The non zero
component of shear stress is rz.
Apply general equation of motion in cylindrical co-ordinate.

(21.11)
Equ. (21.11) will give the solution further
 (21.12)

Boundary condition 1:
At , velocity profile is symmetric so

(21.13)
Substituting B.C 1 in equ (21.12)

(21.14)
Substituting equ (21.14) to eq (21.12)

(21.15)

Next boundary condition is

 (21.16)

This boundary condition leads to solution

(21.17)

So

(21.18)

Tube Flow Problem For Bingham Fluid

 Fig 22.1 Flow through pipe for Bingham fluid

For Bingham fluid

(22.1)

 =  when  ≤ 0 , r ≤ r0

(22.2)

This leads to solution

, Therefore constant
(22.3)

if   0, r ≤ r0

(22.4)

Here (+) sign will be taken when is negative

And (-) sign will be taken when is positive

In this case, is negative.

 (22.5)

Substitute the value of equ (22.5) in equ (22.1)

(22.6)

Condition for fluid movement

As we increase initial pressure P0 fluid will not move initially. But after significant value of
P0, it starts to move. This value can be calculated when rz is equal to 0.
From equ of motion

(22.7)
Equ. (7) will lead to the solution

(22.8)

So for initial movement of fluid rz = 0 at r = R

(22.9)
Fluid will flow in the pipe if

(22.10)

Now suppose P exceed the minimum pressure required for flow. We can calculate the
radius (r0) of region where fluid have constant velocity (v) which can be calculated by equ.
(22.8)

(22.11)

At
(22.12)

(22.13)

Eu.(22.13) shows that the effect of p to r0 region. Therefore as we increase the (P0-PL) the

plug flow region or r0 will decrease.

 Fig 22.2 Effect of differential pressure flow through pipe for Bingham fluid

So plug flow region will continuously decreasing with increasing pressure drop. Now,

solving the problem for Newtonian flow region

Where

r  r0 rz  0

(22.14)

(22.15)

Boundary condition

(22.16)
 (22.17)

Falling Film Problem for Bingham Fluid

Fig 22.3 Flow on inclined surface for Bingham fluid

As we solved this problem for power law fluid

Shear stress problem will be

(22.18)

Solution for Bingham fluid

 =  when xz < 0 , x ≤ 0

(22.19)
 xz > 0 , x  0

(22.20)

0 is unknown here but it depends on 0 which is fluid property

From equ. no (22.18)

xz = 0 , x = 0

(22.21)

For region (1) where

xz < 0 , x < 0

So  = 

This shows that

(22.22)

For region (2) where

xz > 0 , x> 0

Here is negative therefore we have to take positive sign.

(22.23)

(22.24)

Boundary condition

At x = , vz = 0

(22.25)

(22.26)
(22.27)