Name: MARCELO G.

CLARIN
Course/Year: BSMT / 2021-2022
Date Submitted:
Course/Subject: BSMT / NAVIGATION 1
Module No.: 1
Time Frame: 18 HRS
Lesson 1: Illustrate a navigation bridge and electronic navigational
aids.
Lesson 2: Describe the purpose of each electronic navigational aids
Lesson 3: Determine the fundamental principles, operational
characteristics and components in determining ships position

Lesson 4: Plot the coordinates derived from GPS, DGPS, AIS equipment
Lesson 5: Explain the significance of ensuring that the echo sounder
always correct and reliable information
 TOPICS TIME FRAME HOLDING
WEEKS HOURS
1. Introduction to different electronic WK1 – WK2 6HRS
navigational aids found inside the
wheelhouse or bridge

2. Fundamental principles of various WK3 – WK4 – WK5 9HRS

system related to determining ship’s
position such as Hyperbolic system,
Loran C, GNSS, GPS, DGPS, AIS

3. Principles of Echo Sounder WK - 6 3HRS

Navigation-1
Navigational Instrument
with Compasses
STCW Table A-II/1
STCW Table A-II/1
Function:
Navigation at the operational level
Competence:
Plan and Conduct a passage and determine
position
Present the lesson’s learning outcome and explain how students will be assed:
Learning Outcome:
1. The students must be able to illustrate a navigation bridge with correctly positioned and
available electronic navigational aids.
2. The students must be able to describe the purpose of each electronic navigational aids.
3. The students must be able to determine the fundamental principles, operational
characteristic and components in determining ship’s position.
4. The students must be able to plot the coordinates derived from GPS, DGPS, AIS
equipment.
5. The students must be able explain the significance of ensuring that the echo sounder
always correct and reliable information.
 Instructions
• Every session and discussion, ensure that all of the participants must listen
carefully and have the following materials and equipment's for immediate
use.
• Laptop computer, Calculator, Notes, Pencil, Triangle ruler, compass
divider etc.
• For clarification and verification concerning from our topics or discussions,
don’t hesitate to call me this cp no. 09184144285 or just message me in
our Group Chat. Please feel free to approach me as mentioned above
anytime.
• ILOs: At the end of the module, the students should be able to:
• 1. Understand the different electronic navigational aids found inside the
wheelhouse.
• 2. Understand the principles of various system related to determining ships
position.
• 3. Understand the principles and operation of echo sounder.
Module 1: Operate Electronic Navigational
Equipment such as GPS, AIS, Echo Sounder, Gyro and
Magnetic Compass

Topic 1:
Introduction to different electronic navigational
aids found inside the wheelhouse or bridge
 What is Navigation?
Navigation - is the process of directing a movement of ship from one place to
another taking the shortest, safest and most convenient route.
Branches of Navigation:
1. Terrestrial Navigation – is a kind of navigation which makes use of
landmarks such as lighthouses, buoys, headlands, or any object on the
surface of the earth as a means of determining the position of the ship.
A) Piloting – the art of navigating a ship in channel along coast and harbor
where landmarks such as lights, buoys, beacons and other aids to navigation
are available for fixing position.
B) Dead Reckoning – is the projection of present position, from a previous
position using known direction and distance.
 C) Electronic Navigation – the art of navigating a ship which involves the use of
electronic devices, like Radar, ARPA, GPS, AIS, and other electronic devices.
2. Celestial Navigation – the determination of the ship position by observing
celestial bodies such as sun, stars, moon and planets.
Problems of Navigation:
a) How to locate the position of the ship.
b) How to determine the direction necessary to proceed from one position to
another.
c) How to determine the distance, speed, and time while so proceeding.
• What is navigation equipment?
• Navigational instruments refers to the instruments used by nautical
navigators and pilots as tools of their trade. The purpose of navigation is to
ascertain the present position and to determine the speed, direction etc. to
arrive at the port or point of destination.

• Which is used for navigation?

• Compasses, which indicate direction relative to the Earth's magnetic poles,
are used in navigation on land, at sea, and in the air. Compasses were
being used for navigation by the year 1100s, and are still the most familiar
navigational tools in the world.
• Types of Navigation Equipment and Resources Used Onboard Modern Ships
• Gyro Compass: It is used for finding the right direction of the ship
• Radar: Radio Detection And Ranging
• Magnetic Compass: It is used for finding the right direction of the ship
• GPS: Global Positioning System
• AIS : Automatic Identification System
• ARPA: Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
• ECDIS: Electronic Chart Display Information System
• DGPS: Differential Global Positioning System
• LRTIS: Long Range Tracking and Identification System
• Speed & Distance Log Device
• Echo Sounder.
 History

The first record of boats large

enough to carry goods for trade
is around 3500 B.C. and from
this, navigation comes in the
picture.
When they did venture out of sight of land, the navigator was able to
determine his latitude (north/south direction) by observing the height
of the sun during the day and the North Star at night.

The first western civilizations known to have developed the art of

NAVIGATION at sea where the Phoenicians, about 4,000 years ago.
•For centuries ships have been used for various purposes such
as a mean of transport, to carry cargo, and for battles, etc.
Ships have been used for trade and travel since the earliest
times. Even today, ships have not lost their importance.
•Ships have several advantages over other means of
transport such as road an air. Still, ships are not easy to
use or maintain. The oceans can be quite treacherous,
and the passengers and crew of a ship need to be fully
prepared in case of emergencies.
•Various types of modern navigation instruments,
equipment, and tools are used in the current ships to
help the captain and sailors in the vast and treacherous
seas.,
•First navigators stayed close to shore and navigated by sight
of landmarks or land characteristics that they could see.
Usually they traveled by day and sought a calm harbor or
anchorage at night. They did not have charts but lists of
directions, similar to today's cruising guides.
Definition of Terms
AIS- Automatic Identification System
RADAR – Radio Detection And Ranging
ARPA- Automatic Radar Plotting Aid
ECDIS- Electronic Chart Display Information System
DGPS- Differential Global Positioning System
GPS- Global Positioning System
IMO- International Maritime Organization
LRIT- Long Range Tracking and Identification
GLONASS – Global Navigational Satellite System
SOLAS- Safety of Life at Sea
 STCW Table A-II/1

Note: After completion of our topic 1, topic 2 will be followed.

THE END