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Manualandinterpretationofssi May2017
Manualandinterpretationofssi May2017
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All content following this page was uploaded by Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed arip on 04 May 2017.
Email: aziz.shah@fppm.upsi.edu.my
HP: +6019-3388799
1.0 Background
The Student Stress Inventory (ISS) was developed to measure the level of stress among
university students. SSI contained of 40 negative items to measure 4 subscales (10 items for each
subscale) which are sub scale 1: Physical (10 items), sub scale 2: Interpersonal relationship (10
items), sub scale 3: Academic (10 items) and subscale 4: Environmental factor (10 items). As for
scoring, the SSI was designed with ordinal scale of the ‘Never’, ‘Somewhat frequent’,
‘Frequent’ and ‘Always’. The value mark given for each choices are 1 for ‘Never’, 2 for
‘Somewhat Frequent’, 3 for ‘Frequent’ and 4 for ‘Always’. The administration process will
approximately take 15 to 20 minutes only. The surrounding of the administration location should
be in the condusive and comfort place. The instrustion given should be clear and precise in order
to make the respondents answer the questions honestly.
The Student Stress Inventory (SSI) was composed by the researchers in this study based on the
combination of two theories which are The General Adaptation Syndrome and The
Environmental Stress Theory. The fundamentals, principles and main concept of both theories
were used to developed the main concept, scales and subscales of SSI
3.0 Reliability and Validity
To test the validity of the SSI, the authenticity method was carried out by experts. The panel of
nine experts who were assigned to assess the SSI was selected based on their expertise in the
field of education and counseling. There were 5 lectures from UPSI and 4 practitioners who are
counselor and teachers. The validity for all four subscales was also accepted by the experts.
Thus, the SSI content validity was high. The values of Cronbach’s alpha for all the scales in this
inventory were majority of expertise showed acceptable consistency as they were greater than
0.7 (Nunnally, 1978 as cited in Nor Azimah and Saharudin (2011).
Table 1 The validity of the SSI based on Expert Assessment Panel (n=9)
Table 2
Reliability of SSI (n=40)
Physical 10 .680
Interpersonal Relationship 10 .620
Academic 10 .842
Environmental 10 .806
Based on Table 2, the reliability of SSI had a high overall reliability coefficient of .857.
This coefficient value was high since the researchers consider a measure to have adequate inter
item reliability if Cronbach’s alpha coefficient exceeds .70% (Leary, 2010). The reliability of the
subscales of Physical and Interpersonal Relationship of the ISS was at a moderate level which
had a value of .680 and .620 respectively. However, there were high level on both subscales of
Academic ( .842) and Environmental (.806).
In addition to that, Table 3 below indicated the reliability value for each item in SSI to
measure the quality of overall item. As for Item 1-10 measure physical factor, 11-20 measure
interpersonal relationship factor, 21-30 measure academic factor and 31-40 measure
environmental factor. The reliability value showed as follow;
TABLE 3
Reliability of SSI Item
Based on the Table 3, the lowest reliability value was found at .850 on the item 23, item 36, and
item 37 under the subcsale of interpersonal and environmental factor. Meanwhile the highest
reliability value was found at .860 on the item 12 and item 14. Both shares in the same subscales
of interpersonal relationship. The values of Cronbach’s alpha for all the items in this sample
were majority showed acceptable consistency as there were greater than 0.7.
The respondent was greeted with nice greetings. The demographic information was asked to fill
out first before the administration held. Then, the questionnaire sheet provides the instruction to
make sure the respondent understand the purpose of the administration and if the respondent
consented, the administration continued. The nventory comprised of 40 negative items to
measure 4 subscales (10 items for each subscale) which are sub scale 1: Physical (10 items), sub
scale 2: Interpersonal relationship (10 items), sub scale 3: Academic (10 items) and subscale 4:
Environmental factor (10 items). The administration process will approximately take 15 to 20
minutes only. The surrounding of the administration location should be in the condusive and
comfort place and the respondent should answer the questions honestly. After completing all the
tasks, the researcher thanked the respondents for their participation and co operation
5.0 Scoring
As for scoring, the SSI was designed with ordinal scale of the ‘Never’, ‘Somewhat frequent’,
‘Frequent’ and ‘Always’. The value mark given for each choices are 1 for ‘Never’, 2 for
‘Somewhat Frequent’, 3 for ‘Frequent’ and 4 for ‘Always’. The 40 questions are rated on a 4-
point likert scale.
_______________________________________________________________
Ordinal Scale Scoring weight
_______________________ __________________________________________
Never 1
Somewhat frequent 2
Frequent 3
Always 4
__________________________________________________________________
6.0 Interpretation
In terms of score analysis and interpretation, SSI suggested those who obtained the score within
122-160 reflects having the severe stress, 81-121 reflects having the moderate stress and those
who obtained score 40-80 reflects having mild stress
Having a good of coping skills when Having a moderate of coping Having a bad of coping
feel stressed or feel that things are skills when feel stressed or skills when feel stressed or
out of control. Having a positive feel that things are out of feel that things are out of
attitude and high self afficacy. control. Having a moderate control. Having a bad
Having a good relationship with attitude and high self attitude and high self
people and able to adapt in new afficacy. Having an average afficacy. Having trouble in
environment relationship with people and relationship with people
partially able to adapt in new and not able to adapt in
environment new environment.
Could cause severe health
problem
Keep up the good attitude. Continue Avoid future life crises. Avoid future life crises.
the best way in handling stress. Minimize conflict with other Minimize conflict with
Always look after of yourself. Stay fit people, avoid taking on new other people, avoid taking
and healthy obligations or engaging with on new obligations or
new program of study. Take engaging with new
things easy and look after program of study. Take
yourself. Speak up, learn things easy and look after
stress management yourself. Learn stress
techniques. management techniques.
Ask for help, seek the
counsellor
ATTACHMENT
STUDENT STRESS
INVENTORY
Student stress inventory (SSI)
By;
Mohammad Aziz Shah Bin Mohamed Arip
Durrah Nadiah Binti Kamaruzaman
Azila Binti Roslan
Aslina Binti Ahmad
Email: aziz.shah@fppm.upsi.edu.my
HP: +6019-3388799
......................................................................................
STUDENT STRESS INVENTORY (SSI)
Directions: This inventory measures the stresses you have experienced in your study and
everyday life in your campus. There are no right and wrong answers. Read each statement and
circle the best describes your experiences.
1= Never (N)
2= Somewhat frequent (S)
3=Frequent (F)
4=Always (A)
Below is a list of the ways you may have felt or behaved over this semester. Please circle one
answer in each box:
Subscale 1: Physical
No Item N SF F A
1 Headaches 1 2 3 4
2 Back pain 1 2 3 4
3 Sleep problem 1 2 3 4
4 Difficulty breathing 1 2 3 4
5 Excessive worry 1 2 3 4
6 Stomach pain/nausea 1 2 3 4
7 Constant tiredness/fatigue 1 2 3 4
8 Sweating/sweaty hands 1 2 3 4
9 Frequent cold/flu/fever 1 2 3 4
10 Drastic weight loss 1 2 3 4
No Item N SF F A
Subscale 3: Academic
No Item N SF F A
Subscale 4: Environmental
No Item N SF F A
Thank You