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Computer 6 Activity Sheet

Quarter 1 – MELC 1
Week 1
Analog and Digital Computers

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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Computer 6
Activity Sheet No. 1 – Analog and Digital Computers
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6- Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 -

Western Visayas

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or
mechanical without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 -
Western Visayas

Development Team of Research Activity Sheet

Writers: Eladio J. Jovero Ariel L. Amado

Merman Francis T. Uy Rogelio D. Arcelon Jr.
Teodora C. Capitle
Illustrator: Eladio J. Jovero Ariel L. Amado
Mel June Flores Mary Clarence G. Madero
Althea C. Montebon
Layout Artist: Lilibeth E. Larupay Eladio J. Jovero
Rogelio D. Arcelon Jr. Merman Francis T. Uy

Division of Iloilo Management Team:

Dr. Roel F. Bermejo Ferdinand S. Sy.
Dr. Novelyn M. Vilchez Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque Lilibeth E. Larupay
Corazon C. Alarcon

Regional Management Team:

Ramir B. Uytico
Pedro T. Escobarte, Jr.
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez ii
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message

Welcome to Computer 6!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Computer 6 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner.
This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Computer 6 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator
on the agreed schedule.

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Name: ____________________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________________Date: ____________________

COMPUTER 6 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1

Analog and Digital Computers

I. Learning Competency
Describe what analog and digital computers are.

II. Background Information

Computers are available in different shapes, sizes and weights. Due to
these different shapes and sizes, they perform different sorts of jobs from one
another. They can also be classified according to their mode of operation:
Analog, Digital, or a combination of both.

ANALOG COMPUTERS – These are computers which can process analog

quantities which provide continuous information. They use them
continuously - changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as
electrical, mechanical or hydraulic qualities to model the problem being
solved. In operation, analog computers contain a mathematical model
of the problem. These are commonly used because of their speed.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS – These computers present physical quantities with

the help of symbols or numbers and provide us discrete information.
The input data is represented by a number and processes information
in digital form. The states of a digital computer typically involve binary
digits (0 and 1) which may take the form of the presence or absence of
magnetic markers in a storage medium, on-off switches or relays. These
are used because of their accuracy.
EARLY ANALOG COMPUTERS
The Abacus
About 4,000 years ago, the early Chinese invented a device that could
help people add and subtract large
numbers.

They called it ABACUS. It was

made up of beads that could move back
and forth on rods.

Figure 1.1 Abacus

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The Pascaline
In 1600’s French mathematician Blaise Pascal thought of a machine
that could add and subtract long columns of numbers without making a
mistake. During that time, he was working as an accountant for his father
who was a judge. Every time he made a mistake in counting the money being
paid to his father, he had to start counting all over again. In 1641, he invented
a machine, which he called Pascaline, to make his job easier. He finished this
in 1641.

Figure 1.2 Pascaline Blaise Pascal

3. Leibnitz Calculator
Years later, a German mathematician named Gottfried Leibnitz
invented a calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers.
He called this Leibnitz Calculator. It works almost like the Pascaline, but it
could also find the square root of a number.

Leibnitz Calculator

Figure 1.3 Gottfried Leibnitz

Jacquard’s Loom
In 1802, a man in France named Joseph-Marie Jacquard started using
punch cards in making patterns of cloth. He invented an automatic weaving
machine called JACQUARD’S LOOM. It followed instructions from punch
cards that were fed into the loom to create patterns on cloth. You have learned
from Jacquard’s invention that instructions can be fed into the machines just
like telling the machine what to do.

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Figure 1.4 Jacquard JACQUARD’S LOOM
Analytical Engine
In 1883, an English mathematician named Charles Babbage came up
with the idea of making a machine that could do many jobs by itself. He
worked on a machine called “ANALYTICAL ENGINE” which means “able to
figure out something by itself”.
Lady Agusta Byron, at that time, was working on a list of instructions
for the machine to follow. It is now called the computer program. She helped
Charles Babbage to develop the engine. To build the analytical engine
thousands of tiny parts had to be made perfectly so it was never finished.
Charles Babbage became known as the “Father of Modern Computers”
because of his great idea.

Figure 1.5 Analytical Engine

Charles Babbage

Tabulating Machine
Census is the process of counting the
population in a certain country. During that time,
in the United States, there were no available
machines that could help the people to gather data.
The Bureau of Census
took eight (8) years to
finish counting.
In 1887, an
American statistician
named Herman Hollerith
came up with a
“TABULATING MACHINE” that could do the
recording, compiling, and tabulating of data within
weeks. The tabulating machine also uses punch
cards in processing information. Figure 1.7 Tabulating Machine

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EARLY DIGITAL COMPUTERS

Colossus
The first fully functioning electronic digital computer was Colossus,
used by the Bletchley Park cryptanalysts from February 1944.
From very early in the war the
Government Code and Cypher School
(GC&CS) was successfully deciphering
German radio communications encoded
by means of the Enigma system, and by
early 1942 about 39,000 intercepted
messages were being decoded each
month, thanks to electromechanical
machines known as ‘bombes’.

MARK I
Mark I was designed in 1937 by a Harvard graduate student, Howard
H. Aiken to solve advanced mathematical physics problems encountered in
his research. Aiken’s ambitious
proposal envisioned the use of
modified, commercially-available
technologies coordinated by a central
control system. Mark I was finally
delivered to Harvard in 1944, it was
operated by the U.S. Navy Bureau of
Ships for military purposes, solving
mathematical problems that until
then required large teams of human
“computers.”

ENIAC and EDVAC

The first fully functioning
electronic digital computer to be built in
the U.S. was ENIAC, constructed at the
Moore School of Electrical Engineering,
University of Pennsylvania, for the Army
Ordnance Department, by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly. Completed in
1945, ENIAC was somewhat similar to
the earlier Colossus, but considerably
larger and more flexible (although far
from general-purpose).

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 The EDVAC was completed six years later, but not by its originators,
who left the Moore School to build computers elsewhere. Lectures held at the
Moore School in 1946 on the proposed EDVAC were widely attended and
contributed greatly to the dissemination of the new ideas.
UNIVAC
The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic
Computer I) was the first general-purpose
electronic digital computer design invented in
1951 for robot business application produced in
the United States. It was designed principally by
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the
inventors of the ENIAC. Design work was started
by their company, Eckert–Mauchly Computer
Corporation (EMCC), and was completed after the
company had been acquired by Remington Rand
(which later became part of Sperry, now Unisys).
In the years before successor models of the
UNIVAC I appeared, the machine was simply
known as "the UNIVAC".
PERSONAL COMPUTER
The personal computer was made
possible by major advances in semiconductor
technology. In 1959, the silicon integrated
circuit (IC) chip was developed by Robert Noyce
at Fairchild Semiconductor, and the metal-
oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor was
developed by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon
Kahng at Bell Labs. The MOS integrated circuit
was commercialized by RCA in 1964, and then
the silicon-gate MOS integrated circuit was
developed by Federico Faggin at Fairchild in
1968. Faggin later used silicon-gate MOS technology to develop the first
single-chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004, in 1971. The first
microcomputers, based on microprocessors, were developed during the early
1970s. Widespread commercial availability of microprocessors, from the mid-
1970s onwards, made computers cheap enough for small businesses and
individuals to own.

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Present Digital Computers

Personal Computer Laptop Computer Tablet

Smartphones

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1. Apply What You Have Learnerd
Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Choose your
answer from the words in the box above. Write your
answer in the space provided.

• analog computers
• digital computers
• personal computer
• ENIAC
• analytical engine

No. Description Answer

The first fully functioning electronic

1. digital computer to be built in the _________________
U.S. was ________________.

Charles Babbage became known as

the “Father of Modern Computers”
2. _________________
because of his great idea of making
the ________________.

______________ are computers which

3. can process analog quantitites which ___________________
provide continuous information.

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 The _____________ was made possible
in 1959 by major advances in
4. semiconductor technology by
___________________
creating the silicon integrated circuit
(IC) chip.

Computers which present physical

quantities with the help of symbols or ____________________
5.
numbers and provide us discrete
information are _______________.

Activity 2. Match Me

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Draw a line that will connect
the picture to its name and basic function.

Column A Column B

Colossus - The first

1. A.
fully functioning
electronic digital
computer in 1942

Leibnitz Calculator -
A calculator that
2. B. B.
could add, subtract,
multiply, and divide
numbers.

Analytical Engine -
A machine that can
3. C. “able to figure out
something by itself”.

Abacus - a device that

could help people add
and subtract large
4. DD D. numbers. It is made
up of beads that
could move back and
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forth on rods
 UNIVAC – the first
general-purpose
5. E. electronic digital
computer design
invented in 1951 for
robot business
application

Activity 3 – Identify Me

Direction: Identify the computer and brieftly describe its function. Write all
your answers in your activity notebook.

No. Printed Materials Answer

1. _______________________

2. _______________________

3. __________________________

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 4. _________________________

5. ___________________________

IV. Reflection
As a Grade 6 learner, give at least 5 advantages of using computers in
your studies. Write your answers in your answer sheet.
__________________________________________________________________

V. Answer Key
Activity 1 – Apply What You Have Learned

1. ENIAC
2. analytical engine
3. analog computers
4. personal computer
5. digital computers

Activity 2 – Match Me
Abacus - a device that Leibnitz Calculator - A
1. could help people add
and subtract large
4. calculator that could add,
numbers. It is made up of subtract, multiply, and
beads that could move divide numbers.
back and forth
Colossus on rods.
- The first
2. fully functioning 5. Analytical Engine - A
electronic digital machine that can “able to
computer in 1942. figure out something by
itself”.
UNIVAC – the first general-
purpose electronic digital
3. computer design invented in
1951 for robot business
application.

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Activity 3 – Identify Me. (Possible answers would be more less the same in the
following.)

1. Tabulating Machine – A machine that could do the recording, compiling,

and tabulating of data within weeks.
2. Personal Computer – It was made possible by major advances in
semiconductor technology. In 1959, the silicon integrated circuit (IC) chip was
developed by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor, and the metal-oxide-
semiconductor (MOS) transistor was developed by Mohamed Atalla and
Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs.
3. Mark I – It was designed in 1937 by a Harvard graduate student, Howard H.
Aiken to solve advanced mathematical physics problems encountered in his
research. It was operated by the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships for military
purposes, solving mathematical problems.
4. Pascaline – Blaise Pascal invented a machine that could add and subtract
long columns of numbers without making a mistake.
5. ENIAC - The first fully functioning electronic digital computer to be built in
the U.S. It was constructed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering,
University of Pennsylvania, for the Army Ordnance Department, by J. Presper
Eckert and John Mauchly. Completed in 1945,

VI. Links and other References

Wikipedia.org, Retrieved September 24, 2020, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer#:~:text=A%20person
al%20computer%20(PC)%20is,a%20computer%20expert%20or%20tech
nician.
Wikipedia.org, Retrieved September 24, 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIVAC_I Harvard.edu, Retrieved
September 24, 2020, from
http://sites.harvard.edu/~chsi/markone/about.html
Wikipedia.org, Retrieved September 24, 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC#:~:text=ENIAC%20(%2F%CB%88
%C9%9Bni,of%20numerical%20problems%22%20through%20reprogra
mming.
Wikipedia.org, Retrieved September 24, 2020, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer
Preservearticles.com, Retrieved Sepetember 23, 2020 from
https://www.preservearticles.com/computer/what-are-the-main-five-
characteristics-of-digital-computers/15205
Jovero, Eladio J., BSA 300 Computer Worktext 2017Page 8 - 10
http://sites.harvard.edu/~chsi/markone/about.html

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