WORKSHEET FOR THE PRIMARY VS SECONDARY SOURCES OF THE TEJEROS CONVENTION (1897)

Primary sources: Santiago Alvarez’ Secondary sources: Teodoro Agoncillo’s

Memoirs of a General Revolt of the Masses.
Born in Imus, Cavite on July 25, 1872 Born in Lemery, Batangas on November
and died on October 03, 1930 in San 09, 2912 the child of Pedro Agoncillo
Pablo, Laguna at the age of 58 the and Feliza Andal and died on January
only child of Mariano Alvarez and 14, 1985 at the age of 72. Known as
Nicolasa Virata. He is a delegado one of the greatest and most important
general of the provincial council of Filipino Historians of our time. Take
the Katipunan in Cavite. He then up his bachelor’s degree in Philosophy
became the commander in chief of the and Master’s degree in the Art at the
Background Author’s
Magdiwang forces and fought the University of the Philippines. He
Spaniards from 1896-2897. During the published the Revolt of the masses:
American occupation he then The story of Bonifacio and the
established the Nacionalista Party and Katipunan. He is known for his
then later became the president of its Filipino-centric style of writing
directorate. One of his written works history of the Philippines. He was
is title The Katipunan and the awarded as the National Scientist of
Revolution: Memoirs of a General. the Philippines.
When was the account written?(Context) The account was started written on The account was started written on
March 14, 1896 when Emilio Aguinaldo 1947 anchoring the sense of the
was become a member of the secret present onto the past. The account
organization that initiated by Andres then published in 1956 wherein this is
Bonifacio himself. This memoir is a the time when Rizal’s legacy is being
product of the close proximity because debated.
he was able to keep notes about the
experiences that happened. Written at
the same time as the event occurred to
the major personalities of the
revolution at the time that he was
fifty years old that is the time that
Alvarez completed his work and in 1920

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 the account was published.
Mention of Place  San Francisco de Malabon  Talisay, Batangas
 Village of Bakaw  Nasugbo, Batangas
 Tarik fortifications in Santa  Tuwi, Batangas
Cruz de Malabon  Look, Batangas
 Dalahikan fortifications in  San Francisco de Malabon
Noveleta  Noveleta
 Seashore of Noveleta and Salinas  Kawit
 Tejeros to Terike  House of Juan Castañeda in Imus
 Imus to Kawit  Estate house of Tejeros
 Tanza Parish house  Town of Salinas
 Mountain Cannons
Key Personalities  Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras  Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio  General Emilio Aguinaldo
 Mariano Alvarez  Supremo Andres Bonifacio
 Santiago Alvarez  President Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Pascual Alvarez  Daniel Tirona
 Ariston Villanueva  Severino De las Alas
 Mariano C. Trias  Antonio Montenegro
 Diego Mojica  Captain General Ricarte
 Emiliano R. De Dios
 Artemio Ricarte
 Luciano San Miguel
 Pablo Mojica
 Severine de las Alas
 Santiago Rillo
 President Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Daniel Tirona
 Cayetano Topacio
 General Apoy
 Major Pio Baluyot
 General San Miguel
 General Vibora
 General Santos Nocon

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  Francisco Arnaldo
 Juan Brosas
 Lucio Poblete
 Nicomedes Esguerra
 General Pio Del Pilar
 General Emilio Aguinaldo
Sequencing of events(use separate
sheet)
The Memoirs of a General is written The Revolt of the masses is written
based on the author’s experiences and based on others written account that
testimony of witnesses that personally and not form the actual experiences of
Differences between the two accounts witnessed the incidents mostly the authors and testimonies.
centralizing on the happenings on the
convention.

The account includes iteration and the
convention at some point it is vague
because of the lack of adjective in
explaining the circumstances. Though
at some point the account was not
YOUR OWN ANALYSIS of the differences comprehensive enough to fully tell
between two accounts what happened before and after the
event, this account provides a direct
experience to the event and it speak
for the thinking of what the author
and the witnesses feel in witnessing
the event.
This account is quite detailed because
of the different sources that gathered
by the author, and it was explained to
how the election had been null and
void. This account stretched out
Bonifacio’s thoughts and feelings at
the problems they faced and the result
of the election. This account totally
gives a different point of views as to
the primary source.

Sequencing of the events:

Primary source: Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs of a General.

1. The assembly at Tejeros was convened on March 25, 1897 were both Madalo and Magdiwang faction attended and the
convention was preside by Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras.

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 2. They discuss in how to secure the area that being secured under the Magdiwang control, later debate whether to
establish the Katipunan or not.
3. A conflict happen between General Apos and Antonio Montenegro a chaos in the meeting happen but later on had
been put to control and the meeting continue and being lead by Supremo Andres Bonifacio. The election of official
continues and Bonifafcio clearly remarked on accepting the result regardless of the winner’s state in life.
4. Bonifacio won the position for the Secretary of the Interior and its starts a conflict between Bonifacio and and
Daniel Tirona. Tirona completely condemn to the agreement of the majority votes and it gives a humiliation to the
part of Bonifacio.
5. Bonifacio declared the results of the meeting null and void, which ended the first day of the Tejeros
Convention.
6. On the day after the tumultuous convention Baldomero Aguinaldo convinced members of the Magdiwang to reconvene
the disrupted meeting for the purpose of revalidate the proceedings of the election and make amends with one
another. They waited until five of that afternoon but none of the members of the Magdalo, not even their President
came to the meeting.
7. The next morning March 27, 1897, rumoured spread that the Magdalo organized a meeting of their own where the
officials elected during the Tejeros Convention solemnly took their office without those elected from the Magdiwang
and witnesses that are spied in that meeting revealed that and that those elected at the Tejeros convention knelt
before a crucifix and in the name of the Holy Father, and officiated by Fr. Cenon Villafranca.

Secondary source: Teodoro Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses.

1. The Cavity is fighting to the Spaniards that being ruled by two factions the Magdiwang and Magdalo. The
Katpinunan suggest and called for the reorganization of two faction territories under each Katipunan faction but
both parties don’t want to be ruled over by the other.
2. An invitation to vist the Katipunan in Cavite has been sent to Supremo Andres Bonifacio, the first two
invitations he rejected it and after the third invitation he finally decided to come. Upon arriving at the Imus,
Cavite he was welcomed by the Magdalo faction and upon seeing Vicente Fernandez he immediately ordered an arrest to
Vicente however he doesn’t have an influence to the Magdalo and his order wasn’t permitted. After that encounter
Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano Alvarez to explain what happened in that incident.
3. Because of the dispute between the two factions the Katipunan lost to Polavieja. For this they called for
convention in Imus however the assembly yielded no result.

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 4. On March 22, 1897 the Magdiwang called for another convention at Tejeros to discuss on what defense strategies
need to protect the Cavite and it was lead by Jacinto Lumbreras. Debate happen whether to change the form of
government the Katipunan establish or not, Lumbrera sense that the situation is getting out of hand he immediately
request for recess.
5. An hour passes by and the assembly resume the chairmanship of the meeting has been given to Andres Bonifacio.
The call on new form of government has been granted by Bonifacio emphasizing to respect the decision of the
majority. Then after an election to select new officers has been held to who will govern the new form of government
instituted as the Republic of the Philippines, there and then Bonifacio stated that the winner who got the most
votes must be respected regardless of the winner’s state in life.
6. Bonifacio won the position for the Director of the Interior and its starts a conflict between Bonifacio and
Daniel Tirona. Tirona completely condemn to the agreement of the majority votes and it gives a humiliation to the
part of Bonifacio.
7. Bonifacio declared the results of the meeting null and void, which ended the Tejeros Convention. Later to that
to his express his despair on not getting the Presidency which he believed he should be because he is the initiator
of the revolution, Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano Alvarez regarding his disappointment and also shared his
feeling to his friend Emilio Jacinto.

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