Primary vs.

Secondary
Sources on Tejeros
Convention (1897)
 PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ TEODORO
“MEMOIRS OF A AGONCILLO’S
GENERAL” “REVOLT OF THE
MASS”
 AUTHOR’S
BACKGROUN
D
 PRIMARY SOURCES :
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A
GENERAL”
• BORN: July 25, 1872
• WHERE: Cavite, Philippines
• DIED: October 30, 1930
• WHERE: San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines
• Was a son of the revolutionary leader
Mariano Alvarez.
• He became Captain General of the
Magdiwang forces and fought with
distinction against Spain in the battles of
1896-1807
• He was a revolutionary general a founder
and honorary president of the first
directorate of the Nationalista Party also
known as “KIDLAT NG APOY” (LIGHTING
OF FIRE).
• He was a member of the Katipunan
Secret Society.
SECONDARY SOURCE:
TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
MASS”
• BORN: November 9, 1912
• WHERE: Lemery, Batangas, Philippines
• DIED: January 14, 1985
• WHERE: San Pablo, Laguna, Philippines
• He renowned as Filipino historian and
national scientist.
•  He wrote more than 20 books and a lot
more articles about the history of the
Philippines.
• He was one of the “Ten Outstanding Young
Men (TOYM)”, of the Junior Chamber of
the Philippines in 1963.
• He was conferred as a National Scientist in
1985.
• He was “Distinguished Scholar of the
University of the Philippines” in 1968.
 PRIMARY SOURCES :
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A
GENERAL”
Works
- The Katipunan and the Toledo
Revolution: Memoirs of a General.
- Recalling the Toledo Revolution:
Memoirs of a Filipino General.
SECONDARY SOURCE:
TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE MASS”
Works
- The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of
Bonifacio and the Katipunan (mainly a biography
of Andres Bonifacio, 1956)
- Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic (sequel to
Revolt of the Masses which discusses the events
from Biak-na-Bato to the end of the Philippine–
American War, 1960)
- The Fateful Years: Japan's Adventure in the
Philippines (Philippine history during World War
II, two volumes, 1965)
- History of the Filipino People (eight editions:
1960, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1984, 1986, 1990)
 WHEN WAS THE ACCOUNT WRITTEN?
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”

Published: Published:

1920 1956
In Sampaguita, a tagalog weekly and College of Liberal Arts of the
translated in english by Paula Carolina
Malay.
University of the Philippines

https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/3613857-the-katipun
an-and-the-revolution
https://kyoto-seas.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/490306.pdf
 MENTION OF DATE(S)
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”

March 25, 1897 January 2, 1897

The assembly at Tejeros was finally Bonifacio wrote from San Francisco de
convened. Malabon to his uncle in law Mariano Alvarez.

March 27, 1897 March 22, 1897

Eyewitness spied what happened during the Aguinaldo's Birthday and
night of March 26,1897 Magdalo soldiers leaded by Emilio Aguinaldo
Faced Spaniards in Salitran (a Bario between
Imus and Dasmariñas).
 MENTION OF PLACE
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A GENERAL” TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE MASS”

Cavite
Noveleta
San Francisco de Malabon
Naik
Cavite Kawit
Santa Cruz de Malabon Maragondon
Mountains of montalban
Mariquina
Zapote
Imus
Morong
San Juan del Monte
Salitran
Tanza
 KEY PERSONALITIES
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”

• Supremo Andres Bonifacio- • Supremo Andres Bonifacio-

• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Daniel Tirona- Break the meeting rules
and insulted the elected Jose del
Rosario
• Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo- leader of
Magdalo
• Santiago V. Alvarez (Magdiwang)
• Maraino Alvarez
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Daniel Tirona- Breakt the meeting rules
and insulted the elected Jose del Rosario
• Pres. Baldomero Aguinaldo- leader of
Magdalo
 SEQUENCING
PRIMARY SOURCES :
OF EVENTS
SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”
• The Tejeros Convention was the • Katipunan in Cavite divide into 2 factions:
meeting held on March 22, 1897 Magdalo and Magdiwang
between the Magdiwang and Magdalo
factions of the Katipunan at San • Bonifacio invited by Magdiwang to visit
Francisco de Malabon, Cavite. Cavite.
• Misunderstanding exist between 2 rebel
• Misunderstanding arise between groups.
Andres Bonifacio and Daniel Tirono.
• Convention assembly in Imus.
• Those elected in Tejeros convention
knelt before the crucifix. • Eleccion happened

• Magdalo troops guard the oath-taking • Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano Alvarez
ceremonies inside the parish in Tanza. his uncle in law and Emilo Jacinto.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 ACCOUNTS
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”

Agoncillo covers up what happened before

the Tejeros convention happened. Also
The events that is given by Alvarez is more Agoncillo mentioned some different
on how the election goes and what significant battle before the Tejeros
happened during the election day in convention happened. He is pinpointing
Tejeros. Also in the given event, Alvarez some of important events that took place
doesn't mention any event that happened before or prior to Tejeros convention. Unlike
after the election was done. the events that is Alvarez has given,
Agoncillo's events has a different significant
dates also. He is just not pinpointing the
event in Tejeros convention but also the
events before the Tejeros convention.
 ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN 2 ACCOUNTS
PRIMARY SOURCES : SECONDARY SOURCE:
SANTIAGO ALVAREZ’ “MEMOIRS OF A TEODORO AGONCILLO’S “REVOLT OF THE
GENERAL” MASS”

• The text from this source is short than • It was more complex than the primary
the secondary source. source because it tell what are the things
happen before, during and after the
• The author is one of the member in assembly.
tejeros convention and I think is bias
because he only give his own perspection • Also, the author made a lot of
about his experience and the group accomplishment where he never been bias
where he belonged. Yet, the author is upon writing because he doesn’t belong in
the eyewitness. any group in in the context.

• Secondary source is more reliable.

 Group 1
BSN1-C

KAELA MERYL ESPAÑA

YEE MARIE DOVE RODRIGUEZ
JOED HILLARY TE
JENSEN CAÑETE
CHRISTIAN REX VILLEGAS
KATE DE LA PUERTA
MARY GRACELLE PERALTA
RO-ANN MAE DONDONAY