Elahmer Bartolay

Activity 4

  Then answer the following questions: 

1. How do the two documents present the same content? In what way they are similar or
different? 
2. Who/what is the source of the two documents?   
 In comparing the two accounts—which is almost similar, we need to check, examine, and scan
every single detail of the document jut so we could find important clues and clearly cite their differences
and similarities. And so, I decided to create table to clearly spot how distinct the two documents is from
each other rather than explaining it in a paragraph form. On top of that, we have The Katipunan and The
Revolution: Memoir of a General as our primary source, and The Revolt of the Masses for our secondary
source. The two accounts were written by different persons.

Primary Source: The Katipunan and
The Revolution: Memoir of a General
Author/s Santiago Alvarez
Background of  A revolutionary and Philippine
the Author/s Independence military, born in
Imus Cavite on July 25, 1872 and
died in San Pablo, Laguna on
October 30, 1930.
 Known as Kidlat ng Apoy (Lightning
of Fire) because of hi inflamed
bravery and dedication as
commander in the battle in
Dalhican, Cavite.
 Popularly acclaimed as the “Hero of arts from the same university the
the Battle of Dalhican”
 Founder and honorary president
for the directorate of the
Nationalist Party.
Date when  Alvarez wrote his memoirs in 1927,  It was written on October 1947 to
Account was it was published from July 24,
written 1927-April 15, 1928 in the
Tagalog Weekly, Sampaguita.
Secondary Source: The Revolt of the
Masses
Teodoro Agoncillo
 Filipino historian and national
scientist born in Lemery Batangas,
on November 9, 1912.
 A poet, essayist, editor, linguistic,
and a professor in many
universities.
 He obtained his bachelor’s degree
on Philosophy in University of the
Philippines Manila in 1934, and a
master’s degree in bachelor in the
following years.
 He earned his living as a linguistic
assistant at the Institute of National
Language and as an instructor at
the Far Eastern University.
 Considered one of the most
important historians of the
Philippines and was included on the
roster of the Order of National
Scientists in 1985 for his
contribution in Philippine History.
 He died January 14, 1985
January 1948 and was published in
1956.

Dates  Early part of November- the capitol  Early part of November- the capitol
mentioned was moved to San Francisco de was moved to San Francisco de
Malabon and later to Naik. Malabon and later to Naik.
  Middle of December 1896-
Bonifacio, his wife, and two
brothers: Ciriaco and Procopio
Bonifacio left for Cavite.
 December 31, 1896 – two factions
met and exchanged usual greetings.
 January 2, 1897- Bonifacio wrote a
letter from San Francisco de
Malabon to his uncle-in-law,
Mariano Alvarez
 January 1897- town fiesta of San
Francisco de Malabon, rebels
enjoying the afternoon games were
disturbed by series of riffle shot.
 March 22, 1897- Emilio Aguinaldo’s
birthday, battle raged and the
assembly convened at the Tejeros.
 March 25, 1897- assembly at
Tejeros finally convened
 March 27, 1897- eyewitness
revealed that indeed, Magdalo
faction held a meeting at Tanza
parish
 April 1897- Spaniards captured the
town of Malabon
Places  San Francisco de Malabon- city
mentioned where assembly convened
 Parish House in Tanza where the
rumored meeting of the Magdalo
took place
 Mid of December 1896- Bonifacio,
his wife, and his two brothers:
Ciriaco and Procopio Bonifacio left
for Cavite.
 December 31, 1896- Mariano
Alvarez, uncle of Bonifacio’s wife
aggravated the situation (at the
meeting)
 January 2, 1897- Bonifacio wrote a
letter from San Francisco de
Malabon to his uncle-in-law,
Mariano Alvarez
 January 1897- town fiesta of San
Francisco de Malabon, rebels
enjoying the afternoon games were
disturbed by series of riffle shot.
 March 22, 1897- Emilio Aguinaldo’s
birthday, battle raged and the
assembly convened at Tejeros
 March 25, 1897- Spaniards charged
Filipino-lines driving out rebels
with heavy losses
 mid-March 1897- the situation of
rebels were serious
 April 1897- resignation of
Governor-General Palaviejo;
Spaniards captured the town
 Cavite- rose in revolt successfully
 Mt. Montalban and Mariquina
 House of Juan Castaneda in Imus
 San Francisco de Malabon
 Santa Cruz de Malabon or Tanza
 Nasugbu, Tuwi, Look, Batangas-
under Magdiwang Government
 Kawit- Magdalo’s capital before it
 Estate-house of Tejeros
Key  Members of Magdalo
personalities Government:
 Baldomero Aguinaldo (President)
 Candido Tirona (Minister of War)
 Cayetano Topacio (Minister of
Finance)
 Emillio Aguinaldo (Commander-
in-Chief, President of the newly
formed government)
 Edilberto Evangelista (Lieutenant
General)
 Vito Bellarmino & Crispulo
Aguinaldo (Military Commanders)
 Members of Magdiwang
Government:
 Mariano Alvarez (President)
 Pascual Alvarez (Executive
Secretary)
 Emilliano R. de Dios (Minister of
the Interior, Pagpapaunlad)
 Mariano Trias (Minister of Grace
and Justice)
 Ariston Villanueva (Minister of
War)
 Santiago Alvarez (Commander-in-
Chief)
 Diego Moxica (Minister of
Finance)
 Artemio Ricarte & Mariano Riego
de Dios (Military Commanders)
Sequencing of  The assembly at Tejeros finally
events convened on March 25, 1897.
 Andres Bonifacio, the Supremo
won over Mariano Alvares as the
Secretary of Interior.
 There was heated conflict between
Andres Bonifacio and Daniel
Tirono.
 Magdalo members did not come to
the reconciliation meeting.
 The meeting taken place at Tanza
parish house and Supremo’s
decision was not respected.
 At the gathering in Tanza, newly
elected at the Tejeros convention
knelt before the crucifix.
 The Magdalo posted troops to
guard the Tanza parish house to
 Members of Magdalo
Government:
 Baldomero Aguinaldo (President)
 Candido Tirona (Minister of War)
 Cayetano Topacio (Minister of
Finance)
 Emillio Aguinaldo (Commander-
in-Chief, President of the newly
formed government)
 Edilberto Evangelista (Lieutenant
General)
 Vito Bellarmino & Crispulo
Aguinaldo (Military Commanders)
 Member of Magdiwang
Government:
 Mariano Alvarez (President)
 Pascual Alvarez (Executive
Secretary)
 Emilliano R. de Dios (Minister of
the Interior, Pagpapaunlad)
 Mariano Trias (Minister of Grace
and Justice)
 Ariston Villanueva (Minister of
War)
 Santiago Alvarez (Commander-in-
Chief)
 Diego Moxica (Minister of
Finance)
 Artemio Ricarte & Mariano Riego
de Dios (Military Commanders)
 The Katipunan of Cavite divided
into two factions, the Magdiwang
and the Magdalo.
 When Cavite led by its rival faction,
successfully rose in revolt, the
leaders fell into dispute arising from
the desire of one group to lord it
over.
 Magdiwang men invited Andres
Bonifacio to visit Cavite.
 The preliminary meeting arose
misunderstanding between the
Magdalo and Magdiwang leaders
and Bonifacio.
 Bonifacio was brought by rebel
leaders to the house of Juan
Castaneda in Imus.
 Misunderstanding existed between
 guard the oath-taking ceremony.
Differences
between two  There were (some) dates that were
accounts not mentioned.
 The account focused mainly on
what had happened on the election.
 The author of this account was part
of the Magdiwang Council that only
means it is from his own
experience.
 The author described/ provided a
description of what the estate-
house looked like.
the Magdalo and Magdiwang
followers.
 Magdalo group strenuously
objected and insisted on an election.
 The situation has not come down
and the Magdiwang planned to hold
another convention.
 Andres Bonifacio and Daniel Tirona
accident
 Andres Bonifacio wrote to his uncle-
in-law.
 Andres Bonifacio discovered the
dirty works of the meeting.
 Overall, there were 9 dates
mentioned with additional
information. April 1897, to be
specific, there was additional
information that “Governor-General
Blanco resigned and feigned ill
health to save face” also the period
when the “Spaniards captured the
town”.
 The account states the events
clearly and more systematized. On
top of that, it mentioned the events
before or prior to the said
convention.
 The author of this account was not
part of the council and was not in
the time the event took place,
instead visited the place where the
famous Tejeros convention
happened.
 (The author found a source)
Former occupant of the estate,
Arsenio Salvador, 68, provided oral
description of the estate-house and
a floor plan was provided.

More importantly, for the similarities, I think both accounts aims to help present times people to
connect with the past and learn from it, and remember how our heroes fought for our country. Teodoro
Agoncillo, the author of the The Revolt of the Masses, says that he wrote this “to hook the past into the
present”. As for Santiago Alvarez, since he wrote this account, this source, and book, it was all from his
experience and it’s commendable and amazing how he was able to write the events that took place despite
how things have turned so fast and into something more than just being tragedy. For the source of the two
documents, I must say—after checking who they are and looking through information I could find about
them, that they were their own source, source of these two documents. Santiago Alvarez was there, he
was a member of Magdiwang Council and so he witnessed the events, the exchange of words, their faces,
and what had happened back there and write what he saw. Moreover, Teodoro Agoncillo, he wrote based
on the evidences, proofs, and facts he could find, notably, finding a source that could provide him with
oral description about what and how an estate-house looks like.
References:

"Biography of Santiago Álvarez <small>(1872-1930)</small> - TheBiography.us.".

Ilao, Cesar (2021). "History from our perspective: The legacy of historian Teodoro Agoncillo -
FlipScience - Top Philippine science news and features for the inquisitive Filipino..".