ZETH HARVEY L.

CADAG
BSEE – 2A 21132326

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez “Memoirs of a General”

Secondary Source: Teodoro Agoncillo “Revolt of the Masses”

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

Santiago Alvarez “Memoirs of a Teodoro Agoncillo “Revolt of the
General Masses”

 Born: July 25, 1872 at Cavite,  Born: November 9, 1912 at

Philippines Lemery, Batangas, Philippines

 Died: October 30, 1930 at San  Died: January 14, 1985 at San
Pablo, Laguna, Philippines Pablo, Laguna, Philippines

 Cause of Death: He was buried in  Known as: Prominent Filipino

North Cemetery at the age of 58 after historian, essayist, poet, short story
passing away from paralysis. author, editor, professor, and
national scientist.
 He participated in the battles
against Spain as a Captain General of  More than 20 books have been
the Magdiwang forces (1890 - 1807) written about the history of the
Philippines in his articles and books.
Author’s Background  His Father: Leader of the
revolution Mariano Alvarez  He was a renowned scholar at
the University of the Philippines in
1968.
 In addition, he was a revolutionary
general, the Nationalista Party's
founder and honorary president (also
known as the kidlat ng Apoy due to
his ferocious bravery and devotion as
the commander of Cavite's illustrious
battles), and a member of the
katipunan secret society.
  He was honored in the modern-day
Cavite City as the Dalahican Battle
Hero.

When was the account  The account was originally  The account was originally
written? published in 1920. published in 1956.

 January 2, 1897 – Where

Bonifacio wrote a letter for his in-law
at San Francisco de Malabon
(named Mariano Alvarez)

 March 25, 1897 – They gathered in  January 1897 – Fiesta of San

Mention of Date/s Tejeros for an assembly. Francisco de Malabon

 March 22, 1897 – In Salitran,

Emilio Aguinaldo led the Magdalo
soldiers in combat with the Spanish.
Aguinaldo's birthday is also today.

 Batangas' Talisay town,

Nasugbo, Tuwi, Look, Cavite, San
 Cavite Francisco de Malabon, Naik, Kawit,
Mention of place/s Imus, Maragondon, Noveleta, the
Montalba Mountains, Mariquina,
Zapote, Morong, San Juan del
Monte, the Tejeros estate house,
Salinas, Tanza, and Sta Cruz de
Malabon.

Magdiwang: Magdiwang Officers:

 Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras –  Mariano Alvarez – President
Magdiwang council  Pascal Alvarez – Executive
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio Secretary
 Mariano Alvarez  Emiliano Reigo de Dios –
Key personalities
 Pascual Alvarez Minister of the Interior
 Ariston Villanueva – Secretary of (pagpapaunlad)
War  Mariano Trias – Minister of Grace
 Mariano C. Trias and Justice
 Diego Mojica  Ariston Villianueva – Minister of
War
 Emiliano R. de Dios
 Santiago Alvarez – Commander
 Santiago V. Alvarez
in Chief
 Artemio Ricarte
 Diego Moxica – Minister of
  Santos Nocon Finance
 Luciano San Miguel  Artemio Ricarte and Mariano
 Pablo Mojica Reigo – Military Commanders with
the rank of Brigadier-General
 Serevino de las Alas
 Santiago Rill
Magdalo Officers:
 Baldomero Aguinaldo –
Magdalo:
President
 Baldomero Aguinaldo
 Candido Tirona – Minister of War
 Daniel Tirona
 Cayetano Topacio – Minister of
 Cayetano Topocio Finance
 Antonio Montenegro  Emilio Aguinaldo – Commander
 Captain General Apoy in Chief
 Major Damaso Fojas  General Blanco – The one who
 General Vibora moved the Capital of Magdiwang
 Josephine from Noveleta to San Francisco de
Malabon and later to Naik.
 Jose del Rosario
 Andres Bonifacio – Supreme
 Fr. Cermo Villafranca
head of Katipunan
 Fr. Manuel Trias
 Esteban San Juan – One who
invited Andres Bonifacio to attend
the demonstration of the Magdiwang
rebels in Noveleta
 Santon Nocon and Mrs.
Estefania Potente – The owners of
the house where Andres Bonifacio
quartered until the Spaniards
captured the town in April 1897.
 Edilberto Evangelista, Lieutenant
General, Vito Belarmino and
 Crispulo Aguinaldo – Military
Commanders with the rank of
Brigadier-General

Santiago Alvarez, who is he? Why is his writing regarded as a primary source?
 He is a general, honorary president, and founder of the first directorate of the
Nacionalista party. His alias was "Kidlatng Apoy," and he rose to fame for his valor
and bravery in the Cavite battles. He is the offspring of Mariano Alvarez, a
revolutionary general. As a result of his presence there when the incident occurred,
his writings are primary sources. An excellent and important account of the
Philippine Revolution from a significant eyewitness.
Do you know Teodoro Agoncillo? Why is his writing considered a secondary
source?
 He is a well-known Filipino historian from the 20th century. He was one of the
first Filipino historians, along with his contemporaries Renato Constantino, to be known
to have adopted a distinctly nationalistic perspective on Philippine history. He was a
well-known Philippine historian of the 20th century, and his writings on the "Tejeros
Convention" are secondary sources. Due to the fact that Agoncillo was not present, his
work on the Philippine Revolution must necessarily be considered secondary. However,
his primary contribution as a historian is incidental.