ll

Chapter 9
Network/Email
Protocols, mobile-
wireless technology

l XII p SE o d
 Network Protocols

Ne rk r l are sets of rules and regulations that

dictate how to format, transmit and receive data on
computer network devices – like servers, routers to
endpoints -- can communicate regardless of the
differences in their infrastructures, designs or
standards
To successfully send or receive information, network
devices must accept and follow protocol conventions
 Network Protocols

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 Network Protocols

IPv4 A R A

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 Network Protocols

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 Network Protocols

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 Network Protocols

FTP –
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 Network Protocols

How to work on FTP –

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 Network Protocols

Pr ctice ite r P
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em r We e lie t:
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gi i g y r w clie t wit P, P , P r t c l:
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FTP Port: 21
F S o t: 990
SF o t: 2222
Courtesy - https://www.wftpserver.com/onlinedemo.htm
 Network Protocols

i i l i e t r r t c l t t i m tly e
t r vi e c ecti ver i t t i t eri l li k PPP c e c ig re :
Asynchronous serial connection like Plain old telephone service (POTS) dial-up
y c r eri l c ecti like I tegr te ervice r igit l Netw rk I N r i t t
i t le e li e
PPP c i t tw r t c l: i k tr l Pr t c l P : et eg ti te c tr l
ti t e t i k yer I yer 2 A ter i i i g etti g t e li k, it e N P
Netw rk c tr l Pr t c l N P : eg ti te ti l c ig r ti r meter cilit te r
t e Netw rk yer I yer 3
Be re PPP c ecti i e t li e , t e li k m t g t r g t ree e e i
e t li me t:
1 i k e t li me t e: I t i e, e c PPP evice e P cket t c ig re
te t t e t li k
2 A t e tic ti e ti l:I t e tic ti i e le , eit er PAP r AP will e
e PAP AP re tw t e tic ti r t c l e i PPP
3 Netw rk l yer r t c l e: PPP e N P cket t c e c ig re Netw rk
yer r t c l I yer 3 t e e c l te e t ver t e PPP t li k
 Network Protocols

P t r y erte t tr er r t c l i e t tr er t cr
t e We It ll w er t e W rl Wi e We t e c ge i rm ti we
ge W e cce i g y we ge e teri g tt : i r t t e re tell t e
r w er t c mm ic te ver P
w It W rk
It is a connectionless text based protocol Clients (web browsers) send requests through
re e t e t tt t we erver r we ge im ge etc We erver re
cc r i gly t r g re e e t tt A ter t i cycle re e t re e, t e
c ecti etwee clie t erver cr t e I ter et i i c ecte A ew c ecti
m t e m e r e c re e t me r e c we ge

This diagram shows the

w rki g tt r t c l
W rki g wit erver
w rki g wit we
erver t
 Network Protocols

Remote login – A rem te l gi cility ermit er w i i g e c m ter t l gi t

rem te c m ter r i ter ct wit r gr m t er c m ter mm give t
rem te l c ti i r ce e y erver re lt i l ye ver rem te l c ti

el et el et i m t l r r t c l r cce i g rem te ite erver U i g tel et clie t

tw re r c m ter, we c m ke c ecti t tel et erver t t i , t e rem te
t ce r tel et clie t e t li e c ecti t t e rem te t, r clie t ec me
virt l termi l, ll wi g t c mm ic te wit t e rem te t r m r c m ter I
m t c e , we ee t l g i t t e rem te t, w ic re ire t t we ve cc t
t t y tem cc i lly, we c l g i g et r lic wit t vi g
cc t Ge er lly it i e i i e clie t erver y tem t i ter ct
 Network Protocols

Wireless/Mobile Communication Protocol-

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 Network Protocols

GSM- Global ystem for Mobile Communications, is a standard

evel e y t e r e elec mm ic ti t r I tit te
I r 2G cell l r etw rk r m ile e
It i iti lly t rte circ it witc i g etw rk, t l ter cket
switching was implemented after integration General Packet Radio
ervice GPR tec l gy well e wi ely e G M re e cy
re 900 M 1800 M
G M m ile e im c r cri er I e tity M le c r i ti y,
portable memory chip that stores information about you as a cell
e er it, t ere’ eve tee igit c e t t e ig te it
c try c e rigi , t e y tem c rrier i e er I
 Network Protocols

How GSM works-

A M ile t ti : It i t e m ile e
w ic c i t t e tr ceiver, t e
i l y t e r ce r i
c tr lle y IM c r er ti g ver
the network
B e t ti y tem: It c ect
m ile t ti etw rk y tem
It c i t t e B e r ceiver t ti w ic c t i t e r i tr ceiver le
t e r t c l r c mm ic ti wit m ile It l c i t t e B e t ti tr ller
which controls the Base Transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile
station m ile witc i g ce ter
Netw rk y tem: It r vi e t e ic etw rk c ecti t t e m ile t ti e
ic rt t e Netw rk y tem i t e M ile ervice witc i g e tre w ic r vi e
cce t i ere t etw rk like I N, P N etc It l c i t t e me c ti Regi ter
and the Visitor Location Register which provides the call routing and roaming capabilities of
G M It l c t i t e i me t I e tity Regi ter w ic m i t i cc t ll t e
m ile e i me t w erei e c m ile i i e ti ie y it w IM I m er IM I t
r I ter ti l M ile i me t I e tity
 Network Protocols

GPRS-General Packet Radio

Service, In GSM cell phone
systems, there will always be idle radio
capacity. Which is not being used
and it stays unused until other cell
phone users decide to make phone
calls. GPRS uses this idle radio
capacity to establish a data network
to be used for data transmission
(115 kbps).
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) & Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) are two
major components of GPRS network.
The GGSN converts incoming data traffic from mobile users (via the SGSN) and
forwards it to the relevant network, and vice versa. The Serving GPRS Support
Node (SGSN) to keep mobile users connected to the Internet and IP-based
applications.
 Network Protocols

WLL: Wireless Local Loop

Initially, the telephones were connected
via copper cables but with WLL
protocol telephones with WLL support
can be used while roaming.
When somebody calls from WLL to
another person, the Base Trans-Receiver
accepts the signal and sends it to Base-
Station Controller.
Controller decodes them according to given code and sends it to Base Station
Manager which sends it to Telephone Exchange. This gets back to a specific
customer on the same route via different Trans-Receiver.
However, this was quite inefficient when it has to cover a bigger ground, probably
that’s why it became obsolete.
Mo ile comm icatio
tec l gie
 Mo ile comm icatio
tec l gie
il , l k w c i et, i c m e t t t c tr l
everything going on in your smartphone and ensures it functions correctly
r ce r e ec re cl ck ee
A r ce r er rm ce m tly e e tw eci ic ti ; t e m er c re
t e cl ck ee A c re i eleme t t e r ce r t t im leme t e ec te
t k m rt e t y, c me wit m lti le c re c c re i e ig e t le
e ec te t k M re t e m er c re , m re e vier it c e g l c re
tw , c re r ct c re eig t , e c re i etc
P l r try evel
r g 665 e m t l r r le c i et t t re l ce r g 400 erie
Me i ek eli P70 emerge l r lter tive t r g c i et
P l r Mi R ge
r g 765 765G i t e ir t Q lc mm c i et wit i tegr te 5G m em
Me i ek G90 G90 ly l r Me i ek c i et i 2019
P l r ig
• Snapdragon 865 -The latest Qualcomm flagship that will be a part all 2020 flagships
Kiri 990 5G 990 i i t e c rre t wei l g i c i et i M te 30 P40 e
 Email Protocols

Email –Electronic mail is a facility that allows users to transmit messages across the
internet in fast and secure manner.

Email created using email client program->on press of send button ,it is delivered to
sender’s mail server through SMTP(Simple mail transfer protocol)->which further
transmit the same through internet to recipient’s mail server->whenever recipient’s
email client program’s inbox is opened, that email is delivered to inbox
through POP3 (post office protocols 3 version)->which user will read in
email client program.
 Email Protocols

SMTP – i r r r il r r r

li i i r r i i r r
 Email Protocols

P P – P i e Pr l ver i P P i r
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 Pr t c l r c t
& vi eo co fere ci g
VOIP – ice ver I ter et Pr t c l IP , i tec l gy t t ll w t m ke v ice
c ll i g r I ter et c ecti i te reg l r r l g e li e
IP ervice c vert r v ice i t igit l ig l t t tr vel ver t e I ter et I we re
c lli g reg l r e m er, t e ig l i c verte t reg l r tele e ig l e re it
re c e t e e ti ti IP c ll w t m ke c ll irectly r m c m ter, eci l
IP e I iti , wirele " t t " i l c ti c ir rt , rk , c e
ll w t c ect t t e I ter et m ye le t e IP ervice wirele ly
Advantages:
e t
Acce i ility
le i ility
ice Q lity
• Extra/Less Expensive Features
i v t ge :
Reli le I ter et ecti Re ire
P wer t ge merge cie
ac ivity
 Pr t c l r c t
& vi eo co fere ci g

ervi e r vi e y P – Phone to phone, pc to phone ,phone to pc,

voice t em il, i e, t ll ree m er, c ll ce ter lic ti , VPN etc

Pr t c l e r IP re
e i I iti ti Pr t c l IP c ecti m geme t r t c l
323 e t e ir t IP c ll ig li g c tr l r t c l t t wi e re
im leme t ti
Re l time r rt Pr t c l R P tr rt r t c l r re l time i vi e t
Re l time r rt tr l Pr t c l R P i ter r t c l r R P r vi i g tre m
t ti tic t t i rm ti
ec re Re l time r rt Pr t c l R P e cry te ver i R P
• Session Description Protocol (SDP) - file format used principally by SIP to describe VoIP
c ecti
 Wireless tec ology
BASIS F
I FI i AX
RIS N
Wi i i cr ym r Wirele i elity WiMA i cr ym r W rl wi e I ter er ility
It i wirele etw rki g tec l gy r Micr w ve Acce It l g e y t e I me
s iption t t e r i w ve t r vi e wirele 802 16 It i tec l gy t r r l g r ge
high-speed internet and network wireless networking for both mobile and fixed
c ecti c ecti
Protocol Uses CSMA/CA protocol Uses connection based MAC protocol
Li ns d and
Unli ns d cl ively lice e r t lice e lice e ectr m
Spectrum
ata
Transmission data at speeds up to 54 mbps data at speeds upto 40mbps
Rat s
Channel
fixed channel bandwidth of 20 MHz flexible channel bandwidth - 1 25 MHz to 20 MHz
Band idth
ei e er I 802 11 t r t r ie er 802 16y mily wirele
IEEE Standards
where x is various Wi-Fi versions networking where y refers to various WiMAX versions
c ver ge t 100 meter r N li e ig t c ectivity c ver r i ve
o a t r lic ti 30 meter r 25 kil meter Km r li e ig t c ectivity
i r c ver ge c ver ge re ve 600 re