LECTURE 2

CEMENT MATERIALS
Dental cements: are materials of comparatively
low strength, but are used extensively in dentistry
when strength is not a prime consideration.
Formed by mixing a powdered oxide with a liquid.
The liquids of these cements fall into four general
classes:
*Modified phosphoric acid.
*Eugenol.
*Polyacrylic and other polycarboxylic acids.
*Monomers used in resin cements. 1

They can be used to give:

1-A primary (luting) consistency used to hold
restoration as crown.
2-A secondary (thicker) consistency can be used
as
*Temporary filling material
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 *provide thermal or chemical insulation under
some restorations.
*provide support under restorations.

*Cementation:
1-Zinc oxide eugenol cements
Have a sedative effect on the pulp and are especially
useful for cementation on prepared teeth with
exposed dentinal tubules. -
composition..
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Powder….zinc oxide + rosin.
Liquid….. Eugenol or eugenol mixed with other oil.
Powder mixed with liquid all at once and mixing
time is 30 seconds.

Properties…
-provide good marginal seal.
-it has antibacterial effect.
-it has sedative effect.

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-low strength. Used for…
-temporary filling material.
-deep cavity dressing.
-pulp capping material.
-temporary cementation of crown and bridges.
-root canal filling material.

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2-Zinc phosphate cements
Oldest cement used since 1878, is used primarily for
final cementation in which high strength is
necessary. In this time not used because it cause
irritant for pulp, solubility in organic acids and oral

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fluids and lack of adhesion to tooth structure.

3-Zinc polycarboxylate cement

They are not as strong as zinc phosphate cements
but are less irritating to the pulp.
Composition…
Powder…zinc oxide or zinc oxide coated with solid
polyacrylic acid + magnesium oxide.
Liquid…is viscous solution of polyacrylic acid in
water + sodium hydroxide.
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Properties…
-shows proper chemical bonding to enamel and
dentin.
-slightly more acidic than zinc phosphate cements
when first mixed, but rapid rise in PH toward
neutrality in 24 hours.
-very little irritant effect on the pulp due to:
*Rapid rise of the cement pH toward neutrality.
*Localization of the acid.
-good thermal and electrical insulating properties.
-saliva reduces the bond considerably.
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Mixing…
90% of powder is mixed with the liquid in 30-60
seconds. The remainder of the powder is added to
adjust the consistency.
Mixing over a small area. Proper consistency is
creamy.

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Disadvantages…
-A clean dry surface is also needed.
-Short working time.

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4-Glass ionomer cements
Glass ionomer cements were introduced in 1972.
Strength, rigidity and fluoride release.
Uses…
Restoration.
Base and liner.
To attach composite resin to the tooth.
Luting cement.
Advantages…
Fluoride release.
Adhesion to enamel dentin.
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 Biocompatiable & help remineralization of dentin.
Coefficient of thermal expansion & contraction is
similar to that of tooth structure.
Disadvantages …
-Prolonged setting time therefore finishing and
polishing should not be during the first 24 hours
after application. -
sensitivity to moisture.
Composition…
Supplied as powder and liquid.
or powder and water.
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 or Encapsulated.
Liquid …is solution of 2:1 polyacrylic acid/itaconic
acid in water.
Powder…is calcium fluoroalumino-silicate glass.
In some products the acid is formulated in the
powder, the liquids of these products may be
water
or dilute solution of tartaric acid in water.
Properties…
-release fluoride>>> anticariogenic property.
-setting time 6-8 hours from starting mixing.
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-non irritating.
-main disadvantage is lack of translucency.
-mixing time 30-60 seconds.

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5-Hybrid ionomer cement
Also called resin reinforced glass ionomer.
Use …
-Permanent cementation of crown & bridges
to tooth structure. -post cementation.
-not recommended for cementation of composite
or all porcelain inlays.
Properties…
They combine the properties of glass ionomer &
composite resins:

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 -more strong than glass ionomer but less strong
than composite.
-less soluble than glass ionomer and more soluble
than composites.
-esthetically better than glass ionomer and less than
composites.
*High strength bases:
Are dental cements when used to provide
mechanical support for a restoration and
thermal protection of the pulp.
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Zinc phosphate, Zinc polycarboxylate, Zinc oxide
eugenol and glass ionomer.

*Temporary filling:
Zinc oxide eugenol, Glass ionomer and hybrid
ionomer.
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Calcium hydroxide cement
-A barrier to irritating chemicals and provide a
therapeutic benefit to the pulp.
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 -used for direct and indirect pulp capping &
protective barrier under composites.
Composition…
Base paste calcium tungstate
+ calcium phosphate
+ zinc oxide in glycol salicylate.
Catalyst paste Ca (OH)2
+ Zn oxide
+ Zn stearate in a sulfonamoide.

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Properties…
-Have low mechanical properties compared to high
strength bases.
-pH 11-12 (basic)
-2-7 minutes setting time.
-promotes the formation of second dentine
antibacterial activity.

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