LINERS AND BASE · Solvents rapidly evaporates leaving a film that protects
Side notes the underlying tooth structure
Caries - infectious disease Hyperemia Application Tertiary dentin – most difficult to bond · Applied with either a small disposable application or a Ideal preparation - .5 into the dentin cotton pellet · Thin coating of the varnish on the walls, floor and margin Introduction of the cavity preparation Dental liner , bases and cements are in a classification · Apply second coat of dental materials that provide additional protection for ————————————————————— the health and well-being of a tooth being restored. Dentin sealer/ Desensitizer ————————————————————————— Indications for use: Temporary filling cement · Treat or prevent hypersensitivity • Temporary filling cements are used when the restora- · Used instead of a varnish tion will have to be removed after some time. Most com- · Seal the dentinal tubules monly, temporary filling cement is selected for provi- · Ideal for use under all indirect restorations sional restoration prior to placement of a permanent fill- ing material. Application process: • These are fillings which are made of weaker cement. · Material used sparingly This are generally used during toot canal procedures, in- lays, and onlays. Used for very short period · Do not allow to contact soft tissues (HEMA and glu- taraldehyde) Cements for temporary restoration are: · Apply the dentin sealer with cotton-tipped applicator. · Zinc oxide eugenol cement · Apply over all areas of the exposed dentin · Glass ionomer cement ————————————————————————— · Zinc phosphate cement BASES ————————————————————————— · Dental bases provide pulpal protection LINERS · Stronger than a liner · Dental liners provide a thin barrier that protects the pulpal tissue from irritation caused by physical, mechanical, · Provides thermal insulation chemical and biologic element. · Supports restorative material · Suspensions of an oxide or hydroxide in an organic sol- · Release fluoride vent varnishes · Some maybe irritating to the pulp before the setting reac- · Lining cavities were used to reduce the passage of toxic tion is completed materials from restoration through the dentinal tubules · May be used in conjunction with a liner and “reduce” micro-leakage. · Do not have adequate strength ————————————————————————— · Too soluble for use as a permanent cement Varnishes · Varnishes are solution of natural or synthetic resin dis- 1. Protective base - protect the pulp before the restoration is solved in an organic solvent such as acetone, ether or placed chloroform. (Acetone and chloroform madali mag evapo- 2. Insulating base - protect the tooth from thermal shock rate) 3. Sedative base - soothe a pulp that has been damaged by de- cay or irritated by mechanical means. (Zinc oxide eugenol Indication for use: but pag nakaexpose yung pulp irritant na siya) · Seal the dentinal tubules · Reduces leakage around a restoration Types of base material: · Acts as a barrier to protect the tooth from highly acidic · Calcium hydroxide - Mild irritant cements such as zinc phosphate · Zinc oxide eugenol *this material is contraindicated in it’s use under com- · Zinc Phosphate posite resins and glass ionomer restorations. · Zinc Polycarboxylate · Glass Ionomer Composition: · Composite Resin · Natural gum – opal or rosin or synthetic resin dissolved in an organic solvent - acetone, chloroform or ether Indications for use: · Protects the pulp from chemical irritation by its sealing Considerations ability · Formulated to provide a fluid solution that can be readily · Stimulates the production of reparative or secondary painted dentin. · Compatible with all types of Considerations Application process - Can support amalgam condensation · Placed only on dentin - Can support overlying amalgam restoration · Placed directly over the deepest portion of the preparation - No moisture o Indirect pulp capping - Discard liquid when cloudy or forms crystals o Direct pulp capping - Phosphoric acid solution absorbs water, do not leave bottle ————————————————————————— open ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL - a very old and yet useful cements Modified zinc phosphate cement - Its obtundent property makes it useful for sedative and tem- 1. Copper cement porary filling - contains: cupric oxide (black copper cements), cuprous - Can withstand amalgam condensation forces oxide(red copper cement) - Supports overlying amalgam - Others may contain cuprous iodide or silicate - Biocompatibility is very good - Low powder liquid ratio - May cause hypersensitivity reaction - Highly acidic - Highly solubility and lower strength Types - Slight bacteriostatic and anticariogenic properties 4. Unreinforced ZOE 2. Silver cements - Contains a small percentage of a salt such as silver phos- phate Applications: - Advantage over zinc phosphate cement has not been estab- • Only used when strength and solubility are not critical lished • Formulation for temporary restorations 3. Flouride cements • Provisional cementation of crowns and foxed partial denture - higher solubility and lower strength • Cavity liner in deep cavity preparation - Reduced enamel solubility and potentially has an anticario- genic.. 2. Reinforced ZOE - ... - stronger and less soluble 4. Silicophosphate cements - Additives include alumina, rosin and polymethyl methy- - combination or zinc phosphate and silicate cements lacrylate resin - Translucent, improved strength, duento Application: Types • used for temporary and intermediate bases 1. Type 1(fine grain) • Used as cavity liners and base materials - used for the permanent cementation of cast restorations such • Cementing agents for crowns and fixed partial dentures as crowns inlays inlays and bridges. This material creates the • Provisional(waiting for something to happen) restorative very thin film layer that is necessary for accurate material 2. Type 2 (Medium grain) - For deep cavity preparation base 3. ZOE-EBA - stronger and less soluble Polycarboxylate cement - Used for intermediate bases - power liquid system - Additive include orthobenzoic acid - Cement which has evidence of adhesion to the tooth Application: - Not as acidic as zinc phosphate cement and is biocompatible • cementation of inlays, crowns and fixed partial denture - Not as strong as other cements and has a moderate solubility • Provisional restorations/ same as interim restoration - PH of the cement is 1.7 • Used as base and lining materials - Produce minimal irritation to the pulp (biocompatible) ————————————————————————— - Adhesion occurs by the chelation of the calcium of the ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT apetite in enamel and dentin by the carboxyl group of the - Has been used in dentistry for centuries polyacrylic acid - At one time it was the strongest and least soluble cement Use of polycarboxylate cement available - used as a permanent cement for cast restoration, stainless - Used mainly for retention of cast metallic restorations, steel crowns and orthodontic bands bases, and for cementing orthodontic bands - Used as a non irritating base under both composite or amal- - ... gam restoration .. Disadvantages ————————————————————————— - Has low pH(highly acidic) GLASS IONOMER - Irritating to the pulp - Formulated in 1970’s - Cement set into a hard brittle material - Combination of silicate and polycarboxylate cement - Use of an acid-reactive glass powder together with a poly- acrylic acid solution leads to a translucent, stronger cement - Used as a luting and restorative/base material Types Type 1 - For the cementation of metal restorations and direct- bonded Type 2 - Designed for restoring cavity preparations, ideal for filling the areas of erosion near the gingiva Type 3 - Used as liners bases and dentin bonding Type 4 - Pit and fissure sealant (Common to kids) Type 5 - Orthodontic Cement Type 6 - Core build up
Considerations for glass ionomers
- Powder is an acid soluble calcium. The slow release of fluo- ride from this powder aids in inhibiting recurrent decay - Causes less trauma or shock to the pulp than many other types of cements - Low solubility in the mouth - Adheres to a slightly moist tooth surface. - Has a very thin film thickness, which is excellent for seating ease.