Name 2 thoracic wall muscles:

1. External Intercostal Muscle

2. Internal Intercostal Muscles
3. Sternocostalis
4. Subcostalis
5. Transversus Thoracicus

The aorta gives the following branches:

1. Right & Left Coronary Arteries
2. Brachiocephalic Trunk
3. Left Common Carotid
4. Left Subclavian
5. Posterior Intercostal Arteries

Mention 3 tributaries of the azygos vein:

1. Hemiazygos (Inferior)
2. Accessory Hemiazygos (Superior)
3. Right Intercostal Veins (Except the 1st one, it comes from supreme intercostal vein)
4. Bronchial Veins
5. Mediastinal Veins
6. Oesophageal Veins
7. Pericardial Veins

Mention 4 branches of the right coronary artery:

1. Sinoatrial Node Branch
2. Anterior Atrial Branch
3. Anterior Ventricular Branch
4. Right Marginal Branch

Mention 3 structures related to the medial surface of the left lung:

• The left lung is related to arteries, while the right lung is related to veins.
1. Arch of Aorta
2. Left Subclavian Artery
3. Left Common Carotid
4. Heart
5. Esophagus (Found in both left and right lung impressions)

Mention 3 muscles of posterior compartment of the forearm:

• Posterior meaning has to start with Extensor, the rest can be randomly guessed.
1. Supinator.
2. Abductor pollicus longus.
3. Extensor pollicus longus.
4. Extensor pollicus brevis.
5. Extensor indicis.

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Branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus:

Mention 3 muscles supplied by the median nerve and 3 muscles by the radial nerve:
• Median n. supplies most of the anterior forearm.

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Mention the rotator cuff muscles:
• Mnemonic: SITS
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres Minor
4. Subscapularis

Mention 2 sources of arterial supply of the femoral head:

1. Foveal Artery (Branch of the Obturator artery)
2. Medial & Lateral Femoral Circumflex Arteries branches from Profunda Femoris.

Mention 2 branches of the Profunda Femoris artery:

1. Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery
2. Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery
3. Perforating Branches

Name the bones forming the medial longitudinal arch of the foot:
1. Calcaneus
2. Talus
3. Navicular
4. 3 Cuneiforms
5. First 3 Metatarsals

Name the nerves responsible for the cutaneous sensation of the foot:
1. Saphenous Nerve
2. Medial Plantar Nerve
3. Lateral Plantar Nerve
4. Sural Nerve
5. Superficial Fibular Nerve
6. Deep Fibular Nerve

Name 3 ligaments supporting the knee joint:

1. Medial Collateral Ligament (Peroneal)
2. Lateral Collateral Ligament (Tibial)
3. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
5. Patellar Ligament
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Contents of the spermatic cord include:
1. Vas deferens
2. Cremasteric Artery
3. Pampiniform Plexus of Veins
4. Testicular Artery

Name 3 sites of portosystemic anastomosis:

1. Paraumbilical Region
2. Bare Area of Liver
3. Lower 1/3 of the Esophagus
4. Upper End of Anal Canal

Name the structures in portahepatis from posterior to anterior:

1. Portal Vein
2. Hepatic Artery
3. Hepatic Duct

Mention 3 structures that drain the stomach:

1. Left Gastric
2. Right Gastric
3. Left Gastroepiploic
4. Right Gastroepiploic

Root of mesentry crosses the following structures:

1. IVC
2. 3rd Part of Duodenum
3. Abdominal Aorta
4. Right Gonadal Vessels
5. Right Genitofemoral Nerve
6. Right Sacroiliac Joint
7. Right Ureter & Psoas Major

Branches of scapular anastomosis:

1. Suprascapular Artery
2. Subscapular Artery
3. Circumflex Scapular Artery
4. Subclavian Artery

The visceral surface of the spleen is related to:

1. Left Kidney
2. Splenic Flexure
3. Fundus of the Stomach

Name 3 of the congenital heart abnormalities:

1. Atrial Septal Defect
2. Ventricular Septal Defect
3. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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 4. Tetralogy of Fallot
5. Pulmonary Stenosis

Stages of lung development are:

1. Pseudoglandular
2. Canalicular
3. Terminal Sac
4. Alveolar

Stomach bed contents:

1. Tail of pancreas
2. Splenic Artery
3. Left kidney
4. Transverse Colon
5. Transverse Mesocolon
6. Splenic Flexure
7. Left Suprarenal Gland

Portal triad consists of branches of portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct.
Islets of Langerhans are the endocrine tissue part of the pancreas.
Peyer’s patches are found in the ileum.
Valves are folds of tunica interna.
Tunica media is the thickest layer of the arterial walls.
Brunner’s glands are found in the submucosa of the duodenum
Respiratory passages are lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Alpha & Beta cells occur in the pancreatic islets
Glands of lieberkuhn occur in the walls of small intestine.
Fundic Stomach occur in the walls of the stomach
Gastric pits occur in the wall of stomach
Kupffer’s Cells occur in the wall of the liver
Blood vessels are lined by simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)
Extrapulmonary bronchi have the same structure as trachea.

Synovial joints consist of:

1. Synovial Membrane
2. Synovial Fluid
3. Articular Discs

The portal vein is formed by union of:

1. Superior Mesenteric Vein
2. Splenic Vein

Rectus Sheath contents are:

1. Rectus Abdominus Muscle
2. Pyramidalis
3. Superior Epigastric Vessels
4. Inferior Epigastric Vessels

Mention 3 structures related to the posterior aspect of the right kidney:

1. 11th and 12th ribs
2. Ilioinguinal N
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 3. Iliohypogastric N
4. Diaphragm
5. Psoas Major
6. Quadratus Lumborum
7. Transversus Abdominis

Tributaries of IVC:
1. Hepatic Veins
2. Lumbar Veins
3. Renal Veins
4. Right Gonadal Veins
5. Right Suprarenal

Mention 3 structures passing through the central tendon of the diaphragm:

1. IVC
2. Right phrenic nerve
3. Lymphatic vessels

Bronchial tree divisions include:

1. Main Bronchi
2. Lobar Bronchi
3. Segmental Bronchi

Thoracic Duct:
- Originates from: Cisterna chili
- Terminates at: Venous angle between left subclavian and jugular vein.
- Receives: Mediastinal Lymph, Left Jugular Lymph, Left Subclavian

The lung is derived from endoderm

Where do you feel the pulsation of arteries below:

- Radial: Distal Forearm, Lateral to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis
- Ulnar: Anteromedial Aspect of the Wrist

Axillary lymph node group contains:

1. (Anterior) Pectoral Group
2. (Posterior) Scapular Group
3. Lateral
4. Central
5. Apical

Mention the effect of injury of the following nerves:

1. Median: Ape Hand
2. Ulnar: Claw Hand
3. Long Thoracic: Winging of Scapula

Contents of popliteal fossa:

1. Popliteal Artery
2. Popliteal Vein
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 3. Tibial N
4. Common Peroneal N
5. Small Saphenous Vein

Action & innervation of the following muscles:

1. Gluteus Maximus: Extension and Lateral Rotation at Hip Joint, Inferior Gluteal N
2. Adductor Longus: Adduction at Hip Joint, Obturator Nerve
3. Sartorius: Flexion of both Hip and Knee, Femoral Nerve
4. Flexor Hallucis Longus: Flexion of the Big Toe at all joints, Tibial Nerve
5. Tibialis Anterior: Inversion and Dorsiflexion of the Ankle, Deep Peroneal Nerve

Pancreatic Acinar and Ducts represent the exocrine portion of pancreas.

Chief and parietal cells occur in glandular stomach.

Pronation of the upper limb is achieved by the following muscles:

1. Pronator Teres
2. Pronator Quadratus

Muscles in the upper limb that have double innervation are:

1. Pectoralis Major
2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
3. Brachialis
4. Subscapularis

Branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery include:

1. Thoracoacromial A.
2. Lateral Thoracic A.

Name the nerve supply of the following hand muscles:

1. Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Median N.
2. Adductor Policis: Ulnar N.
3. Medial Lumbricals: Ulnar N.
4. Dorsal Interossei: Ulnar N.

(Median n. + Radial n.)=c5-c6-c7-c8-T1.

(Axillary n.)= c5-c6.
(Musclucotenes n.)= c5-c6-c7.
(Ulnar n.)= c8-T1.

Mention 3 of the common developmental malformations of the respiratory system:

1. Tracheoesophageal Fistula
2. Lung Agenesis
3. Lung Hypoplasia

Name the recesses of the pleura and their boundaries:

1. Costodiaphragmatic: between costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura
2. Costomediastinal: costal pleura and mediastinal pleura
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• Name their clinical importance: aids in lung expansion.

Mention openings of the right atrium:

1. Tricuspid Opening
2. Vena Caval Opening
3. Coronary Sinus Opening
4. Cardiac Veins

Name the branches of the left coronary artery:

1. Atrial Branch
2. Ventricular Branch
3. Sinoatrial Branch
4. Circumflex Branch
5. Marginal Branch
6. Anterior Descending Branch

Mention 4 structures passing through posterior mediastinum:

1. Esophagus
2. Vagal Trunk
3. Sympathetic Trunk
4. Descending Aorta
5. Azygos Vein
6. Thoracic Duct

Mention the tributaries of the coronary sinus:

1. Great Cardiac Vein
2. Middle Cardiac Vein
3. Small Cardiac Vein
4. Oblique Vein of the Left atrium

Mention 4 of the carpal tunnel contents:

1. Median Nerve
2. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus
4. Flexor Pollicis Longus

Mention the branches of the 3rd axillary artery part:

1. Subscapular Artery
2. Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
3. Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Mention the muscles supplied by the ulnar nerve:

1. Abductor Digiti Mini
2. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus Medial Part

Where is the cutaneous distribution of the musculocutaneus nerve?

1. Anterior Compartment of the Arm
2. Lateral Surface of the Forearm

Mention 3 ligaments supplying shoulder joint:

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 1. Glenohumeral Ligament
2. Transverse Ligament
3. Coracohumeral Ligament

Right Coronary Artery arises from posterior aortic sinus

Branches of the internal thoracic are:

1. Anterior Intercostal
2. Musculophrenic Artery
3. Superior Epigastric Artery

Anatomical features of the right ventricle:

1. Trabeculae Carnae
2. Crista Terminalis
3. Septomarginal Papilla

Lung hilum contents:

1. Pulmonary Artery
2. Bronchial Artery
3. Bronchus
4. Bronchial lymph nodes
5. Pulmonary Vein

Structures crossing sternal angle:

1. Bifurcation of trachea (carina)
2. Beginning and end of arch of aorta
3. LRLA
4. Thoracic Duct

The parietal pleura is innervated by intercostal and phrenic nerves.

The azygos vein is formed by union of hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The superior vena cava is formed by union of left and right brachiocephalic veins.

Blood supply of the lung is from:

1. Bronchial Artery
2. Pulmonary Artery
3. Maybe intercostal arteries

Clinical importance of bronchopulmonary segments:

1. Surgical removal is possible without affecting other
2. Prevents spread of infection
3. Separates each segment pathologically.

Structures that pierce clavipectoral fascia:

1. Cephalic Vein
2. Thoracoacromial A & V
3. Lateral Pectoral Nerve

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Name the muscles responsible for lifting the arm above the head:
1. Supraspinatus (SITS) Muscle 15 degrees
2. Deltoid 15 – 90 degrees
3. Serratus Anterior 90 degrees and above
4. Trapezius

Patient is unable to abduct his middle finger due to paralysis of:

1. Interossei
2. Lumbricals

A lesion of the median nerve causes paralysis of: thenar muscles

And loss of sensation to palmar surface of lateral 3 digits.
Small saphenous vein passes behind the lateral malleolus
Lateral compartment of the leg is supplied by peroneal artery
The saphenous is the only branch of the femoral nerve that extends to the knee.
The anterior wall of the femoral sheath is bounded by transversalis fascia and fascia lata.

1st layer: abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi.
2nd layer: quadratus plantae, lumbricals.
3rd layer: flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis.
4th layer: plantar and dorsal interossei.

Knife injury to Obturator foramen may cause injury to what structures:

1. Obturator Artery
2. Obturator Nerve

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