Lecture 2

Korea Green Infra and Low Impact Development

Center
For Future Green and Smart Technology

2022. 08. 01
Pusan National University
Prof. Hyun Suk Shin
 Prof. Hyun-Suk Shin
신현석 교수
(Research Director)
Professor, Dep. of Civil and Envi. Engr.
Director, Korea GI and LID Cetner
Director, Green Land and Water Management
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea

Hydrologist & Water Resources Engineer

hsshin@pusan.ac.kr GI and LID Specialist
Governmental Committee for River Management
http://www.facebook.com/pnuhydroshin
Governmental Committee for Urban Planning
051-510-7676, 3288 (F) Presidential Committee for Green Growth

www. pnugilid.or.kr
3
 Green Space

Green Riverine

Green Building

Green Street
WWW.PNUGILID.OR.KR
Why do we make the city to be smart ?
Where does smart city go?
Sustainability !
How should SC is implemented in our city !
 Contents
01 Why GI &LID ?

02 What is Green Infrastructure Strategy

With Smart Water City ?

03 Introduction of
Korea GI & LID Center @ Pusan N. Univ.

04 Smart Sustainable Water City with

GI/LID : Concluding Remarks
01 Why Green Infrastructure Strategy?
Urban City ? Still Sustainable?

9
 Why ? Necessity of Green Infra and LID Policy for Urban Region

Economic growth 400 times for 50 years

Increasing population, infrastructures
disasters, environmental problems,
Energy problems⋯

1964, Han River, Seoul

2015 Year
10
 Why ? Necessity of Green Infra and LID Policy for Urban Region

Economic growth 400 times for 50 years

Increasing population, infrastructures
disasters, environmental problems,
Energy problems⋯

For Re-installing Sustainable and Safer City

Green urban-Water-Energy-Environment !

1964, Haundae Beach, Pusan

2015 Year
11
 Urban, Water and Environmental Problems
Urban Climate Change and Water Problems
Flood
Changing
Drying Drought
Runoff Water
Stream
Pattern GroundWater Management
Level↓ Condition
Climate Degeneration

Change Urbanization
Growing
Tropical Night Disasters
Distorting
Increasing Energy
Hydrologic
Temperature Usage↑
Cycle
Heat Island
Effects

12
Why ? Necessity of Green Infra and LID Policy for Urban Region
都市でのグリーンインフラとLID政策の必要性

Urbanization of Korea and Impervious Cover % in Cities

韓国都市化率と不投手面積の現状
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Why ? Necessity
그린인프라of/ 저영향개발
Green Infra정책과
and LID
기술이
Policy필요한가?
for Urban Region

Change of Water-Cycle in Seoul

都市化によるソウル市水循環の変化 (Seoul)

구분 1962년 2010년 변화율(%)

Population
5,001.4 17,472.8 350
Density(cap/㎢)
Urbanization
21 96 460
ratio (%)
Impervious area
7.8 47.8 601
ratio (%)
Natural Evaporation
298.7 240.7 42
Evapo 30% (mil.ton/yr)
Surface runoff
97 461 375
Surface (mil.ton/yr)
runoff
Groundwater
55% 216.6 145.3 -67
(mil.ton/yr)
Infiltration
GroundwaterFlood Damage
5% 2,867 9,983 350
5% (mil.won/yr)
Water
78.1 22.0 355
Impervious cover Independency (%)
75- 100 %
River pollution
5.8 27.9 481
(BOD mg/L)
14
Increasing Urban Floods – 2014. 8. 25 – Pusan City, Korea

장전동 부산대역 입구 기장군 내덕저수지 붕괴

온천장 침수 온천천 범람

15
Road ! for just transportation ?
교통만을 위한 회색 도로 및 보도
Road ! Sources of Flood disaster sources !?

17
Road! Traffic Accidents and Sliding ?!

18
Road? NPS pollution, Air Pollution Sources !?

19
Increasing Urban Water Shortage and Reuse Problems

20
Increasing Water Pollution Problems – NPS,CSO,Chemical,Algae

21
Need of New Urban Water Management Strategy

Stormwater management in urban area

= Green Infrastructure and

Low Impact Development

Need the New Strategy and Planning to adapt Climate Change and Urbanization

22
Why(왜) Green Infrastructure (GI)
and Low Ipact Development (LID)
For Urban Infrastructure Strategy
(Urban, Water and Road)

 SDG?
 Green City?
 SWM?
 IWRM?
 GI and LID ?
Sustainable Green City

1. Green City Strategy in

Urban Planning
for (SDG) Sustainable Development
Goal?

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25
Sustainable Water and Environmental Management

2. To overcome climate change and

water problems (flood, drought,
environment)
sustainable stormwater and environemntal
management based on in city ?

 SWM: Smart Water Management

 IWRM: Integrated Water
Resources Management
 IWM: Integrated Water Management
Watershed Management

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02 What is Green Infrastructure Strategy
With Smart Water City ?
The priority goal for smart city should be in achieving sustainable city.

스마트 시티 (Smart City)의 핵심은 지속가능한 도시를 만드는 것이다

The priority goal for smart city should be in achieving sustainable city.
30
그린인프라와 저영향개발의 정의 グリーンインフラと低影響開発の定義 (Korea

Green Infrastructure(GI) Low Impact

Development(LID)

Concept Concept

Ecology
Energy

Society

Water
Atmosphere

정의 정의
• Development of methods for managing Rainfall Runoff
• Society Choose Healthy Water Resources, and Variety
• Raise the Functional characteristics of Natural
Environmental Benefits in order to pursue a better life.
Environment Have to minimize the impact Caused by the
• Technology that Blend a Variety of Natural features Provide
impervious.
a Wide Range of Benefits for Rainfall Runoff as well as
• Technology that allows for the ongoing Management of
Flood abatement, Air quality Management, and Ecological
Water resouces, restore the Watershed Ecology and
Energy.
Hydraulic Functions.

31
Five Principles of Green Infra Design
5つのグリーンインフラ適用原則
Natural
Conventional GI & LID Hydrology
Recover
Source Control
Flood and NPS
Functioning
Non-Structureal
Urban green design
Less efficient More efficient

Decentralizatin
Of urban water infrastructures
Decentralizing
Built
Less natural More natural Water infra
adaptation

비구조적접근: 도시 계획단계에서 물관리 도입

Networking
발생원관리: 우수유출이 발생하는 발생원에서 관리
Less safe More safe 분산형관리: 도시내 인프라를 활용한 분산형 관리

수문학적접근: 물순환 증발, 침투, 저류 기능 회복

Intelligencing
기반인프리활용: 기존 회색시설의 다기능화
Less cost effective More cost effective
(물순환, 환경 기능)로 그린인프라 구축

32
Three GI and LID Technology Items

• Improving hydrologic cycle

• Excluding Artificial Interception
• Considering of Land uses, Landscape, geology
• Developing Eco-friendly Green city

• Securement of Green spaces

• Sustainable hydrologic cycle in a state of nature
• Sustainable Rainfall-Runoff Tech.

• Underground Infiltration of Rainfall runoff

• Securement of Evapotranspiration
• Minimized Runoff discharge
• Mitigation of Non-point pollutant
• Water Reuse and prevention of dry river

33
Mechanism of Green Infra Functions 그린인프라 기능의 작동 메케니즘
グリーンインフラの動作メカニズム

Slow Spread Soak

Flow control Detention Retention Filtration Infiltration Treatment
우수유출수 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의
흐름 속도 일시적 저류 현장 저류 퇴적물 제거 수직 이동 오염물 제거
조절 (부유물질의 (모래, 여과 (토양 침투, (식물환경복원/
침전 유도) 등의 공극 여재) 지하수 함양 등) 세균 콜로니를
이용한 공정)

34
35
The world is racing for Green Infrastructure and LID
世界が、グリーンインフラ - 低影響開発導入に積極的である
Mechanism of Green Infra Functions 그린인프라 기능의 작동 메케니즘
グリーンインフラの動作メカニズム

Slow Spread Soak

Flow control Detention Retention Filtration Infiltration Treatment
우수유출수 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의 우수유출수의
흐름 속도 일시적 저류 현장 저류 퇴적물 제거 수직 이동 오염물 제거
조절 (부유물질의 (모래, 여과 (토양 침투, (식물환경복원/
침전 유도) 등의 공극 여재) 지하수 함양 등) 세균 콜로니를
이용한 공정)

38
39
Green Infra (LID) is Integrated Water Technology
which should be implemented with urban, building,
and road sites and work with them.

40
 녹색 학교
Green
녹색 건축물 School
녹색 도로
Green Green Street
Building &
Road

녹색 도시인프라
Green Infrastructure 녹색 공장
녹색 공원
Green Green Industry
Park

녹색 시민 녹색 하천
Green Green River
Community
GI and LID Implementation Samples for Land Uses

42
GI and LID Implementation Samples for Land Uses

43
GI and LID Implementation Samples for Land Uses

44
GI and LID Implementation Samples for Land Uses

45
Korea Laws and Policy related with GI & LID
最近の GI＆LID 関連 韓国の 法制度
Need to make Integrated GI & LID Implementation Law and Regulation
統合 GI＆LID法の 改正が 必要。研究の中、2018年 目標
SPECIAL ACT ON THE UTILIZATION
OF WATERFRONTS (MOLIT, 2012)
國土交通部
COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST
NATURAL DISASTERS ACT
(MPSS, 2015)
國民 安全處
ENFORCEMENT RULES ON DECISIO
N, STRUCTURE & INSTALLATION
CRITERIA OF CITY & COUNTY PLAN
NING FACILITIES (MOLIT,2014)
國土交通部
ENFORCEMENT REGULAION ON
WATER QUALITY & ECOSYSTEM
CONSERVATION ACT (ME, 2017)
環境部
PROMOTION OF AND SUPPORT FO
R WATER REUSE ACT (ME, 2015)
環境部
Require of application of low impact development in wa
ter front land use plan
Article 19-7 (Standards for Runoff Reduction Facilities) (
1) Runoff reduction facilities shall have the function of r
educing instantaneous rainwater runoff for mitigating d
amage caused by wind, flood, and drought.
Article 8-3 Decision of city & county planning facilities t
o recover a water cycle of natural situation as minimum
stormwater runoff happened from impervious area
Article 73 Report of non-point pollutant reduction plan
with LID method to minimize stormwater runoff happen
ed from impervious area in order to urban development
project
Article 8 Parties intending to construct sports complexe
s, gymnasiums, and government office buildings prescri
bed by Presidential Decree shall install and operate a rai
nwater harvesting facility
46
Korean urban projects including GI & LID technology
最近GI＆LIDが導入された韓国の都市事業

As a part of the government's green growth plan, it was selected as a pilot site
Asan Tangjeung
(1.75 million m2), and for the first time on the urban scale in South Korea, we
New City
introduced a distributed stormwater management system.

Songsan Green City, which will be built up to 2020, is implementing various city
Songsan Green City
plan to prepare for climate change.

In Sejong City, a LID technique is applied to improve hydrological cycle in the

city (a scale of 689,700 m2). In particular, it aims at mitigating stormwater runoff
Sejong City
and pollution sources, and mitigating heat island phenomenon, preventing
groundwater depletion, and restoring the health of aquatic ecosystems.
This project is an eco-friendly district where through rainwater usage facilities
Seoul City sending rainwater back into the ground instead of letting rain water to be
(Rainwater Village thrown away through sewage systems. From 2016 to 2017, 10 villages will be
Project) created, and in 2016, three villages were created with a budget of 1.5 billion
won.

Rain City initiative launched in 2009 in the City of Suwon, the Republic of Korea
Suwon City
to increase the city’s water self-sufficiency to 50% by 2030 by building rainwater
(RainCity Project)
harvesting facilities around the city and the surrounding forests.

47
 아산 탕정 택지개발지구 Asan-Tangjung City
牙山。湯井新都市開発
단지나 건축물 단위가 아닌 도시단위로 분

산형 빗물관리방식이 도입된 국내 최초 사

• 위치 : 천안시 불당동 일원(1,753천m2)

• 사업기간 : 2007년 ~ 2015년

• LID사업비 32억원

• 주요 LID 시설 : 측구형 침투시설, 침투

도랑, 식생수로, 빗물저류조

 부산 에코델타시티, K-WATER
Busan ECO-DELTA CITY PROJECT. K-WATER

‘친수구역’ 특별법에 의거하여 도시계획단계에

서 GI&LID 개념을 도입한 첫번째 사례

- 수질(비점오염), 물순환(소규모 우수발생원),

물관리(빈도별 홍수관리), 도시열섬 및 미기후

저감 등 4개 카테고리 설정

• 위치 : 부산광역시 강서구 명지동,

강동동, 대저2동 일원

• 사업기간 : 2013년 ~ 2018년

• LID사업비 : 959 억원

• 주요 LID 시설 : 식생수로, 빗물정원, 옥상

녹화, 빗물저류, 인공습지 등 계획

 세종 신도시 개발 6-4 지구 Sejong New City 6-4
世宗 新都市 開發 6-4 地區

• 위치 : 세종시 연기면 일대 (약 689만m2)

• 사업기간 : 2013년 ~ 2018년

• LID사업비 : 59억원

• 주요 LID 시설 : 침투측구, 투수포장, 식

생수로, 빗물정원, 침투도랑, 침투통

공동주택 빗물처리 과정 개념도 상업업무시설 빗물처리 과정 개념도 교육연구시설 빗물처리 과정 개념도

 송산 그린시티, K-WATER Songsan City
松山 Green City 新都市 開發 事業 , K-WATER

도시 전면적인 GI & LID 기술 도입

- 물순환(연 80퍼센타일 관리), 빈도별 홍수

관리, 비점오염저감, 사용수량 10%절감 등

목표 설정

• 위치 : 화성시 송산면 일원(55.59km2)

* 동측지구 : 4.83km2

• 사업기간 : 2011년 ~ 2020년(동측지구)

• LID사업비 : : 1,755억원 (동측지구)

• 주요 LID 시설 : 투수성 포장, 우수활용시설,

우수유출저감시설, 물절약시설
 물순환 선도도시 사업, 환경부 Water-Cycle City Project
水循環都市事業、環境省

환경부에서 제2차 비점오염원관리 종합대

책의 핵심사업으로 도시 물순환 건전성을

높이기 위하여 5개 도시 선정

2017년부터 4년간 물순환 개선 시범사업

추진 중

• 대상도시 : 광주광역시, 대전광역시, 울

산광역시, 안동시, 김해시 * 環境省で第2次

※ 불투수면적률이 非点汚染源管理総合対策の中核
25%를 초과하는 도시지역 우선 검토
事業で都市の水循環の健全性を高めるために、5
- (주택단지) 단지내 빗물정원 설치, 옥상 녹화 등
• LID사업비 : 1,231억원 / 4년 つの都市選定
- (도로) 가로수와 침투기능을 겸한 나무여과상자, 식생수로,
*2017年から 4年間、水の循環を改善モデル事業
침투측구 설치
推進中
- (상업지역) 식물재배화분, 투수 보도블럭, 옥상녹화․식생체
* 対象都市：光州広域市、大田広域市、蔚山広域
市、安東市、金海市
류지 등
* LID事業費：1,231億ウォン/4年
 수원시 레인시티 사업2 Suwon Rain City Project
水原市 Rain City 事業
持続可能な水循環システムの構築の一
지속가능한 물순환 체계 구축의 일환으로
環として、都市部での雨水利用の増加
と雨水流出の減少を目的に実施
도시지역에서 빗물이용 증가와 빗물유출

• ロケーション：水原市4大河川流域
감소목적으로 시행
対象
• 위치 : 수원시 4대 하천유역 대상
• 事業期間：2015年〜2018年
• 사업기간 : 2015년 ~ 2018년
• 所要予算：300億ウォン（市費30％、
国費70％）
• 소요예산 : 300억원 (시비30%, 국비

• 70%)
主なLID施設：投手ブロック、屋上
緑化、レーン庭、雨水浸透施設、
• 주요雨水利用施設
LID 시설 : 투수블록, 옥상녹화,

레인가든, 빗물침투시설, 빗물이용시설

03 Korean GI and LID Center
@ Pusan National University
Need of GI&LID Research in Rep. of Korea

We don’t know…
• In recent years, there are lots of LID techniques developed to restore the natural
phenomenon in various fields
• But, We don’t know how the factors of LID techniques are effective in case of
practical application

Low Impact Development How to verify the efficiency? Solution

A lot of BMP/LID/GIs Runoff Reduction Korea LID-Verification

exist in the world Nonpoint Pollution Facility
What do we choose? Control
What do we invest? Verification
What is the best technology Carbon Dioxide Standard
in the site? Reduction
Certification
Construction Suitability
56
National Smart GI and LID Research Group

Introduction

• Period : Nov. 2012 ~ Feb. 2018

• Principal research institute : Pusan National University(PNU)

• Cooperative Institute : Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology(KICT)

Land and Housing Institute(LHI)

• Research fund : $17.2 million

• Purpose

- GI&LID test facility construct and analysis technology development

- Development of GI technology based on LID

- Development of integrated design and management technology

57
National Smart GI and LID Research Group

Research of LID efficiency certification and development of certification

technique standard for application of LID technology
Construction of GI & LID test facility and equipment

Development of GI & LID technologies and systems in the space(park),

road and public facility for sound water cycle urban planning in
response to climate change

Development of applicable to integrated plan and design method in land

use plan and design state using developed standard GI & LID
technologies
58
GI and LID Center Opportunities

Verification/certification(using outdoor testbed, indoor test facility) on

performance of GI&LID technologies in hydraulic cycle, disaster prevention, soil,
environment area
- Architectural GI&LID zone - Road GI&LID zone
- Parking lot GI&LID zone - Rain garden GI&LID zone
- Bioretention GI&ID zone

- GI&LID professional education course

- GI&LID education course for student and citizen
- Support/consultant of government GI&LID policy

- GI&LID national R&D

- Local government and business R&D project
- GI&LID research service

- Support of development of GI&LID technologies in business

- Operation of technical seminar with
- Consultant on plan, design, construction and maintenance of GI&LID
technologies

59
Center Configuration

60
Outside GI/LID Real Experiment Testbed
1.6 국가 GI & LID 실증실험단지 (대표 성과)

실외 LID 실증실험 단지
LID Outside Test-Bed Site (LID-TEST-BED) [ARCH.-LID Area]

[PARKING-LID Area]

[IDT-LID Area]

00

[BR-LID Area]

Architectural Road Permeable Parking Lot Industrial Bioretention

LID Zone Pavement LID Zone LID Zone Testing LID zone LID Zone
 GU/LID Test Bed Complex (Outside)
〮 Outside test site is consist of 5 LID-zone(Architectural & building, Road permeable pavement, Parking lot, Rain
garden and Bioretention LID-zone).
〮 Monitoring system is constructed to measure of stormwater management efficiency (hydraulic cycle and quality)
and basic properties of GI&LID technology in each LID-zone

62
GU/LID Facilities
Installed Outside

56
한국 GI&LID 센터 소개 7
 Architectural GI&LID Zone

Building Walk way Street

Stormwater Infiltration water

Overflow Rainwater utilization

65
 Outside testbed site

Road GI&LID Zone

Building Walk way Street Street

Porous Pave. Impervious Pave.

Stormwater Infiltration water

Overflow Rainwater utilization

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폭우시 (차2016년 차바태풍) 양산 부산대 센터내 투수포장 시설
왼편: 투수포장 오른편: 일반 포장

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Outside testbed site

Parking lot GI&LID Zone

Asphalt Concrete Block Rainwater harvesting

pave. pave. pave. system in parking lot

Stormwater Infiltration water

Overflow Rainwater utilization

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Hydrological Performance Experiment for Permeable Pavement
At Parking Lot Testbed

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 Outside testbed site

Rain garden GI&LID Zone

Rain garden 3 Sand filter Rain garden 2 Rain garden 1

Stormwater Infiltration water

Overflow

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Outside testbed site

Bioretention GI&LID Zone

Rainwater
Wet pond Dry pond harvesting
system

Stormwater Infiltration water

Overflow Rainwater utilization

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Bio-retention Pond Capacity Performance Experiment

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Outside testbed site
Outside testbed site

Permeable Concrete
Interlocking Permeable Block
Concrete Permeable Block 1
Concrete Permeable Block 2
Soil Concrete P. Block
Smart GU/LID
Monitoring System

-Meteo-Data AWS
-Surface flow
-Infiltrated flow
-Water quality
-Groundwater level
-Pond stage
-Storage tank level

Time interval : 1 min

All around year

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Integrated Monitoring System
Research center Facilities Monitoring Reference Notice

Weather
- Temperature
- Precipitation
- Humidity
- Pressure
- Wind velocity

LID Facility
- Surface runoff
- Infiltrated runoff
- Runoff Quality

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1st

Hydrological LID
Performance Test Zone

1st Pavement/Soil LID

Performance Test Zone
2st Environmental LID
Performance Test Zone
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 GI&LID Laboratory (Major Test Facilities)
1 2 3

4 5

6 7 8

1 LID-RUNOFF HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCY SIMULATOR

2 LID-HYDRAULIC EFFICIENCYTESTOR
3 LID-SMALL MULTI-PURPOSE SIMULATOR
4 LID-WATER QUALITY EFFICIENCYTESTOR 9 10
5 LID-MOVABLE RAINFALL SIMULATOR
6 LID-CLOGGING TESTOR OF PAVEMENT-SOIL SYSTEM
7 LID-WATERCYCLE TESTOR OF PERMEABLE SYSTEM
8 LID-STRUCTURAL SAFETY TESTOR OF PAVEMENT SYSTEM
9 LID-GREEN ROOF EFFICIENCY TESTOR
10 LID-SUSPENDED SOLID AGITATOR 78
 Rainfall-Runoff Simulator Hydraulic LID Facility
Hydrological LID Performance

Medium Hydrological LID Facility Small Hydrological LID Facility

Test Zone

Green Roof Lysimeter Facility

Permeability&
Water Quality Performance Tester Clogging performance tester

Water Quality Agitator (Mixer) Structural safety Tester

(MTS)

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Hydrological Performance Test and Standard Development

Artificial Rainfall-Runoff Simulator (Hydrological LID Tester)

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62
K-LIDM : Design and Evaluation Modeling Development

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04 Smart Sustainable Water City with
GI/LID : Concluding Remarks
 [ what for? ]
1. The Main Focus for Smart City Should be implemented
to meet Sustainable Development Goal for Urban Region.

스마트시티(smart city: SC)의 핵심목표중 하나는

도시의 지속가능개발(sustainable development SDG)에 있다.

2. Recent Korean SC Projects have been driven only for urban efficiency
rather than achieving SDG concept, design and endeavor.

현재 국내 SC 사업에는 SDG 개념, 설계, 구현 노력이 부족하여

단지 도시기능의 편의성과 효율성에만 치우쳐 있다.

3. One of key idea for SDG achievement in SC should be implementing

Green Infrastructures and Low Impact Development Scheme
into total process, design, construction and management of SC
based on smart technologies.

SC의 SDG를 구현하는 핵심방안 중 하나는 그린인프라 (green

infrastructure: GI)와 저영향개발 (Low Impact Development)의
을 통한 도시의 환경적 스마트화에 있다.
Future Vision of Korea GI&LID center

World 1st GI/LID Technology In-Out Research Complex

World Leader of GI/LID Research in Three Years !
“Korea GI&LID-Certification Facility”

Development of leading LID Technology through

construction and operation of National GI&LID
certification facility

Preparing the installation standard of LID and Green

Infrastructure for water cycle in urban

Fostering infrastructure of construction industry in part

of water cycle (providing original technology as the
monitoring operation on the LID-water cycle

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Think Blue
Act Green
Welcome and Visit !!